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youteP syournal of 
La Salle'* s Last Voyage 



Digitized by the Internet Archive 
in 2010 with funding from 
The Library of Congress 



http://www.archive.org/details/joutelsjournalof01jout 



/ 

Jouters Journal of La 
Salle's Last Voyage 

A reprint (page for page and line 
for line) of the first English trans- 
lation^ London y IJI4; with the 
Map of the original French edition 
Paris y 1^13', in facsimile; and 
Notes by Melville B, Anderson 




Chicago 
The Caxton Club 

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'T^ n'r cocvpi,. 



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COPYRIGHT BY THE CAXTON 

CLUB, EIGHTEEN HUNDRED 

AND NINETY - SIX 



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The Publication Committee of the Caxton Club 
certifies that this copy of JouteT s Journal of La 
Salle s Last Voyage is one of an edition^ consisting 
of two hundred and three copies on American hand- 
made paper, and three copies on Japanese vellum, 
printed from type, and completed in the month of 
November, eighteen hundred and ninety-six 



JOURNAL 

Of the Last 

VOYAGE 

Perform'd by 

Monfr. de la Sale, 

TO THE 

GuLPH of Mexico, 

To find out the 

Mouth of the Mtf/tfipi River; 

CONTAINING, 
An Account of the Settlements he endeavour'd to 
make on the Coaft of the aforefaid Bay^ his 
unfortunate Death, and the Travels of his 
Companions for the Space of Eight Hundred 
Leagues acrofs that Inland Country of America. 
now call'd Louifiajia^ (and given by the King of 
France to M. Crozat^ till they came into Canada. 

Written in French by Monfieur ' J o u T E L, 

A Commander in that Expedition', 
And Tranjlated from the Edition juft publifh' d at Paris. 

With an exact Map of that vaft Country, and a Copy of the 
Letters Patents grzntcd by the K. of France to M. Crozat. 

LONDON, Printed for A. Bell at the Crofs-Keys and 
Bible in Cornhill, B. Lintott at the Crofs Keys in Fleet- 
ftreet, and J. Baker in Pater- Nofter-Row, 17 14. 



j^^sasss^s^ssmame 






THE 
French Bookseller 

TO THE 

READER- 



THR M anil fcript of this "Journal hapning 
to fall into ?ny Hands ^ and having 
/hewn it to fome Perfons well vers" d in thefe 
Affairs^ they were of Opinio7i it deferv'd to be 
printed; efpe daily at this Time^ when travels 
are fo much in Requejl^ and in regard this is 
now feafonabky on Account of the De fcript ion 
it gives of the famous River Miflifipi and of 
the Country o/'Louiliana, where it is intended 
to make great Settlements. Befides^ this Re- 
lation is uncommon^ curious and ingaging, 
both in Regard to the Honour and Advan- 
A 2 tage 



tage of the Nation, for as much as it contains 
the Attempts and the bold and glorious Un- 
dertakings of our French Adventurers, who 
not fatisfied, like others, with dif covering the 
Borders and Coafls of unknown Countries, pro- 
ceed to penetrate into the hiland, through a 
t hou I and T) angers and Hazards of their Lives. 
Is it not very commendable in them, to make 
us fully acquainted with that great re??7aining 
Part of the World, which for fo many Ages 
continued unknown to our Forefathers, till 
about two hundred Tears ago Chriftopher Co- 
lumbus difcover d it, and Americus Vefpu- 
fi us going over foon after, gave it his Name, 
caufing it to be call'd America ? One ofthofe 
whom I defired to perufe this Manufcript, has 
a little polijli d it, puffuant to the Orders I 
received; and he having been a confderable 
Traveller, was a proper Peifon to judge of and 
put it into a Drefsft to appear in publick. The 
Letter he writ to me, being not only in/lruBive, 
in Relation to the fournal, but of life as 
a curious Supplement to it, I thought the in- 
ferting of it would be acceptable. It is as 
follows. 



SIR, 



[iii] 



SIR, 

I Return you your Manufcript ; the 
Reading of it has reviv'd the Satisfa- 
dHon I once took in my Travels; it 
has obHg'd me to read over again thofe 
of feveral Perfons, who have writ of Cana- 
da^ and carry'd me in Imagination through 
thofe vail:, barbarous and unknown Coun- 
tries, with much more Eafe and lefs Dan- 
ger than was done by the Hero of this 
Relation. He certainly deferves that ho- 
nourable Title, and having read his Ad- 
ventures, I could not forbear laying with 
the Poet 

//// robur & ces triplex 
Chxa PeBus erat. 

For what an extraordinary Strength, 
what a Vigour of Body and Mind was re- 
quifite for him to project, to undertake 
and to go thro' with fo unufual, fo bold 
and fo difficult an Enterprize. A Difco- 
very of above eight hundred Leagues of 
barbarous and unknown Countries, with- 
out any beaten Roads, without Towns, 
and without any of thofe Conveniencies, 
which render Travelling more eafy in all 
B 3 other 



[ Iv J 
other Parts. All the Land- Carriage is re- 
duc'd to walking afoot ; being often with- 
out any other Shoes but a Piece of a Bul- 
lock's Hide wrapp'd about the Feet; car- 
rying a Firelock, a Snapfack, Tools and 
fome Commodities to barter with the Na- 
tives. It is true that accidentally and but 
very rarely a Horfe is found to help out a 
little. 

If they muft venture upon the Water, 
there are only fome wretched Canoes, 
made either of the Barks of Trees or of Bul- 
locks Hides, and thofe they mull: often 
carry or drag along the Land, when the 
Falls of the Rivers obftrudl making ufe of 
them. All the Bed is lying on the bare 
Ground, expofed to the Inclemencies of 
the Air, to be devour'd by Alligators and 
bit by Rattle Snakes ; without Bread, 
Wine, Salt and all other Comforts of Life, 
and this for fome Years. The Diet alto- 
gether confifts in a poor Pap or Hafty-Pud- 
ding made of the Meal of Indian Corn, 
Fifli half broil'd or ill boil'd, and fome 
Beef or wild Goats Flefh, dry'd in the Air 
and Smoke. Befides, what a Trouble is 
it to invent Signs to be underll:ood by fo 
many feveral Nations, each of which has 
it's peculiar Language? All this an Ad- 
venturer muft refolve with himfelf to go 
through, who defigns to make Difcoveries 
in Canada ; and it would be hard to believe 

this 



I ^' I 
this, did not all thofe who write of it ex- 

;idtly agree in this Particular. 

However that Country is good and 
plea (ant, at leail: towards the South, which 
is what is here I'poken of. The Tempara- 
ture of the Climate is admirable, the Soil 
excellent for Tillage, and it is extraordina- 
ry fertil in all Sorts of Grain and Fruit; 
which appears by thofe the Land produces 
of it felf in great Plenty. The Hills and 
Woods produce Timber for all Ufes and 
Fruit Trees, as well of cold as hot Coun- 
tries. There are Vines which want but 
little Improvement; there are Sugar- 
Canes, large Meadows, and navigable Ri- 
vers full of Fifh. It is true they are in- 
ferted with Alligators, but with a little 
Care they are to be avoided ; as may the 
Rattle-Snakes, which are extraordinary 
venomous, but never bite unlefs they are 
hurt. There are thoufands of wild Bul- 
locks, larger than ours, their Flefh good, 
and inflead of Hair, they have a Sort of 
curl'd Wool extraordinary line. There are 
Abundance of Deer, wild Goats and all 
Sorts of wild Fowl, and more efpecially 
of Turkeys. As there are Poifons and Ve- 
noms, fo there are immediate and won- 
derful Antidotes. 

We mufl: not look there for rich and 

rtately Cities, or lofty Structures, or any of 

thofe Wonders of Archite(5ture, or the Re- 

A 4 mains 



_ [ vi ] 
mains and ancient Monuments of the Va- 
nity of great Men ; but we may there ad- 
mire Nature in its beautiful SimpHcity, as 
it came from the Hands of its Creator; 
without having been alter' d or depraved 
by Ambition or Art. 

But is fo vail: and fo beautiful a Coun- 
try only for Beafts, Birds and Fifhes! O 
inconceiveable Wonder! There is an in- 
finite Number of People, divided into Na- 
tions, living in Cottages made of the Barks 
of Trees, or cover'd with Reeds or Hides, 
when they are not abroad at War, or Hunt- 
ing, or Fifhing, almoft naked, without 
any other Bed but a Bullock's Hide, or 
any Houfhold-StufF but a Pot or Kettle, 
an Axe and fome Platters made of Bark. 
They take their Suftenance, as it comes in 
their Way, and like the Beafts; they have 
no Care, do not value Wealth, fmg, dance, 
fmoke, eat, fleep, hunt, fifh; are indepen- 
dant, make War, and when an Opportu- 
nity offers, take Revenge of any Injury in 
the moft cruel Manner they are able. Such 
is the Life of thofe Savages. Tho' there 
be fome in the Southern Parts, not quite 
fo ftupid and brutal as thofe in the North, 
yet they are both Savages, who think of 
Nothing but what is prefent, love No- 
thing but what is obvious to the Senles, 
incapable of comprehending any Thing 
that is Spiritual; fharp and ingenious in 

what 



I ^^^ ] 

what is for their own Advantage, without 
any Senfe of Honour or Humanity ; horri- 
bly cruel, perfectly united among them- 
felves to their Nation and their Allies; but 
revengeful and mercilefs towards their E- 
nemies. To conclude, their Shape, tho' 
hideous, fhews they are Men; but their 
Genius and Manners render them like the 
worll: of Beafts. 

A modern Author, who has liv'd in 
Canada, and in other Refpe6ls has writ 
well enough, has perhas fancy'd, he might 
dilHnguifli himfelf, and be thought more ^^ Hou- 
underrtanding than other Men in difcove- g^/£j[ 
ring the Genius of thofe People, by affign- coar/e 
ine more Ingenuity and Penetration to ^^'^ '^ ^''' 
the Savages, than is generally allow' d wherei?i he 
them. He fometimes makes them to argue renders 
too llrongly and too fubtilely againfl: the ridiculous. 
Myfleries of Chriftian Religion, and his 
Relation has given jull: Occafion to fufped:, 
that he is himfelf the Libertine and Talk- 
ing Savage, to whom he has given the 
artful Malignity of his Notions and Ar- 
guments. 

As for the Genius of the Savages, I am 
of Opinion, we ought to believe the Mif- 
fioners; for they are not lefs capable than 
other Men to difcover the Truth, and they 
have at leall: as much Probity to make it 
known. It is likely, that they, who have 
for an hundred Years pafl, wholly apply' d 

them- 



ne Na- 
tives of 



\ viii ] 
themfelves, according to the Duty of their 
FuiK^lion, to ftudy thofe poor Images of 
Men, fhould not be acquainted with 
them? Or would not their Confcience 
have check'd them, had they told a Lye 
in that Particular? Now all the MifTion- 
ers agree, that allowing there are fome 
Barbarians lefs wicked and brutal than 
the reft; yet there are none good, nor 
thoroughly capable of fuch Things as are 
above the Reach of our Senfes; and that 
whatfoever they are, there is no relying 
on them; there is always caufe to fufpedt 
Canada^ them, and in fhort, before a Savage can be 
bruta/. made a Chriftian, it is requifite to make 
him a Man; and we look upon thofe Sa- 
vages as Men, who have neither King nor 
Law, and what is moft deplorable, 
no God; for if we rightly examine their 
Sentiments and their Adtions, it does not 
appear that they have any Sort of Religi- 
on, or well form'd Notion of a Deity. If 
fome of them, upon certain Occafions, do 
fometimes own a Firft or Sovereign Being, 
or do pay fome Veneration to the Sun. As 
to the firft Article, they deliver themfelves 
in fuch a confufe Manner, and with fo 
many Contradidlions and Extravagancies, 
that it plainly appears, they neither know 
nor believe anything of it ; and as for the 
fecond, it is only a bare Cuftom, without 
any ferious Refledtion on their Part. 

A 



I ^^ I 
A miferable Nation, more void of the 

Light of Heaven, and even that of Nature, 
than fo many other Nations in the EaJ/ 
Indies, who, tho' brutal and ftupid as to 
the Knowledge of the Deity, yet are not 
without fome Sort of Worlhip, and have 
their Hermits and Fakirs who endeavour 
by the Pradiice of horrid Penances, to gain 
the Favour of that Godhead, and thereby 
Ihew they have fome real Notion of it. 
Nothing of that Sort is to be found among 
our American Savages, and in Conclufion, 
it may be faid of them in General, that 
they are a People without a God. 

Our French, who are born in Canada 
all of them well fhap'd, and Men of Senfe 
and Worth, cannot endure to have their 
Savages thus run down. They affirm they 
are like other Men, and only want Edu- 
cation and being improv'd; but befides 
that we may believe they fay fo to fave 
the Honour of their Country, we advance 
nothing here but what is grounded on the 
Report of many able and worthy Perfons, 
who have writ of it, after being well in- 
form' d on the Spot. We are therefore apt 
to believe, that there is a Diil:in6tion to be 
made at prefent between two Sorts of Sa- 
vages in Canada, viz. thofe who have been 
converfant among the Europeans for fixty 
or eighty Years paft, and the others who 
are daily difcover'd; and it is of the latter 

that 



Strong Wo- 



that we fpeak here more particularly, and 
to whom we aflign all thofe odious and 
wretched Qualities of the Savages of North 
America; for it is well known, that the 
lirft Sort of them, as for Inftance, the Hu- 
rons, the Algonquins , the Iroquois^ the IJli- 
nois and perhaps fome others are now pret- 
ty well civiliz'd, fo that their Reafon be- 
gins to clear up, and they may become ca- 
pable of Inllrudtion. 

Amazing and incomprehenfible, but at 
the fame Time adorable Difpofition of Di- 
vine Providence ! We fee here a vafi: Trad: 
of the Earth, of an immenfe Extent, of a 
wonderful Soil for Tillage and Fertility in 
all Sorts of Fruit and Grain ; of an admi- 
rable Temperature as to the Air, which 
appears by the very numerous Inhabitants 
being fcarce fubjed: to any Difeafes, and in 
that the Sex,which among us is weak,is there 
Strong and Vigorous, bringing forth their 
Children with little or no Pain, and fuck- 
ling them amidfl: Labour and Fatigues, 
without any of thofe Miferies they are li- 
able to in our Countries. Yet that vail: 
and beautiful Country, defcrib'd in this 
Journal, fo much favour'd with Worldly 
BlefFmgs, has been for fo many Ages de- 
ftitute of the Heavenly. 

The infinite Numbers of People inhabi- 
ting it are Men, and have fcarce any thing 
but the Shape; they are God's Creatures, 

and 



[ xi ] 
and do not lo much as know, much lefs 
Terve him. Thofe who have the Courage 
and Boldnefs to travell through the Coun- 
tries of fuch Savages, and thofe who read 
the Relations of fuch Travellers, ought 
to take Care how they make any rafli Re- 
flections upon this Point, or pry too deep- 
ly into it; for they may chance to lofe 
themfelves in their Thoughts. The fhor- 
test and the fafeft Courfe is, in fuch Cafes, 
to adore the inconceivable Profoundnefs of 
the Creator's Wifdom; to give a Check 
to all our Enquiries and Curiofities, with 
the Apolfle's Exclamation, O the Depth of 
the Riches both of the Wifdom and Knowledge 
of God! How unfearchable are his fudgments 
and his Ways paf finding out! And never 
ceafmg to return Thanks to his Goodnefs, 
for having fo abundantly fupply'd us with 
his Light and Grace, to conjure him to 
impart the fame to thofe poor diftrefs'd A- 
?nericajis,2.ndi that he who is Almighty, will of 
thofeStones makeChildren oiAbraha7?i. Thi?, 
all Chriftians are oblig'd inceffantly to 
pray for, becaufe as Brutifh and Stupid as 
thofe Savages are, they are ftill our Brethren, 
fmce like us defcended from Adam and 
Noah. 

How much are we then oblig'd to those 
bold Travellers, who undertake new Dif- 
coveries, who to the Hazard of their Lives, 
at their own Expence, and with fuch ex- 
traordinary 



traordinary Toils, go to find out for us, not 
only numerous Objects of our Curiofity 
and Admiration, which were before un- 
known to us, but who alfo difcover to us 
a numerous Kindred, which is not ever 
the lefs fuch, for having been fo long un- 
known to us. What if it be brutal and 
indocible, it will be the more Meritorious 
to Labour at Civilizing of and making it 
capable of receiving the Lights of Reafon 
and of Faith. We can never fufficiently ex- 
prefs our Gratitude to thole who apply 
themfelves to the making of new Difco- 
veries; the more Difficulties that attend 
them, the more we are beholding to thofe 
who undertake them. Suppofmg that 
Avarice, Ambition, a reftless Temper, or 
a defperate Fortune, are very often the 
Occafions of fuch Undertakings ; yet God, 
who can draw Good out of Evil, makes all 
thofe Paffions fubfervient to his Glory, and 
the Salvation of his Eled:, and if long 
Travels do not commonly make Saints of 
the Travellers, it is their own Fault. 
However, they at leafl prepare the Way 
to the San^lification of fo many Barbari- 
ans, beating a Road for the MilTioners, 
who go to inftrud: thofe People. Thus all 
the World is beholden to them; the Sa- 
vages for the Knowledge of God that is 
procur'd them; and we for finding by 
their Means an infinite Number of People 

before 



I ^^^^ I 
before unknown, who will join with us in 
Serving and Glorifying the Creator of the 
Univerfe. 

Granting that the laid Travellers are 
not fometimes exad:, or agree among 
themfelves in their Relations, their De- 
fcriptions and their Maps ; this mull: be an 
unavoidable Fault in Difcoverers ; but 
even that is advantageous to the Publick, 
for as much as their Succeilbrs are excited 
to examine thofe Points more ftridlly, to 
correal, explain and afcertain thofe Mi- 
ftakes. 

In acknowledgment therefore of the Ser- 
vice done us by thofe Illuftrious Adventu- 
rers and to make them fome Sort of 
Amends for their Sufferings, let us tranf- 
mit their Names to Polierity in our Writ- 
ings; let us applaud their Actions when 
we read them, and let us commend their 
Relations. This here, moll certainly de- 
ferves to be read and commended, for it is 
Curious, Extraordinary and Tragical. It 
is alfo, as has been faid before, ingaging, at 
this Conjuncture, when there is a Defign 
of making Settlements in thofe Countries, 
it mentions, the Confequence whereof 
may be moll Honourable and Advantage- 
ous to the Nation. The Travel thro' that 
Country is one of the greatell and moll full 
of Difficulties that has been perform'd; 
the Relation of it being made by an Eye 

Witnefs 



_ [ xiv ] 
Witnefs, and in a natural, plain and par- 
ticular Manner, deferves to be credited; 
but being only a Journal, it is not capable 
of admitting of Ornaments or Embellifh- 
ments. The Reader will be pleas'd to 
excufe the Repetition of the fame Words 
in it, on Account of the ImpoiTibility of 
doing otherwife, and will think it enough 
that the Barrennefs of the Narration is made 
Amends for by the Curiofity of the Sub- 
jects. I am of Opinion the fmall Notes I 
have added will not be difpleafmg, becaufe 
they explain fome Particulars, which are 
not very intelligible to fuch as are not us'd 
to read many Travels. 

After having faid the Good and the Bad 
of this North America^ mentioning the 
Beauty and Excellency of its Climate and 
the Brutality of its People, and recited the 
infinite Hardfliips, thofe who defign to tra- 
vel mull: refolve to undergo, I am of O- 
pinion it will be proper to fay fomething of 
the late Monfieur de la Sale, who is the 
principal Perfon, and as it were, the Hero 
of this Relation, tho' having been murder- 
ed by his own Men, he fell the unfortu- 
nate Vicftim of the Difcovery here treated 
of. It is alfo convenient to make known 
what went before that, which is contain'd 
in this Journal, and the prefent happy 
Confequence of that fatal Enterprize. 

Here 



XV I 

Here follows what I have of my own 
particular Knowledge, and by what has 
been written. 

Robert Caveliei% commonly call'd Account of 
Monfieur de in Sale, a Native of Roati, Monjieur 
of a good Family, having been educated 
in Piety and Learning, went over very 
young into Canada and took Delight in 
Trade, but more in Projects of new Dil- 
coveries up the Inland of thofe vaft Coun- 
tries. Intending to fettle there and make 
that his Country, he purchafed an Ha- 
bitation in the Illand of Mont-real, where 
has been built the fecond Town of Cana- 
da, fixty Leagues above Rebeck, which 
is the Capital, being alfo a Bifhoprick, 
and the Refidence of the Governor, the 
Intendant and the fupreme Council. 
There are but only thofe two Towns in 
the Country, befides fome Villages. They 
are both feated on the great River of St. 
Laurence, which coming from the S. W. 
is form'd or increafed by the Waters of 
live prodigious frefh Water Lakes, run- 
ning out one into another, and through 
them it pafTes to run down to difcharge 
itfelf in the Ocean, at a very fpacious 
Mouth, making Way for the Ships that 
defign to penetrate into Canada. 

Many Difcoveries had been made to 
the Northward, before Monfieur de la 

a Sale'-i 



I xvi ] ■ 

Sale's Time; becaufe there being Plenty 
of very good Furs, the Traders of Re- 
beck and Mont-real^ by Means of the Ad- 
venturers call'd Wood-Men, from their 
traveling thro' the Woods, had penetrated 
very far up the Country that Way; but 
none had advanc'd far towards the South 
or South-Weft, beyond Fort FrontenaCy 
which is on the Lake Ontario, the neareft 
this Way of the five great Lakes. How- 
ever, upon the Report of the Natives, 
it was fuppofed, that great and advanta- 
geous Difcoveries mieht be made. There 
Li,<^ $ mj^ been much Talk of the rich Mines of 

"^ i^^*^ •— -^ ^^' ^^^^^^^y JJ^ the Kingdom of Mexico, 
^ and fome were tempted to give them a 

Vifit. 

Something was known of the famous 
River Miffijtpi, which it was fuppofed 
might fall into the South Sea, and open 
a Way to it. Thefe Conjectures work- 
ing upon Monfieur de la Sale, who being 
zealous for the Honour of his Nation, de- 
His Cha- ^^ig^^d to fignalize the French Name, on 
Account of extraordinary Difcoveries, 
beyond all that went before him; he 
form'd the Defign and refolv'd to put it 
in Execution. He was certainly very fit 
for it, and fucceeded at the Expence of 
his Life; for no Man has done fo much 
in that Way as he did for the Space of 

twenty 



raBer, 



XVll I 

twenty Years he Ipent in that Employ- 
ment. He was a Man of a regular Be- 
haviour, of a large Soul, well enough 
learned, and understanding in the Mathe- 
maticks, defigning, bold, undaunted, 
dexterous, infmuating, not to be dilcou- 
rag'd at any Thing, ready at extricating 
himfelf out of any Difficulties, no Way 
apprehenfive of the greatell: Fatigues, 
wonderful lleady in Adverfity, and what 
was of extraordinary Ufe, well enough 
verfed in feveral Savage Languages. M. 
de la Sale having fuch extraordinary Ta- 
lents, whereof he had given fufficient 
Proofs upon feveral Occafions, gain'd the 
Efteem of the Governors of Canada ; and 
Meflieurs de CourcelleSy Talon and de Fron- 
tenac fucceffively exprefs'd the fame, by 
often employing him in Affairs for the 
Honour and Advantage of the Colony. 

The Government of the Fort of Fronte- , , 

Is made 

7iac, which is the Place fartheft advanced Proprietor 
anions the Savages, was committed to of Port 

\'y\ ' • r< • Fronte- 

nim, and he going over into rrance, in ^^^^ 
the Year 1675, the King made him Pro- 
prietor of it, upon Condition he fhould 
put it into a better Condition than it was, 
which he did, as foon as return'd to Ca- 
nada. Then came back again to Pans, 
full of the new Informations he had gain'd 
touching the River Mi//i/lpt\ the Country 
a 2 it 



[ xviii I 
runs through, the Mines, efpecially thole 
of Lead and Copper, the navigable Ri- 
vers, and the Trade that might be car- 
ried on of Furs and the fine Wooll of 
thole wild Bullocks, whereof there are 
infinite Numbers in the Forefts. Being 
alfo furnifh'd with better Accounts of 
that Country, than the Fables that were 
then publifh'd, by the Name of a Voy- 
age of the Sieur 'Joliet^ he was well re- 
ceiv'd at Court, and difpatch'd with the 
necellary Orders for proceeding on his 
Difcoveries. 
His Repu- The great Reputation Monfieur de la 
Sale had gain'd, and his mighty Projects, 
occafion'd a Jealoufy in fome and Envy 
in others. His own Countrymen thwar- 
ted his Defigns; but he furmounted all 
thofe Obftacles and return' d into Canada, 
about the Year 1678, with the Chevalier 
Tontyy an Italiati Gentleman, a Perfon of 
Worth and that had ferv'd, whom he 
gain'd to his Enterprize. He alfo pick'd 
up in the Country forty or fifty Perfons 
fit for that Expedition, and among them 
were three Recolets, whom he carry'd 
over to try what might be done as to 
Chriflianity among the Savages; he 
was well acquainted with, and had a jull: 
Efteem for the Virtue, the Capacity and 
the Zeal of thofe good, religious Men, 

who 



taUon 
fnakes E- 



1 ^^^ I 
who alone tirll: undertook the Mirtlon 

into that new World, and who being 
feconded by others, have carry'd it on 
there, with fo much Edification. 

Monfieur ^e la Sale having fpent two 
Years in going and coming, ll:ill thwart- 
ed by thole who envy'd him in the Coun- 
try, to fuch a Degree, that had it not 
been for an Antidote, he mull: have dy'd 
of Poifon given him by fome Villains, 
could not order his Affairs and begin his 
Expedition till the Year 1682. He fet 
ont at length, and to the End his Difco- 
very of the Mijjifipi might be compleat, 
he caus'd Father Hennepin, a Recolet, 
with fome others, to travel to the North- Source of 
ward, that they might find out the 
Source of that River, and they found it, 
about the 50th Degree of North Lati- 
tude. For his own Part, he proceeded 
to the Weftward and found the River of 
the Iflinois, which he call'd the River of Iflinois 
Seignelay, and following its Courfe, 
came into the MiJJiJipi, where the other 
difcharges it felf. He then concluded 
he had no more to do, but to run down 
to its Mouth, whether in the South Sea 
or the Gulph of Mexico. All along its 
Banks he found many Savage Nations, 
with whom, by Means of his Prefents, 
he enter'd into Alliances, and gave the 
a 3 Country 



the Mifii- 
fipi. 



River. 



Country the Name of Louijiana, to ho- 
nour the Name and Memory of our Au- 
guft Monarch, in whofe Reign thofe 
Difcoveries were made. At length, the 
Courfe of the MiJJifipi convey'd Monfieur 
de la Sale to its Mouths, as faUing into 
the Gulph of Mexico in two Streams, and 
he arriv'd there in the Month of April 
1682 or 1683, for the Dates of thofe 
who have writ concerning it, make ei- 
ther of thofe Years. He llay'd there 
fome Days, to take Obfervations and 
place fome Marks which he might know 
again, when he return'd. Being fatif- 
fied with having found fome Part of 
what he fought, he return'd the fame 
Way he had gone, and came again to 
Rebeck in Canada, in order to go over 
to France, and thence to make a Tryal 
to find that Mouth of the Mijjljipi by 
the Gulf of Mexico, which he had alrea- 
dy difcover'd by the Way of Canada, and 
to fecure it ; for he thought it much more 
advantageous to know it by the Way 
of the Sea, than to go thither by Land, 
becaufe the Voyage through Canada is 
much longer and more troublefome, 
and can be perform'd but once a Year, 
whereas by the Way of the Bay of Mex- 
ico it is not longer, but is much more 
commodious, and may be perform'd 

in 



[ ^^^ .1. 

in all Sealons, either going or coming. 
He was alfo fenfible that the laid Mouth 
being once difcover'd by Sea, afforded an 
eafier and fafer Communication with 
Canaday running up that noble River, 
the Navigation whereof is not inter- 
rupted by Falls, nor Torrents for above 
fixty Leagues towards its Source. 

Thefe Confiderations mov'd Monfieur 
de la Sale to take another Voyage into 
France^ where his Expedition having 
been commended and his new Projed: 
approv'd of, the King order'd him Vef- 
fels to return and carry on his Enter- 
prize, the Particulars whereof are to 
be found in this Journal. That Affair, 
lb well begun, feem'd to promife very 
advantageous Confequences ; but it mif- 
carried through the Perfidioufnefs and 
Villany of that noble Adventurer's own 
People. 

This is what I have iudp:'d might '^'^' other 

c TJo_- T J'^rt here 

lerve as an Introduction to your Jour- ^nenthn'd 
nal, if it fhall not be thought to difho- is at the 
nour it, you may place it before the faid ^yfjQ^^ 
Journal, and that which follows at the 
End of it, which will fhew how far that 
great Enterprize of the Difcovery of the 
U/Jilipi has been carried. 

a 4 THE 



THE 



PREFACE. 

Written by the 

Sieur de MITCH EL, 

Who Methodiz'd this |ournaL 



NOtwith/tandbig the late Monjieur de 
la Sale'j- Voyage had a mojl unfortu- 
nate End, as to his own Per/on, yet that will 
not hinder Pojlerity, from ever allowing hifn 
the Title of a mojl renowned Traveller. 

The Hi/lory of his Enterprize will be 
acceptable to future Ages, for laying before 
them, the extraordinary Genius, the invin- 
cible Courage, and the undaunted Refoluti- 
on of fuch a Man, who could contrive and 

execute 



P R E F A C E. 

execute the Means for difcovering the re- 
maining Part of the World. 

And in regard that the Particulars of 
the Difcovery of thofe large and imtnenfe 
Provinces, will always be the ObjeB of cu- 
rious and underfanding Perfons, it is not 
to he wonder d, that after what has been 
writ by Father Hennepin, a Recolet, the 
Chevalier Tonty and fotne others, we here 
now publi/h an Hijiorical fournal of the 
la/l Voyage Monfeur de la Sale undertook into 
the Gulf of Mexico, to the Country of 
Louifiana, to finifi what he had projeBed 
at his former Voyage, had not the Trea- 
chery of his own Men cut him off. 

This yournal of Monfeur Joutel, where- 
of Monfeur Tonty snakes nmition in the 
Book that has been printed of the laf 
Difcoveries in America, Folio 319, has 
this peculiar, that it exaBly contains what 
hapned to Monfeur de la Sale, Day by Day, 
in that fatal Voyage, fince his Departure 
from Rochelle to his death, and till the 
Return of his Brother Monfeur Cavelier 
the Priefl, Monfeur Cavelier his Nephew, 
the Reverend Father Anaftafius, the Re- 
colet, and the faid Sieur Joutel, who in 
Order to return to France, took that long 
Journey by Land, from the Gulf of Mexi- 
co to Canada, being a TraB of above 
800 Leagues. 

Many 



PREFACE. 

Many Adventures of all Sorts^ mojl of 
which are Tragical, will pleafe the curious 
Reader; and above all he will admire the 
ProteBion of Divine Providence, in Con- 
ducting and Preferving that fmall Com- 
pany throughout thofe vajl Regions, and a- 
mongfo many barbarous Nations. 

We do not here pretend to Criticife upon 
the Work of Father Hennepin, or that of 
Monfeur Tonty; but even their own Fa- 
vourers cannot take it ill, that this Author 
does not fometimes fay as they do ; that he 
plainly delivers what he faw, and that he 
expofes to publick View all the Truths he 
was an Eye Witnefs to, without magnifying 
or inventing. 

It is neverthelefs true, that they may be 
all exctud as to fome Particulars ; Father 
Hennepin and Monfeur Tonty J?tay have 
feen fome Things, that did not come to the 
Knowledge of Monfeur Joutel; but there is 
a FaB of great Confequence in the Hiftory 
of Monfeur de la Sale, which mujl not be 
pafs'd over in Silence, 

It is, that Monfeur Tonty, in his Book 
affirms, that Monfeur de la Sale at length 
found the Mouth of the Mifllfipi, and Mo?i- 
Jieur Joutel aff'erts the contrary, and fays, 
that is fo far from being true, that during 
his laf Progrefs towards the Cenis, when 
the faid Sieur Joutel was with him, and 

had 



P R E F A C E. 

had never been parted, Monjieiir de la Sale'x 
principal Care was to efiquire of all the Na- 
tions they pafs'd through^ where the MKllli- 
pi waSy and could never hear any thing of 
it; that this is evidently made out, becauje 
if Monjieur de la Sale had found the Mouth 
of that River y he would infallibly have 
taken attother Way, and other Meafures, and 
all the Appearances are on this Side, as may 
be feen in this Relation. 

However, this mujl be J aid in Behalf of 
Monfeur Tonty, that he deliver d it upon 
the Report of Monfieur Cavelier the Prieft, 
and Brother to Monfieur de la Sale ; which 
Monjieur Cavelier might have Reafons to 
give out they had dif cover d the Mifllfipi, 
upon the fame Views as obligd him to con- 
ceal his Brother s Death. 

Now in regard we fi all fee Monfeur de la 
Sale, for fome time ranging along the Coafs 
of North America, to fnd out the Mouth 
of that River, it will be proper to inform 
thofe who have not feen his fir fi Voyage, and 
Jliew them how it liapned that his Search 
provd in vain, and he was obligd to land 
in another Place. 

After Monfeur de la Sale had dif cover d 
that vafi Continent, which is a Part of 
North America, from Canada, by the Way 
of Montreal, going up the River of St. 
Laurence, then through the Country of the 

Iroquois, 



PREFACE. 

Iroquois, the Illinois and others^ all which 
he caird Louifiana, his Dejign was to find 
a Jhorter and a fafer Way, than that he had 
Travelled by Land. 

For this Reafon it was, that having upon 
his fir /I Difcovery found the great River, 
caird by the Barbarians MifTiiipi or Me- 
chafipi, according to Father Hennepin, 
aftd to which he gave the Name of Colbert, 
gueffmg by its Cou?fe that it fell into the Bay 
of Mexico, he refolvd with himfelf to find 
out the Mouth of it. 

In fiorty he ran down that River, with 
more Danger and Toil than can be imagind, 
found it parted into two Streams and follow' d 
that which was mojl to the Northward, to the 
Place where it is lofi i?2 the Sea. He took 
the Latitude that Mouth lay in, and found 
it was between 28 and 29 Degrees North, as 
Monfieur Joutel afiirms he heard him fay. 
He left Marks there, return d the fatne 
Way to Canada and thence into France, 
well pleafed with his Difcovery, which would 
have been very glorious, had he fucceeded in 
his fecond Voyage. 

But whether he did not take his Meafures 
right, when he made his Obfervations a/liore, 
or whether that River dif gorges it felf at a 
flat Coafl, and only leaves fome inconfde- 
rable Mark of its Channel for fuch as come 
by Sea; it is mqfl certain, that when he 

came 



PREFACE. 

came into the Bay o/" Mexico, lie fought for 
the fame Month in Vain^ during the Space 
of three Weeks, and was obliged to go ajhore 
to the S. W . of the Place, where it really 
was. 

Mojijieur Tonty, /// his Book, Fol. 192. 
tells us, that he was present when Monjieur 
de la Sale took the Latitude of the Mouth of 
the Mill ill pi, at his firjl Voyage, and fays it 
was between twenty two and twenty three 
Degrees North; but that is a Mifake, 
which inujl be afigned either to the Printer, 
or Tranfcriber, for in the Map the f aid Mon- 
jieur Tonty has added to his Book, he places 
the faid Mouth in about twenty fix De- 
grees and a Half of North Latitude, and 
there is Reafon to believe he errs in that 
too. 

Monfieur Joutel and fome others are of 
Opinion, that the Mouth of that Branch 
Monfieur de la Sale went down, is in the 
Bay of the Holy Ghoil;, and aBually between 
the twenty eighth and twenty ninth Degrees 
of North Latitude, as Monfieur de la Sale 
found it. As for the other Channel, the 
fa?ne Sieur Joutel believes it is farther to- 
wards the S. W. and about the Shoals they 
met with about the 6th o/' January, 1685, 
between the twenty feventh and twenty eighth 
Degrees of North Latitude, when they were 

failing 



PREFACE. 

failing along the Coaji of the Bay of Mexi- 
co, and that thofe Shoals were the Marks 
of a River dif charging it felf there ^ which 
they negleBed to inquire into. If that be 
fo, Monfeur de la Sale was very near it, 
and even pafs'd along before both the Mouths, 
but unfortunately, without perceiving them, 
which was the main Caufe of his Death and 
the Ruin of his Enierprize. 

To conclude, it mujl be granted, that as 
the Return of that fmall Number of Perfons, 
from a Country fo remote and through fo ma- 
ny Dangers, is a vifible EffeSi of the Di- 
vine Protest ion; Jo it is alfo an EffeB of 
Heavenly fujlice to have preferv'd thofe 
Witnefjes, and to have brought them Home 
into Monfiuer de la Sale'j' Country, to re- 
trieve his Reputation, which had been fully d 
by his Enemies. 

Monfeur de la Sale would have been ta- 
ken for a Dreamer, and even for an Im- 
pojlor; his Enterprize had been condemned, 
and his Memory blajled; but God would not 
permit the Honour of a Man of fuch fngu- 
lar Merit to fuffer; it pleas' d him to 
preferve and bring Home unquefionable 
Witnefjes, who, by Word of Mouth and other 
undoubted Proof of the notable Difcoveries 
made by Monfeur de la Sale, have fopfd 

the 



P R E F A C E. 

flic Mouths of his EnemieSy and made out 
the Truth of what has been ajj'erted at the 
Beginning of this Difcourfey viz. that Mon- 
Jieur de la Sale only wanted good Fortune to 
fecure him the Title of a great Man and a 
renowned Traveller. 




isf^i 




Advertifement, to the Britijh Gentry, 

WHereas all Gentlemen ought to fit themfelves be- 
times for thofe Employments which naturally fall 
to their Share, preferable to their Fellow Subjefts ; and 
that they who defign in particular to ferve their Prince 
Abroad, are obliged to underftand the Interefts and Pre- 
tentions of Foreign States, as well as the Laws and Con- 
ftitution of their own Country: It has been judg'd very 
ferviceable, by Perfons of great Experience, to have 
the mo ft celebrated Monfieur Wicquefort's Ambaflador 
tranflated into the Englifh Tongue, as being the onh' 
Book that perfeftly exhaufts this Matter, little being 
written on the Subjedl by other Nations in Comparifon 
of the Italians, whofe Books are too defeftive and ab- 
ftrafted for common Praftice. Propofals will Ihortly be 
publiflied, for printing the faid Book by Subfcription, 
by the Undertaker Bernard Lintott between the two 
Temple- Gates 

The Tragedy of Jane Shore, written in Shakefpear's 
Style, by Nicholas Row Efq; as it is afted at the Queen's 
Theatre in the Hay-Market, pr. i s. 6 d. 

The Rape of the Lock, an heroick comical Poem, in 
5 Canto's, with 6 Copper Plates, by Mr. Pope. pr. i s. 

The Works of Monfieur de Moliere, tranflated, in 6 
Vols. 1 2s. printed on fine Paper and new Elziver Let- 
ter. 

The Clergy-man's Recreation, ihewing the Pleafure 
and Profit of the Art of Gard'ning. By John Lawrence. 
A. M. Reftor of Yelvertoft in Northamptonfliire, and 
fometime Fellow of Clare-Hall in Cambridge. 

Mifcellaneous Poems and Tranilations by leveral 
Hands, particularly, the firft Book of Statins his Thebais 
tranflated. The Fable of Vertumnus and Pomoua, from 
the 14th Book of Ovid's Metamorphofis. To a young 
Lady ; with the Works of Voiture. On Silence. To the 
Author of a Poem entituled Succeflio. The Rape of 
the Lock. An Ode for Mufick on St. Cecilia's Day. 
Windfor Foreft. To the Right //onourable George Ld. 
Lanfdown. An Eflay on Cridcifm. An Epigram upon 
Two or Three. All written by Mr. Pope. 



( ^ ) 



A N 

Historical J a u. r n a l 

OF THE 

Late Monfieur de la Salens 

LAST 

VOYAGE 

INTO 

North America, 

To Difcover the 

River MISSISIPI. 



AT the Time when Monfieur de la Sale jt js Mr. 
was preparing for his lafl: Voyage into Joutcl 
North America, I happen'd to be at that /peaks 
Roan, the Place where he and I were both born, ^" ^^" 
being return' d from the Army, where I had J"^^"^ • 
ferv'd fixteen or feventeen Years. 

The Reputation gain'd by Monfieur de la Sale, 
the Greatnefs of his Undertaking, the Natural 

B Curiofity 



2 Monfieur de la S a l e'j- Second Voyage 

July 1684 Curiofity which all men are pofTefs'd with, 
'■^'^'^ and my Acquaintance with his Kindred, and 
with feveral of the Inhabitants of that City, 
who were to bear him Company, eafily pre- 
vail'd with me to make one of the Number, and 
I was admitted as a Voluntier. 

Our Rendezvous was appointed at Rochel, 
where we were to imbark. Meffieurs Caveliery 
the one Brother, the other Nephew to Mon- 
fieur de la Sale, Meffieurs Chedevilkj Planteroze^ 
'Thibaulty Ory, fome others and I, repair'd thi- 
ther in July 1684. 
^roTTo Monfieur de la Sale having provided all 
^2^gl " Things neceffary for his Voyage, furmounted all 
the Difficulties laid in his Way by feveral ill- 
minded Perfons, and receiv'd his Orders from 
Monfieur Arnoult^ the Intendant at Rochel, pur- 
fuant to thofe he had receiv'd from the King, 
we fail'd on the 24th of July^ 1684, being 
twenty four Veffels, four of them for our 
Voyage, and the others for the Iflands and 
Canada. 
Perfons T\\Q four Veffels appointed for Monfieur 

that went. ^^ ^^ Sale's Enterprize, had on Board about 
two hundred and eighty perfons, including the 
Crews; of which Number there were one hun- 
dred Soldiers, with their Officers, one Talon, 
with his Canada Family, about thirty Volun- 
tiers, fome young Women, and the reft hired 
People and Workmen of all Sorts, requifite for 
making of a Settlement. 
Ships. The firft of the four Veffels was a Man of 

War, call'd le Joly, of about thirty fix or forty 
Guns, commanded by Monfieur de Beaujeu, on 
which Monfieur de la Sale, his Brother the 
Prieft, two Recolet Fryars, Meffieurs Dain- 

maville 



into NORTH AMERICA. 3 

maville and Chedeville^ Priefts, and I imbark'd. Jf^h 1684 
The next was a little Frigate, carrying fix ^-^'^'^V) 
Guns, which the King had given to Monfieur 
de la Sale^ commanded by two Maflers ; a 
Flyboat of about three hundred Tuns Burden, 
belonging to the Sieur Mafftot, Merchant at 
Rochel, commanded by the Sieur Aigron, and 
laden with all the EfFeds Monfieur de la Sale 
had thought neceffary for his Settlement, and a 
fmall Ketch, on which Monfieur de la Sale had 
imbark'd thirty Tuns of Ammunition, and fome 
Commodities defign'd for Santo 'Domingo, 

All the Fleet, being under the Command of 
Monfieur de Beaujeu^ was order'd to keep to- 
gether as far as Cape Finifterre, whence each was 
to follow his own Courfe ; but this was prevent- 
ed by an unexpected Accident. We were come 
into 45 Degrees 23 Minutes of North Latitude, 
and about 50 Leagues from Rachel^ when the 
Boltfprit of our Ship, the Joly^ on a fudden, 
broke fhort, which oblig'd us to fi:rike all our Boltfprit 
other Sails, and cut all the Rigging the broken H^- 
Boltfprit hung by. 

Every man reflected on this Accident ac- 
cording to his Inclination. Some were of Opi- 
nion it was a Contrivance; and it was debated 
in Council, Whether we fhould proceed to Por- 
tugal^ or return to Rochel^ or Rochfort\ but the Return to 
latter Refolution prevail'd. The other Ships Rochfort. 
defign'd for the Iflands and Canada^ parted from 
us, and held on their Courfe. We made back 
for the River of Rochfort^ whither the other 
three Veffels follow'd us, and a Boat was fent 
in, to acquaint the Intendant with this Acci- 
dent. The Boat returned fome Hours after, 
towing along a Boltfprit, which was foon fet in 
B 2 its 



Aug. 1684 



Cape Fi- 
nifterre. 



Madera. 



Difference 
betweenthe 
Comman- 
ders. 



Monjieur de la S a l e 'j- Second Voyage 

its Place, and after Monfieur de la Sale had 
confer'd with the Intendant, he left that Place 
on the firft o^ Augufl, 1684. 

We fail'd again, fleering W. and by S. and 
on the 8th of the fame Month weather'd Cape 
Finijierre, which is in 43 Degrees of North La- 
titude, without meeting any Thing remarkable. 
The 1 2th, we were in the Latitude of Lisbon^ or 
about 39 Degrees North. The i6th, we were 
in 36 Degrees, the Latitude of the Str eights^ 
and the 20th, difcover'd the Ifland Madera, 
which is in 32 Degrees, and where Monfieur de 
Beaujeu propos'd to Monsieur de la Sale to an- 
chor, and take in Water and fome Refrefh- 
ments. 

Monfieur de la Sale was not of that Mind, on 
Account that we had been but twenty one Days 
from France, had fufficient Store of Water, 
ought to have, taken aboard Refrefhments 
enough, and it would be a Lofs of eight or ten 
Days to no Purpofe ; besides, that our Enter- 
prize requir'd Secrecy, whereas the Spaniards 
might get fome Information, by Means of the 
People of that Ifland, which was not agree- 
able to the King's Intention. 

This Anfwer was not acceptable to Monfieur 
de Beaujeu, or the other Officers, nor even to 
the Ships Crew, who mutter'd at it very 
much, and it went fo far, that a Pafl!enger, call'd 
Paget, a Hugonet of Rochel, had the Infolence to 
talk to Monfieur de la Sale in a very paflionate 
and difrefpeftful Manner, fo that he was fain 
to make his Complaint to Monfieur de Beaujeu, 
and to ask of him. Whether he had given any 
Incouragement to fuch a Fellow to talk to 
him after that Manner. Monfieur Beaujeu 

made 



/«/(? NORTH AMERICA. 



made him no Satisfadion. Thefe Mifunder- ^"g- 1684 
(landings, with fome others which happen'd be- ><^*^ 
fore, being no Way advantageous to his Maje- 
lly's Service, laid the Foundation of thofe tra- 
gical Events, which afterwards put an unhappy 
End to Monfieur de la Sales Life and Under- 
taking, and occafion'd our Ruin. 

However, it was refolv'd not to come to an plying 
Anchor at that Ifland, whereupon Monfieur de Fifi. 
Beaujeu faid. That fince it was fo, we (hould 
put in no where but at the Ifland of Santo Do- 
mingo. We held on our Courfe, weather'd the 
Ifland of Madera^ and began to fee thofe little 
flying Fiflies, which to efcape the Dorados^ or 
Gilt-Heads, that purfue them, leap out of the 
Water, take a little Flight of about a Pifl:ol 
Shot, and then fall again into the Sea, but very 
often into Ships, as they are failing by. That 
Fifli is about as big as a Herring, and very 
good to eat. 

On the 24th, we came into the Trade Wind, 
which continually blows from Eafl: to Wefl:, and 
is therefore call'd by fome Authors Ventus fub- 
folanus^ becaufe it follows the Motion of the Sun. 
The 28th, we were in 27 Degrees 44 Minutes of 
North Latitude, and in 344 of Longitude. The 
30th, we had a Storm, which continu'd violent 
for two Days, but being right aftern of us, we 
only lofl: Sight of the Ketch, for want of good 
Steering, but flie join'd us again a few Days after. 

The 6th of September , we were under the Tro- 
pic of Cancer^ in 23 Degrees 30 Minutes of North 
Latitude and 319 of Longitude. There Monf. Ducking;, 
de la Sale's Obftrufting the Ceremony the Sailors 
call Ducking, gave them Occafion to mutter 
again, and render'd himfelf privately odious. So 

B 3 many 



Trade 
Wind. 



6 Monjteur de la S a l e'j Second Voyage 

Sept. 1684 many have given an Account of the Nature of 
^^^''^^'^ that Folly, that it would be needlefs to repeat 
it here ; it may fuffice to fay, that there are 
three things to authorize it, i. Cuftom. 1. 
The Oath adminifter'd to thofe who are duck'd, 
which is to this EfFedt, T'hat they will not permit 
any to pafs the Tropics or the Line^ without obliging 
them to the fame Ceremony. And 3, which is the 
moft prevailing Argument, the Interefl accruing 
to the Sailors upon that Occafion, by the Re- 
frefhments. Liquors or Money given them by the 
Paffengers to be excus'd from that Ceremony. 

Monfr. de la Sale, being inform'd that all 
Things were preparing for that Impertinent Ce- 
remony of Ducking, and that a Tub full of 
Water was ready on the Deck [the French Duck 
in a great Cask of Water ^ the Englifh in the Sea^ let- 
ting down the P erf on at the Yard Arm) fent Word, 
that he would not allow fuch as were under 
his Command to be subjed: to that Folly, 
which being told to Monfr. de Beaujeu^ he forbid 
putting of it in Execution, to the great Diffa- 
tisfadlion of the inferior Officers and Sailors, 
who expeded a confiderable Sum of Money and 
Quantity of Refrefhments, or Liquors, becaufe 
there were many Perfons to Duck, and all the 
Blame was laid upon Monfr. de la Sale. 

On the nth of September , we were in the 
Hifpani- Latitude of the Ifland of Santo Domingo^ or Hif- 
ola IJland. paniola^ being 20 Degrees North, and the Lon- 
gitude of 320 Degrees. We fteer'd our Courfe 
Weft, but the Wind flatting, the enfuing Calm 
quite ftopp'd our Way. That fame Day Monfr. 
Dainmaville, the Prieft, went aboard the Bark 
la Belle^ to adminifter the Sacraments to a Gun- 
ner, who died a few Days after. Monfr: de la 

Sale 



/w/o NORTH AMERICA. 7 

Sale went to fee him, and I bore him Company. Sept. 1684 

The 2 1 ft, the Ketch, which we had before ^"^'^'VVJ 
loft Sight of, join'd us again ; and fome Com- 
plaints being made to Monfr. de la Sale, by fe- 
veral private Perfons that were aboard the Fly- 
boat, he order'd me to go thither to accomo- 
date thofe Differences, which were occafion'd 
only by fome Jealoufies among them. 

The 1 6th, we fail'd by the Ifland Sombrero, Sombrero 
and the i8th had hard blowing Weather, which IJland. 
made us apprehenfive of a Hurracan. The foul 
Weather lafted two Days, during which Time, 
we kept under a main Courfe and loft Sight of 
the other Veffels. 

A Council was call'd aboard our Ship, the 
Joly, to confider whether we fhould lie by for 
the others, or hold on our Courfe, and it was 
refolv'd, that, confidering our Water began to 
fall fhort, and there were above five Perfons 
fick aboard, of which Number Monfr. de la Sale 
and the Surgeon were, we fhould make all the 
Sail we could, to reach the firft Port of the I- 
fland Hifpaniola, being that call'd Port de Paix, 
or Port Peace, which Refolution was according- 
ly regifter'd. 

The 20th, we difcover'd the firft Land of 
Hifpaniola, being Cape Samana, lying in 19 De- Cape Sa- 
grees of North Latitude, and of Longitude 308. mana. 
The 25th we fhould have put into Port de Paix, 
as had been concerted, and it was not only the 
moft convenient Place for us to get Refrefh- 
ments, but alfo the Refidence of Monfr. de Cuf- 
fy. Governor of the Ifland Tortuga, who knew 
that Monfr. de la Sale carried particular Or- 
ders for him to furnifh fuch Neceffaries as he 
ftood in Need of. 

B 4 Not- 



8 Monjteur de la S a l e*j- Second Voyage 

Sept. 1684 Notwithflanding thefe cogent Reafons, Mr. 

^"^•^ de Beaujeu was pofitive to pafs further on in the 

Tortuga Night, weathering the I (land Tortuga^ which is 

■^^ ' fome Leagues diflant from Fort de Paix and the 

Coafl of Hifpaniola. He alfo pafs'd Cape St. 

Nicolas, and the 26th of the faid Month, we put 

into the Bay of Jaguana, coafling the Ifland 

Guanaboj which is in the Middle of that great 

Bay or Gulph, and in Conclufion, on the 27th 

we arriv'd at Petit Gouave, having fpent 58 Days 

in our Paffage from the Port of Chef de Bois, 

near Rochel. 

This Change of the Place for our little Squa- 
dron to put into, for which no Reafon could be 
given, prov'd very difadvantageous ; and it will 
hereafter appear, as 1 have before obferv'd, 
that thofe mifunderllanding among the Officers 
infenfibly drew on the Caufes from whence our 
Misfortune proceeded. 

As foon as we had dropt Anchor, a Piragua, 
or great Sort of Canoe, came out from the Place, 
with Twenty Men, to know who we were, and 
hail'd us. Being inform'd that we were French, 
they acquainted us, that Monfieur de Cujfy was 
at Port de Paix with the Marquis de St. Laurent, 
Lieutenant General of the American Iflands, and 
Monfieur Begon the Intendant, which very much 
troubled Monfieur de la Sale, as having Affairs 
of the utmofl: Confequence to concert with 
them ; but there was no Remedy, and he was 
oblig'd to bear it with Patience. 

The next Day, being the 28th. we fang 'Te 
Deum, in Thankfgiving for our profperous 
Paffage. Monfieur de la Sale being fomewhat 
recover'd of his Indifpofition, went Afliore with 
feveral of the Gentlemen of his Retinue, to buy 

fome 



hito NORTH AMERICA. 9 

fome Refrefhments for the Sick, and to find 0«^- 1684. 
Means to fend Notice of his Arrival, to Mef- '-''^VNJ 
fieurs de St. Laurent^ de Cujfy and Began, and fignify 
to them, how much he was concern'd that we 
had not put into Port de Paix. He writ particu- 
larly to Monfieur de CuJfy, to defire he would 
come to him, if poiTible, that he might be af- 
fdling to him, and take the neceffary 
Meafures for rendring his Enterprize fuccefsful, 
that it might prove to the King's Honour and 
Service. 

In the mean Time, the Sick fufFering very 
much Aboard the Ships, by Reafon of the Heat, 
and their being too clofe together, the Sol- 
diers were put Afhore, on a little Ifland, near 
Petit Gouaves, which is the ufual Burial-Place of 
the People of the pretended Reformed Reli- 
gion, where they had frefli Provisions, and 
Bread baked on Purpofe, diftributed to them. 
As for the Sick, I was order'd by Monfieur de 
la Sale, to provide a Houfe for them, whither 
they were carry' d, with the Surgeons, and fup- 
ply'd with all that was requifite for them. 

Some Days after, Monfieur de la Sale fell dan- 
geroufly ill, mofl of his Family were alfo fick. 
A violent Fever, attended with Lightheaded- 
nefs, brought him almofl: to Extremity. The 
Poflure of his Affairs, Want of Money, and the 
Weight of a mighty Enterprize, without know- 
ing whom to trull with the Execution of it, 
made him ftill more Sick in Mind, than he was 
in his Body, and yet his Patience and Refolution 
furmounted all thofe Difficulties. He pitch'd 
upon Monfieur le Gros and me to a6t for him, 
caus'd fome Commodities he had Aboard the 
Ships to be fold, to raife Money ; and through 

our 



onpo 



Ketch ta- 
ken by the 
Spaniards. 



lo Monfteur de la Sale'j- Second Voyage 

Nov^ 1684 our Care, and the excellent Conftitution of his 
Body, he recover'd Health. 

Whilfl he was in that Condition, two of our 
Ships, which had been Separated from us on the 
1 8th oi September J by the ftormy Winds, arriv'd 
at Petit Gouave on the 2d of Oifober, The Joy 
conceiv'd on Account of their Arrival, was 
much allay'd by the News they brought of the 
Lofs of the Ketch, taken by two Spanijh Piraguas \ 
and that Lofs was the more grievous, becaufe 
that VelTel was laden with Provifions, Ammu- 
nition, Utenfds and proper Tools for the fetling 
of our new Colonies ; a Misfortune which 
would not have happen'd, had Monfieur de 
Beaujeu put into Port de Paix, and Meflieurs 
de St. Laurent, de Cuffy, and Begon who arrived 
at the fame Time, to fee Monfieur de la Sale 
did not fpare to fignify as much to him, and to 
complain of that Mifcarriage. 

Monfieur de la Sale being recover'd, had fe- 
veral Conferences with thefe Gentlemen, rela- 
ting to his Voyage. A Confult of Pilots was 
called to refolve where we fhould touch before 
we came upon the Coafl of America, and it 
was refolved to (leer dire6tly for the Western 
Point of the Ifland of Cuba, or for Cape St. An- 
tony, diftant about 300 Leagues from Hif- 
paniola, there to exped: the proper Seafon, and 
a fair Wind to enter the Gulph or Bay, which 
is but Two hundred Leagues over. 

The next Care was to lay in Store of other- 
Provifions, in the Room of thofe which were 
loft, and Monfieur de la Sale was the more pref- 
fing for us to imbark, because moft of his Men 
deferted, or were debauch'd by the Inhabitants 
of the Place ; and the VefTel calFd /' Aimable, 

being 



/•«/<? NORTH AMERICA. ii 

being the word Sailer of our little Squadron, Dec. 1684 

it was refolv'd that lliould carry the Light, and ^'^'''VNJ 

the others to follow it. Monfieur de la Sale^ Mon- 

fieur Cavelier his Brother, the Fathers Zenobrius 

and Anajiajius, both Recolets, Monfieur Chede- 

ville and I imbark'd on the faid Aimable and all 

fail'd the 25th of November. 

We met with fome Calms, and fome violent 
Winds, which neverthelefs carry'd us in Sight 
of the Ifland of Cuba^ on the 30th of the fame 
Month, and it then bore from us N. W. There 
we alter'd our Courfe and (leer'd W. and by N. 
The 31(1, the Weather being fomewhat clofe, 
we loft Sight of that Ifland, then flood W. N. W. 
and the Sky clearing up, made an Obfervation 
at Noon, and found we were in 19 Degrees, 
45 Minutes of North Latitude ; by which we 
judg'd that the Currents had carry'd us off to 
Sea from the Ifland of Cuba. 

On the firft of December we difcover'd the 
Ifland Cayman. The 2d we fteer'd N. W. and by Cayman 
W. in order to come up with the Ifland of Cuba Ifland. 
in the Northern Latitude of 20 Degrees 32 Mi- 
nutes. The 3d we difcover'd the little Ifland of ijiand o/ 
PineSy lying clofe to Cuba. The 4th, we wea- Pines, 
ther'd a Point of that Ifland, and the Wind 
growing fcant, were forc'd to ply upon a Bowl- 
ing, and make feveral Trips till the 5 th at 
Night, when we anchor'd in a Creek, in 15 
Fathom Water, and continued there till the 
8 th. 

During that fliort Stay, Monfieur de la Sale 
went Afliore with feveral Gentlemen of his Re- 
tinue on the Ifland o{ Pines, fliot an Alligator 
dead, and returning Aboard, perceiv'd he had 
loft two of his Voluntiers, who had wander'd 

into 



1 2 Monjteur de la S a l eV Second Voyage 

Dec. 1684 into the Woods, and perhaps loft their Way. 

^'^^•^ We fired feveral Mufquet Shots to call them, 
which they did not hear, and I was order' d to 
expe6t them afhore, with 30 Mufquetiers to 
attend me. They return'd the next Morning 
with much Trouble. 

In the mean Time, our Soldiers, who had 

All? / good Stomachs, boil'd and eat the Alligator, 

eaten. Monfieur de la Sale had kill'd. The Flefh of it was 

white and had a Tafte of Musk, for which Rea- 
fon I could not eat it. One of our Hunters 
kill'd a wild Swine, which the Inhabitants of 
thofe I Hands call Mar on. There are of them 

WldS ' ^^ ^^ Ifland of Santo Domingo^ or Hifpaniola^ 
they are of the Breed of thofe the Spaniards left 
in the I Hands when they firft difcover'd them, 
and run wild in the Woods. I fent it to Mon- 
fieur de la Sale, who prefented the one Half to 
Monfieur de Beaujeu. 

I^and of That Ifland is all over very thick wooded, 

the Trees being of feveral Sorts, and fome of 
them bear a Fruit refembling the Acorn, but 
harder. There are Abundance of Parrots, lar- 
ger than thofe at Petit Gouave, a great Number 
of Turtle Doves and other Birds, and a Sort 
of Creatures refembling a Rat, but as big as a 
Cat, their Hair reddifh. Our Men kill'd many 
of them and fed heartily on them, as they did 
on a good Quantity of Fifli, wherewith that 
Coaft abounds. 

We imbark'd again, as foon as the two Men 
who had ftray'd were return'd, and on the 8th; 
being the Feaft of the Conception of the Blefled 
Virgin, fail'd in the Morning, after having 
heard Mafs, and the Wind fliifting were forc'd 
to fteer feveral Courfes. The 9th we difcover'd 

Cape 



Into NORTH AMERICA. 13 

Cape CorrienteSy of the Ifland of Cuba \ where we Dec. 1684 
were firfl becalm'd; and then follow'd a ftormy ^-''^vXj 
Wind, which carried us away five Leagues to ?^^^ p^P^^ 
the Eaftward. The loth we fpent the Night, ^ °^"T"c-, 
making feveral Trips, i he nth, the Wind Antony, 
coming about, we weather'd Cape Corrientes^ to 
make that of St. Antony \ and at length, after 
plying a confiderable Time, and founding, we 
came to an Anchor the 12th, upon good Ground, 
in fifteen Fathom Water, in the Creek form'd 
by that Cape, which is in 22 Degrees of North 
Latitude and 288 Degrees 2S Minutes of Lon- 
gitude. 

We ftay'd there only till next Day, being the 
13th, when the Wind feem'd to be favourable 
to enter upon the Bay of Mexico. We made 
ready and fail'd, (leering N. W. and by N. and 
N. N. W. to weather the faid Cape and profe- 
cute our Voyage: But by that Time we were 
five Leagues from the Place of our Departure, 
we perceiv'd the Wind Ihifted upon us, and not 
knowing which Way the Currents fate, we 
flood E. and by N, and held that Courfe till 
the 14th, when Monfieur de Beaujeu^ who was 
aboard the Joly, join'd us again, and having 
confer'd with Monfieur de la Sale about the 
Wind's being contrary, propofed to him to re- 
turn to Cape St. Antony, to which Monfieur de 
la Sale confented, to avoid giving him any Caufe 
to complain, tho' there was no great Occafion 
for fo doing, and accordingly we went and an- 
chor'd in the Place from whence we came. 

The next Day, being the 15th, Monfieur de 
la Sale fent fome Men afliore, to try whether 
we could fill fome Casks with Water. They 
brought Word, they had found fome in the 

Wood, 



14 Monfieur de la Sale^j- Second Voyage 

Dec. 1684 Wood, which was not much amifs, but that 

^''^'^ there was no Conveniency for rowling of the 

Casks; for which Reafon Rundlets were fent, 

and as much Water brought in them, as fill'd 

fix or feven of our Water Casks. 

The fame Men reported, that they had found 

a glafs Bottle, and in it a little Wine, or fome 

other Liquor, almofl: dead. This was all the 

Provifion we found in that Place, by which it 

Miftake in appears, how much Monfieur I'onti was mifin- 

Monfieur form'd, fince in his Book, Fag. 1^1^ he fays, 

Tonti's ^g found in that Ifland feveral Tun of Spanijh 

thisFoya^e. ^^^^j good Brandy and Indian Wheat, which 

the Spaniards had left or abandon'd; and it is a 

meer Invention without any Thing of Truth. 

The 1 6th, the Weather being ftill Calm, the 
Men went afliore again for five or fix more 
Casks of Water. I was to have gone with them, 
had not an Indifpofition, which I firft felt in 
the Ifland of Pines, and afterwards turn'd to a 
tertian Ague, prevented me. Therefore I can 
give no Account of that Ifland, any further 
than what I could fee from the Ships, which 
was Abundance of that Sort of Palm-Trees, in 
French call'd Lataniers, fit for nothing but 
making of Brooms, or fcarce any other Ufe. 
That day we faw fome Smoaks, far within the 
Ifland, and guefs'd they might be a Signal of 
the Number of our Ships, or elfe made by fome 
of the Country Hunters, who had loft their 
Way. 

The next Night preceding the 17th, the 
Wind freflining from the N. W. and ftarting 
up all on a fudden, drove the Vefi'el call'd la 
Belle upon her Anchor, fo that flie came foul of 
the Boltfprit of the Aimable, carrying away the 

Sprit- 



into NORTH AMERICA. 15 

Spritfail-Yard and the Spritfail-Top-Sail-Yard, ^^^- 1684 
and had not they immediately veer'd out the ^^'^^^ 
Cable of the Aimable., the VefTel la Belle would 
have been in danger of perifhing, but efcap'd 
with the Lofs of her Mizen, which came by the 
Board, and of about a hundred Fathoms of 
Cable and an Anchor. 

The 1 8th, the Wind being frefh, we made 
ready, and fail'd about Ten in the Morning, 
(landing North and N. and by JV. and held our 
Courfe till Noon; the Point of Cape St.Anthony 
bearing Eajf and JVeJJ with us, and fo continu'd 
fleering North-Weft^ till the 19th at Noon, when 
we found our felves in the Latitude of 22 De- 
grees 58 minutes Norths and in 287 Degrees 
54 Minutes Longitude. 

Finding the Wind fhifting from one Side to 
another, we diredied our Courfe feveral Ways, 
but that which prov'd advantageous to us, was 
the fair Weather, and that was a great Help, 
fo that fcarce a Day pafs'd without taking an 
Obfervation. 

The 20th, we found the Variation of the Needle 
was 5 Degrees Wefl^ and we were in 26 Degrees 
40 Minutes of North Latitude and 285 Degrees 
16 Minutes Longitude. The 23 th it grew very 
cloudy, which threaten'd ftormy Weather, and 
we prepar'd to receive it, but came off only 
with the Apprehenfion, the Clouds difperfing 
feveral Ways, and we continu'd till the 27th in 
and about 28 Degrees 14 Minutes, and both 
by the Latitude and Eftimation it was judg'd, 
that we were not far from Land. 

The Bark call'd la Belle was fent out to 
difcover and keep before, founding all the Way; 
and half an Hour before Sun-set, we faw the 

Veffel 



1 6 Monfteur de la Sale'j- Second Voyage 

Dec. 1684 VefTel la Belle put out her Colours and lie by 
^''^'^^ for us. Being come up with her, the Mafler 
told us, he had found an Owzy Bottom at 
thirty two Fathom Water. At eight of the 
Clock we founded alfo, and found forty Fa- 
thom, and at ten, but twenty five. About 
Midnight, la Belle founding again, found only 
feventeen, which being a Demonftration of the 
Nearness of the Land, we lay by for the Joly^ 
to know what Monfieur de Beaujeu defign'd, 
who being come up, lay by with us. 

The 27th, Monfieur de Beaujeu fent the Che- 
valier d' Aire^ his Lieutenant, and two Pilots to 
Monfieur de la Sale^ to conclude upon the Courfe 
we were to fleer, and it was agreed we fhould 
(land Weft North Weft till we came into fix 
Fathom Water; that then we ftiould run Weft, 
and when we had difcover'd the Land, Boats 
ftiould be fent to view the Country. Matters 
being thus agreed on, we fail'd again, founding 
all the Way for the more Security, and about 
ten, were in ten or eleven Fathom Water, the 
Bottom fine greyifti Sand and owzy. At Noon, 
were in 26 Degrees 37 Minutes of North La- 
titude. 

The 28 th, being in eight or nine Fathom 
Water, we perceiv'd the Bark la Belle, which 
kept a Head of us, put out her Colours, which 
was the Signal of her having difcover'd Some- 
thing. A Sailor was fent up to the Main-Top, 
who defcry'd the Land, to the N. E. not above 
fix Leagues Diftance from us, which being told 
to Monfieur de Beaujeu, he thought fit to come 
to an Anchor. 

There being no Man among us who had any 
Knowledge of that Bay, where we had been 

told 



mfo NORTH AMERICA. 17 

told the Currents were ftrong, and fate fwiftly ■O^'^- 1684 
to the EaJJwardj it made us fufped: that we *"*''>«^ 
were fallen off, and that the Land we faw mufl 
be the Bay of Apalache^ which oblig'd us on 
the 29th to fleer JV. N. W. dill keeping along 
the Land, and it was agreed that the Joly fhould 
follow us in fix Fathom Water. 

The 30th, the Chevalier d' Aire and the fe- 
cond Pilot of the Joly came aboard us to con- 
fer and adjufl: by our Recknings what Place 
we might be in, and they all agreed, according 
to Monfieur de la Sale's Opinion, that the Cur- Currents. 
rents had fet us to the Eaftward^ for which Rea- 
fon we held on our Courfe, as we had done the 
Day before to the N. W. keeping along the 
Shore till the firfl of January 1685. when we 
perceiv'd that the Currents forc'd us towards 
the Land, which oblig'd us to come to an An- 
chor in fix Fathom Water. 

We had not been there long, before the Bark la 
Belle made a Signal that (he had difcover'd 
Land, which we defcry'd at about 4 Leagues 
Diftance from us. Notice was given to Mon- 
fieur de Beaujeu^ who drew near to us, and it was 
refolv'd to fend fome Perfon to difcover and 
take an Account of the Land that appear'd 
to us. 

Accordingly a Boat was man'd, and into it 
went Monfieur de la Sale, the Chevalier de Aire 
and feveral others ; another Boat was alfo put 
out, aboard which I went with Ten or Twelve 
of our Gentlemen, to join Monfieur de la Sale 
and the Bark la Belle was order' d to follow al- 
ways keeping along the Shore ; to the End that 
if the Wind fhou'd rife, we might get aboard 
her, to lofe no Time. 

C Some 



1 8 Monfieur de la S a l e'j Second Voyage 

Jan. 1685 Some of thofe who were in Monfieur de la 

^^^""'^^''^ Sale's Boat, and the foremoft, went aftiore and 

Fir/t Lan- ^^w a fpacious plain Country of much Failure 

ding. Ground ; but had not the Leifure to make any 

particular Difcovery, because the Wind frefh- 

ning, they were oblig'd to return to their 

Boat, to come aboard again ; which was the 

Reafon why we did not go quite up to the Shore, 

but return'd with them to our Ship. All that 

could be taken Notice of was a great Quantity 

of Wood along the Coaft. We took an Ob- 

fervation and found 29 Degrees 10 Minutes of 

North Latitude. 

The Second, there arofe a Fog, which made us 
lofe Sight of the Joly. The next Day, the 
Weather clearing up, we fir'd fome Cannon- 
fhot and the Joly anfwer'd, and towards the 
Evening we perceiv'd her to the Windward of 
us. We held on our Courfe, making feveral 
Trips till the Fourth in the Evening, when be- 
ing in Sight and within two Leagues of the 
Land, we came to an Anchor to expe6t the Joly^ 
for which we were in Pain. 
Monfieur The Fifth, we fet Sail and held on our Courfe 
Joutel /5^- j^^ ^^ j^^ keeping along the Shore till about Six 

r ' the Evening, when we flood away to the 

was one of , ° 1 , i -vt- 1 • r t-- 1 

the Mouths Southward and anchor d at JN ight m tix r atnom 

of the Mif- Water. The Sixth, we would have made ready 
fifipi. See to fail, but the Pilot perceiving, that the Sea 
^^S ^^l^' b^o^^ aflern of us, and that there were fome 
'^fllo 7 ^ Shoals, it was thought proper to continue at 
Anchor, till the Wind chang'd, and we accor- 
dingly (laid there the Sixth and all the Seventh. 
The Eighth the Wind veering about, we flood 
out a little to Sea, to avoid thofe Shoals, which 
are very dangerous, and anchor' d again a League 

from 



info NORTH AMERICA. 19 

from thence. Upon Advice, that the Bark /a 7^"- 1685 
Be/k had dilcover'd a fmall Ifland, which ap- ^•'''VNJ 
pear'd between the two Points of a Bay, Mon- 
fieur Je la Sale fent a Man up to the round Top, 
from whence both the one and the other were 
plainly to be feen, and according to the Sea 
Charts we had with us, that was fuppos'd to be 
the Bay of the Holy Ghojf. 

The Ninth, Monfieur de la Sale^ fent to view 
thofe Shoals. Thofe who went reported there 
was a fort of Bank, which runs along the Coaft ; 
that they had been in one Fathom Water and 
difcover'd the little Ifland before-mention'd, 
and as for the Sand Bank there is no fuch 
thing mark'd down in the Charts. Monfieur 
de la Sale having examin'd the Recknings, was 
confirm'd in his Opinion, that we were in the 
Bay of Apalache^ and caus'd us to continue the 
fame Courfe. 

The Tenth, he took an Obfervation and found 
29 Degrees 23 Minutes North Latitude. The 
eleventh, we were becalm'd, and Monfieur de 
la Sale refolv'd to go afliore, to endeavour to 
difcover what he was looking for ; but as we 
were making ready, the Pilot began to mutter 
becaufe five or fix of us were going with Mon- 
fieur de la Sale, who too lightly alter'd his De- 
fign, to avoid giving Offence to brutifli People. 
In that Particular he committed an irretrieve- 
able Error ; for it is the Opinion of Judicious 
Men, who, as well as I, faw the reft of that 
Voyage, that the Mouth of one of the Branches 
of the Mijfijtpi River, and the fame whofe La- 
titude Monfieur de la Sale had taken, when he 
travel!' d to it from Canada^ was not far from 

C 2 that 



20 Monfieur de la S a l e'j- Second Voyage 

Jan. 1685 that Place, and that we muft of NecefTity be 

^"^^^^ near the Bay of the Holy Ghojf. 
Monfieur It was Monfieur de la Sales Defign to find that 

de\^ Sale'j g^^.^ ^j^^^ having found it, he had refolv'd to 
^ '^ ^' have fet afliore about thirty Men, who were to 
have follow'd the Coafl on the Right and Left, 
which would infallibly have difcover'd to him 
that fatal River, and have prevented many 
Misfortunes ; but Heaven refus'd him that 
Succefs, and even made him regardlefs of an 
Affair of fuch Consequence, fince he was fatis- 
fy'd with fending thither the Pilot, with one 
of the Mafters of the Bark la Belle^ who re- 
turn'd without having feen any Thing, becaufe 
a fog happen'd to rife ; only the Mafter of 
the Bark faid he believ'd there was a River 
oppofite to thofe Shoals, which was very likely, 
and yet Monfieur de la Sale took no Notice of 
it, nor made any Account of that Report. 

The Twelfth, the Wind being come about 
we weigh'd and directed our Courfe S. W. to 
get further from the Land. By an Obferva- 
tion found 25 Degrees 50 Minutes North La- 
titude, and the Wind fiiifting, and the Cur- 
rents, which fet from the Seaward driving 
us afiiore, it was found convenient to anchor 
in four or five Fathom Water, where we 
fpent all the Night. 

The Thirteenth, we perceiv'd our Water 
began to fall fliort, and therefore it was requi- 
fite to go afliore to fill fome Casks. Monfieur 
de la Sale propos'd it to me to go and fee it 
perform 'd, which I accepted of, with fix of 
our Gentlemen who offer'd their Service. We 
went into the Boat, with our Arms, the Boat 
belonging to the Bark la Belle follow'd ours, 

with 



/W^ NORTH AMERICA. 21 

with five or fix Men, and we all made diredly J^^- 1685 
for the Land. V-^"V^O 

We were very near the Shoar, when we dif- 
cover'd a number of naked Men marching a- 
long the Banks, whom we fuppos'd to be na- 
tive Savages. We drew within two Musket 
Shots of the Land, and the Shore being flat, the 
Wind fetting from the Offing, and the Sea 
running high, dropt our Anchors, for Fear of 
(laving our Boats. 

When the Savages perceiv'd we had ftopp'd, 
they made Signs to us with Skins, to go to 
them, fhew'd us their Bows, which they laid Savages 
down upon the Ground, and drew near to the came to the 
Edge of the Shore; but becaufe we could not ^o^t- 
get Alliore, and (till they continued their Sig- 
nals, I put my Handkerchief on the End of 
my Firelock, after the Manner of a Flag, and 
made Signs to them to come to us. They 
were fome Time confidering of it, and at laft 
fome of them ran into the Water up to their 
Shoulders, till perceiving that the Waves over- 
whelm'd them, they went out again, fetch'd a 
large Piece of Timber, which they threw into 
the Sea, plac'd themfelves along both Sides of 
it, holding fad to it with one Arm, and fwim- 
ing with the other; and in that Manner they 
drew near to our Boat. 

Being in Hopes that Monfr. de la Sale, might 
get fome Information from thofe Savages, we 
made no Difficulty of taking them into our Boat, 
one after another, on each Side, to the Number 
of five, and then made Signs to the reft to go 
to the other Boat, which they did, and we car- earned 
ry'd them on Board. Aboard, 

C 3 Mon- 



Jan. 1685 



22 Monjieur de la Sale'/ Second Voyage 

Monfieur de la Sale was very well pleas'd to 
fee them, imagining they might give him fome 
Account of the River he fought after ; but to no 
Purpofe, for he fpoke to them in feveral of the 
Languages of the Savages, which he knew, and 
made many Signs to them, but flill they under- 
(lood not what he meant, or if they did com- 
prehend any thing, they made Signs, that they 
knew nothing of what he ask'd; fo that having 
made them fmoak and eat, we fhewed them 
our Arms and the Ship, and when they faw at 
one End of it fome Sheep, Swine, Hens and 
Turkeys, and the Hide of a Cow we had kill'd, 
they made Signs that they had of all thofe Sorts 
of Creatures among them. 

We gave them fome Knives and Strings of 
Return A- Beads, after which, they were difmifs'd, and 
Jbore with ^^ Waves hindring us from coming too near 
the Shore, they were oblig'd to leap into the 
Water, after we had made faft about their 
Necks, or to the Tuft of Hair they have on 
the Top of the Head, the Knives and other 
fmall Prefents Monfieur de la Sale had given 
them. 

They went and join'd the others who expelled 
them, and were making Signs to us to go to 
them; but not being able to make the Shore, 
we flood off again and return'd to our Ship. 
It is to be obferved, that when we were carrying 
them back, they made fome Signs to us, by 
which we conceiv'd they would fignify to us 
that there was a great River that Way we 
were pafs'd, and that it occafion'd the Shoals 
we had feen. 



Gifts. 



The 



into NORTH AMERICA. 



23 



Bulloch. 



The Wind changing, the fame Day, we J'in- 1685 
weigh'd Anchor and ftood to the Southward, ^-^'''"V^^ 
to get into the Offing, till the 14th in the Morn- 
ing, when we were becalm'd. At Noon, we 
were in 28 Degrees 51 Minutes of North Lati- 
tude. The Wind frefhned, and in the Evening 
we held on our Courfe, but only for a fhort 
Time, becaufe the Wind fetting us towards the 
Shore, we were obliged to anchor again, where- 
upon Monfieur de la Sale again refolved to fend 
Afhore, and the fame Perfons imbark'd in the 
fame Boats to that efFed. 

We met with the fame Obflacles, that had 
hinder'd us the Day before, that is, the High- 
Sea, which would not permit us to come near ^°^^^ '^"^ 

11 1 11*1 A 1 • D„/7^-i, 

the Shore, and were obliged to drop Anchor m 
fourteen Foot Water. The Sight of Abundance 
of Goats and Bullocks, differing in Shape, from 
ours, and running along the Coast, heighten'd 
our Earneftnefs to be Afhore. We therefore 
founded to fee whether we might get to Land 
by Stripping, and found we were on a Flat, 
which had four Foot Water, but that beyond 
it there was a deep Channel. Whilfl we were 
confulting what to do, a Storm arofe, which 
oblig'd Monfieur de la Sale to fire a Gun for us 
to return Aboard, which we did againfl our 
Inclination. 

Monfieur de la Sale was pleas'd with the Re- 
port we made him, and by it, feveral were en- 
couraged to go Afhore to hunt, that we might 
have fome frefh Meat. We fpent all that Night, 
till the next Morning, in Hopes of returning 
foon to that Place; but the Wind changing, 
forc'd us to weigh and fail till the Evening, 
when we drop'd Anchor in fix Fathom Water. 
C 4 The 



24 Monjteur de la S a l e*j- Second Voyage 

Jan. 1685 The Land which we never departed from very 
^^^^t^ far, appear'd to us very pleafant, and having 
lain there till the i6th, that Morning we fail'd 
tV. S. W. We weather' d a Point, keeping a large 
Offing, becaufe of the Sea's beating upon it, 
and flood to the Southward. At Noon, we 
were in 28 Degrees 20 Minutes of North Lati- 
tude, and confequently found the Latitude de- 
clin'd, by which we were fenfible, that the 
Coafl tendred to the Southward. At Night we 
anchor'd in fix Fathom Water. 

The 17 th, the Wind continuing the fame, 
we held on our Courfe S. W. and having 
about Ten difcover'd a Sort of River, Monfieur 
de la Sale caus'd Ten of us to go into a Boat, 
to take a View of that Coafl, and fee whether 
there was not fome Place to land. He order'd 
me, in Cafe we found any convenient Place, to 
give him Notice either by Fire or Smoke. 

We fet out, and found the Shoals obflruded 
our Defcent. One of our Men went naked into 
the Water to found that Sand Bank, which lay 
between us and the Land ; and having fhewn 
us a Place where we might Pafs, we, with much 
Difficulty, forc'd our Boat into the Channel, 
and fix or feven of us landed, after ordering the 
Boat to go up into that which had appeared to 
us to be a River, to fee whether any frefh Wa- 
ter could be found. 

As foon as we were landed, I made a Smoke 
to give Notice to Monfieur de la Sale^ and then 
we advanc'd both Ways, without flragling too 
far, that we might be ready to receive Monfr. 
de la Sakj who was to come, as he did, foon 
after, but finding the Surges run high, he re- 
turn' d 



Second 
landing. 



into NORTH AMERICA. 25 

turn'd, and our Boat finding no frefh Water, J^"- 1685 
came back and anchor'd to wait for us. ^-0<^V) 

We walked about every Way, and found a 
dry Soil, tho' it feem'd to be overflow'd at fome 
Times; great Lakes of fait Water, little Grafs, 
the Track of Goats, on the Sand, and faw Herds 
of them, but could not come near them, how- 
ever we kill'd fome Ducks and Buftards. In the 
Evening, as we were returning, we mifs'd an 
Englilli Seaman, fir'd feveral Shot to give him 
Notice, fearched all about, waited till after 
Sunfet, and at lafl: hearing no Tidings of him, 
we went into the Boat to return Aboard. 

I gave Monfieur de la Sale an Account of 
what we had feen, which would have pleas'd 
him, had the River we difcover'd, afforded frefh 
Water: He was alfo uneafy for the loft Man; 
but about Midnight we faw a Fire Afhore, in 
the Place we came from, which we fupos'd to 
be made by our Man, and the Boat went for him 
as foon as it was day on the i8th. 

After that, we made feveral Trips, ftill 
fteering towards the S. W. and then enfued a 
Calm, which oblig'd us to come to an Anchor. 
Want of Water made us think of returning 
towards the River, where we had been the Day 
before. Monfr. de la Sale refolved to fet a 
confiderable Number of Men Aftiore, with fuf- 
ficient Ammunition, and to go with them him- 
felf, to difcover and take Cognizance of that 
Country, and order'd me to follow him. Ac- 
cordingly we fail'd back, and came to an An- 
chor in the fame Place. 

All things neceftary for that End being or- 
der'd on the 19th, Part of the Men were put 
into a Boat; but a very thick Fog rifing, and 

taking 



26 

Jan, 1685 



Command- 
ers at Va- 



Monfieur de la S a l e 'j- Second Voyage 

taking away the Sight of Land, the Compafs 
was made ufe of, and the fog difperfmg as we 
drew near the Land, we perceiv'd a Ship mak- 
ing diredly towards us, and that it was the 
Joly^ where Monfr. de Beaujeu commanded, 
which rejoic'd us, but our Satisfa6tion was not 
lafting, and it will appear by the Sequel, that 
it were to have been wifhed, that Monfieur de 
Beaujeu had not joyn'd us again, but that he had 
rather gone away for France^ without ever fee- 
ing of us. 

His Arrival difconcerted the Execution of 
our Enterprize. Monfr. de la Sale^ who was 
already on his Way, and thofe who were gone 
before him, return'd Aboard, and fome Hours 
after, Monfr. de Beaujeu fent his Lieutenant, 
Monfr. de Aire, attended by feveral Perfons, as 
well Clergymen as others, among whom was 
the Sieur Gabaret, fecond Pilot of the Joly. 

Monfieur d^ Aire complain'd grievoufly to 
Monfieur de la Sale, in the Name of Monfr. de 
Beaujeu, for that faid he, we had left him defign- 
edly; which was not true, for as I have faid, 
the Joly lay at Anchor A-head of us, when we 
were feparated from her; we fired a Gun to give 
her Notice of our Departure, as had been con- 
certed, and Monfr. de Beaujeu anfwer'd it; be- 
fides that, if we had intended to feparate from 
him, we fliould not have always held our Courfe 
in Sight of Land, as we had done, and that had 
Monfieur de Beaujeu held the fame Courfe, 
as had been agreed, he had not been feparated 
from us. 

There were afterwards feveral Difputes be- 
tween the Captains and the Pilots, as well 
Aboard Monfieur </<? /^^ Sale, as Aboard Monfieur 

de 



into NORTH AMERICA. 27 

de BeaujeUj when thofe Gentlemen return'd, a- Jan- 1685 
bout fettling exadly the Place we were in, and ^'^^^t^j 
the Courfe we were to fteer; fome pofitively 
affirming we were farther than we imagined, and 
that the Currents had carry'd us away; and 
others, that we were near the Magdalen Ri- 
ver. 

The former of thofe Notions prevail'd. They pafs 
whence, upon Refledlion, Monfieur de la Sale the Mouth 
concluded, that he mud be pad his River, 'f^^/^'^' 
which was but too true; for that River empty- ^'P'' 
ing it felf in the Sea by two Channels, it fol- 
low'd that one of the Mouths fell about the 
Shoals we had obferv'd the fixth of the Month ; 
and the rather becaufe thofe Shoals were very 
near the Latitude that Monfieur de la Sale had 
obferv'd, when he came by the way of Cana- 
da to difcover the Mouth of that River, as he 
told me feveral Times. 

This Confideration prevail'd with Monfieur 
de la Sale to propofe his Defign of returning to- 
wards thofe Shoals. He gave his Reafons for 
fo doing and expofed his Doubts; but his ill 
Fortune made him not be regarded. Our Paf- 
fage had taken up more Time than had been ex- 
pelled, by Reafon of the Calms; there was a 
confiderable Number of Men aboard the Joly, 
and Provifions grew fhort, infomuch that they 
faid it would not hold out to return, if our De- 
parture were delay'd. For this Reafon Mon- 
fieur de Beaujeu demanded Provifions of Mon- 
fieur de la Sale-, but he asking enough for a long 
Time, Monfieur de la Sale anfwer'd, he could 
only give him enough for a Fortnight, which 
was more Time than was requifite to reach the 
Place he intended to return to ; and that befides 

he 



28 Monfieur de la S a l e'j- Second Voyage 

Jan. 1685 he could not give him more Provifions, without 
^"^^^^^ rummaging all the Stores to the Bottom of the 
Hold, which would endanger his being cafl 
away. Thus nothing was concluded, and Mon- 
fieur de Beaujeu return'd to his own Ship. 

In the mean Time, Want of Water began to 
J^'^f pinch us, and Monfieur de la Sale refolv'd to 

^" ^"^' fend to look for fome about the next River. Ac- 
cordingly he order'd the two Boats that had 
been made ready the Day before, to go off. He 
was aboard one of them himfelf, and dired:ed 
me to follow him. Monfieur de Beaujeu alfo 
commanded his Boat to go for Wood. By the 
Way we met the faid Sieur de Beaujeu in his 
Yaul, returning from Land, with the Sieur 
Minet, an Ingenier, who told us, they had been 
in a Sort of fait Pool, two or three Leagues 
from the Place where the Ships were at Anchor, 
we held on our Way and landed. 

One of our Boats, which was gone ahead of 
us, had been a League and a half up the River, 
without finding any frefli Water in its Channel; 
but fome Men wandering about to the right 
and left, had met with divers Rivulets of very 
good Water, wherewith many Casks were 
fill'd. 

We lay afliore, and our Hunters having that 
Day kill'd good Store of Ducks, Buftards and 
Teal, and the next Day two Goats, Monfieur 
de la Sale fent Monfieur de Beaujeu Part. We 
feafted upon the refl:, and that good Sport 
put feveral Gentlemen that were then aboard 
Monfieur de Beaujeu^ among whom were Mon- 
fieur du Hamely the Enfign and the King's Clerk, 
upon coming afliore to partake of the Diverfi- 
on; but they took much Pains and were not 
fuccefsfull in their Sport. In 



/>//o NORTH AMERICA. 29 

In the mean Time many Casks were fill'd J^^*- 1685 
with Water, as well for our Ship as for Mon- ^■''^^J 
fieur de Beaujeus. Some Days after Monfieur 
d' Aire the Lieutenant, came afhore to confer 
with Monfieur de la Sale^ and to know how he 
would manage about the Provifions ; but both 
of them perfi fling in their firft: Propofals and 
Monfieur de la Sale perceiving that Monfieur de 
Beaujeu would not be fatisfied with Provifions 
for 15 Days, which he thought fufficient to go 
to the Place where he expected to find one of 
the Branches of the MiJJiftpi^ which he with 
good Reafon believ'd to be about the Shoals, I 
have before fpoken of, nothing was concluded 
as to that Affair. Monfieur d' Aire return'd to 
his Captain, and Monfieur de la Sale refolv'd to 
land his Men ; which could not be done for 
fome Days, becaufe of the foul Weather ; but 
in the mean Time we kill'd much Game. 

During this little Interval, Monfieur de la 
Sale being impatient to get fome Intelligence of 
what he fought after, refolv'd to go himfelf up- 
on Difcovery, and to feek out fome more ufeful 
and commodious River than that where they 
were. To this Purpofe he took five or fix of 
us along with him. We fet out one Morning 
in fo thick a Fog, that the hindmofl could not 
perceive the Track of the foremoll, fo that we 
lofl Monfieur de la Sale for fome Time. 

We travel' d till about three in the Afternoon, 
finding the Country for the moft Part Sandy, Account of 
little Grafs, no frefh Water, unlefs in fome the Country 
Sloughs, the Track of abundance of wild Goats, 
Lakes full of Ducks, Teals, Water-Hens, and 
having taken much Pains return'd without Suc- 
cefs. 

The 



30 Monfteur de la Sale'j- Second Voyage 

Jan. 1685 The next Morning, Monfieur de la Sale's In- 
^"^'^t^ dian^ going about to find wild Goats, came to 
a Lake, which had a little Ice upon it, the 
Weather being cold, and Abundance of Fi{h dy- 
ing about the Edges of it. He came to inform 
us, we went to make our Provifion of them, there 
were fome of a prodigious Magnitude, and a- 
mong the reft extraordinary large Trouts, or 
elfe they were fome Sort of Fifh very like them. 
We caufed fome of each of a Sort to be boil'd in 
fait Water, and found them very good. Thus 
having Plenty of Fifh and Flefh, we began to 
ufe ourfelves to eat them both, without Bread. 

Whilft we liv'd thus eafy enough, Monfieur 
de la Sale expedied with Impatience to know 
what Refolution Monfieur de Beaujeu would 
take ; that he might either go to the Place, 
where he expeded to find the Mijfiftpi^ or follow 
fome other Courfe ; but at laft, perceiving that 
his Affairs did not advance, he refolv'd to put 
his own Defign in Execution, the Purport where- 
of was to land one hundred and twenty, or 
one hundred and thirty Men to go along the 
Coaft and continue it, till they had found fome 
other River, and that at the fame Time the Bark 
la Belle fhould hold the fame Courfe at Sea, ftill 
keeping along the Coaft, to relieve thofe Afhore 
in Time of Need. 

He gave me and Monfieur Moranget, his 
Nephew, the Command of that fmall Compa- 
ny, he furnifh'd us with all Sorts of Provifions 
for eight, or ten Days, as alfo Arms, Tools and 
Utenfils we might have Occafion for, of which 
every Man made his Bundle. He alfo gave us 
written Inftrudions of what we were to do, the 

Signals 



into NORTH AMERICA. 31 

Signals we were to make; and thus we fet out ^^'^- 1685 
on the Fourth of February. ^-^'^vNj 

We took our Way along the Shore. Our j, . 
firfl: Day's Journey was not long, we encamp'd ^^ ia„d 
on a little rifing Ground, heard a Cannon fhot, to difco- 
which made us uneafy, made the Signals that ^^'"• 
had been appointed, and the next Day, being 
the 5th, we held on our March, Monfieur Mo- 
ranget bringing up the Rear, and I leading the 
Van. 

I will not fpend Time in relating feveral per- 
fonal Accidents, inconfiderable in themfelves, 
or of no Confequence, the mod confiderable of 
them being the Want of frefh Water ; but 
will proceed to fay, that after three Days 
March we found a great River, where we halt- 
ed and made the Signals agreed on, encamping 
on a commodious Spot of Ground till we could 
hear of the Boat, which was to follow us, or of 
our Ships. 

But our Provifions beginning to fall fhort, 
and none of our Ships appearing, being befides 
apprehenfive of fome unlucky Accident oc- 
cafion'd by the Difagreement between Mon- 
fieur de la Sale and Monfr. de Beaujeu^ the Chief 
of our Company came together to know what 
Refolution we fhould take. It was agreed, that 
we fhould fpare our Provifions to endeavour to 
go on to fome Place where we might find Bul- 
locks ; but it was requifite to crofs the River, 
and we knew not how, becaufe we were too 
many of us, and therefore it was decreed to 
fet fome Carpenters there were among us at 
Work to build a little Boat, which took them 
up the eleventh and twelfth of February. 

The 



ver. 



32 Monfteur de la S ale'j- Second Voyage 

Feb. 1685 The 13th, we were put out of our Pain by 
^'''^'^ two VefTels we difcover'd at Sea, which we 
knew to be the Joly and la Belle^ to whom we 
made our Signals with Smoke. They came not 
in then, becaufe it was late, but the next Day 
being the 14th in the Morning, the Boat, with 
the Sieur Barbier and the Pilot of the Bark la 
Belle come up, and both founded the Mouth of 
the River. 

They found on the Bar, from ten to twelve 
Foot Water, and within it from five to fix 
A fine Rt- jT^thom ; the Breadth of the River being about 
half a Quarter of a League. They founded 
near the Ifland, which lies between the two 
Points of the Bay, and found the fame Depth. 
The Boat of the Joly came and founded on the 
other Side of the Channel, and particularly a- 
long the Shoals, I know not to what Purpofe. 
The fame Day, Monfieur de la Sale, for whom 
we were much in Pain, came alfo, and as foon 
as he arrived, he caus'd the Boat to be laden 
with fuch Provifions as we flood in Need of, 
but the Wind being contrary, it could not 
come to us till the next Day, being the 15th. 

That fame Day, Monfr. de la Sale came Afhoar 
to view the Place and examine the Entrance 
into the River, which he found to be very 
good. Having confider'd all Particulars, he re- 
folv'd to fend in the Bark la Belle and 1' Aimable, 
that they might be under Shelter, to which 
Purpofe, he order' d to found, and to know whe- 
ther thofe two Vefi^els could both come in that 
fame Day. Monfieur de Beaujeu caus'd alfo the 
Place to be founded, and lay Aflioar on the o- 
ther Side of the River, where he took Notice 
there were Vines which run up the Trees, like 

our 



<^^\r\) 



/>7/o NORTH AMERICA. 33 

our Wall Vines, fome Woods and the CarcafTes ^eS^ 1^85 
of Bullocks, which he fuppofed to have died 
with Third:. 

The 1 6th, the Pilots of the Jofyy FAimable 
and la Belle, went again to found, they found 
the Entrance eafy, and gave it under their 
Hands. The 17th, they fix'd Stakes to mark 
out the Way, that the Veflels might come fafe 
in. All Things feem'd to promife a happy 
Event. 

The 1 8 th, the Chevalier ^'y^/r*? came afhore, 
to confer with Monfieur de la Sale, who being 
defirous to have the Fly-boat V Aimable come in 
that Day, order'd the mod weighty Things in 
her to be unloaded, as the Cannon, the Iron 
and fome other Things. It was my good Fortune 
that my Chefl flood in the Way, and was alfo 
unloaded, but that Unlading could not be done 
till the next Day, being the 19th. That being 
perform'd, the Captain affirm'd it would go in 
at 8 Foot Water. 

The 20th, Monfieur de la Sale fent Orders to 
that Captain to draw near the Bar, and to 
come in at high Water, of which a Signal fhould 
be given him; he alfo order'd the Pilot of the 
Bark la Belle to go aboard the Fly boat, to be 
affifling when it came in. The Captain would 
not receive him aboard, faying, he could carry 
in his Ship without his Help. All thefe Pre- 
cautions prov'd of no Ufe; Monfieur </<? la Sale 
could not avert his ill Fate. He having taken 
Notice of a large Tree on the Bank of the Ri- 
ver, which he judg'd fit to make a Canoe, fent 
7 or 8 Workmen to hew it down, two of whom 
return'd fome Time after, in a great Fright, 
and told him, they had narrowly efcap'd being 

D taken 



34 

Feb. 1685 

A Company 
ofSavages. 



Their 

Friendly 
Behaviour. 



Monjteur de la S A l e*j" Second Voyage 

taken by a Company of Savages, and that they 
believ'd the others had fallen into their Hands. 
Monfieur de la Sale order'd us immediately to 
handle our Arms, and to march with Drums 
beating towards the Savages, who feeing us in 
that Poflure, fac'd about and went off. 

Monfieur de la Sale being defirous to join thofe 
Savages, to endeavour to get fome Information 
from them, order' d Ten of us to lay down our 
Arms and draw near them, making Signs to 
them, at the fame Time, to come to us. When 
they faw us in that Poftureand unarm'd, moft 
of them alfo laid down their Bows and Arrows 
and came to meet us, carrefling us after their 
Manner, and ftroaking firfl their own Breafls 
and then ours, then their own Arms and after- 
wards ours. By thefe Signs they gave us to un- 
derftand that they had a Friendlhip for us, 
which they exprefs'd by laying their Hands 
on their Hearts, and we did the fame on our 
Part. 

Six or feven of thofe Savages went along with 
us, and the refl: kept three of our Men, in the 
Nature of Hoflages. Thofe who went with us 
were made much of, but Monfieur de la Sale 
could learn nothing of them, either by Signs or 
otherwife; all they could make us underftand 
was, that there was good hunting of Bullocks 
in the Country. We obferv'd, that their Yea 
confifled in a Cry, fetch'd from the Bottom of 
the Throat, not unlike the Call of a Hen to 
gather her Chickens. Monfieur de la Sale gave 
them fome Knives, Hatchets and other Trifles, 
with which they feem'd well pleafed, and went 
away. 

Monfieur 



m/0 NORTH AMERICA. 35 

Monfieur de la Sale was glad to be rid of F^^- 1685 
thofe People, becaufe he was willing to be pre- ^"^''vVJ 
fent when the Flyboat came in; but his ill Fate 
would not permit it. He thought fit to go him- 
felf along with thofe Savages, and we follow'd 
him, thinking to have found our Men in the 
fame Place where we left them ; but perceiv'd on 
the Contrary, that the Savages had carried 
them away to their Camp, which was a League 
and half from us, and Monfieur de la Sablonniere^ 
Lieutenant of Foot, being one of thofe the Sa- 
vages had taken with them, Monfieur de la Sale 
resolved to go himfelf to fetch him away, an 
unhappy Thought which coft him dear. 

As we were on our Way towards the Camp 
of the Savages, happenning to look towards the 
Sea, we faw the Flyboat V Aimable under Sail, 
which the Savages who were with us admir'd, 
and Monfieur de la Sale obferving it narrowly, 
told us, thofe People fteer'd wrong, and were 
(landing towards the Shoals, which made him 
very uneafy, but flill we advanc'd. We arriv'd 
at the Camp of the Savages, which flood upon 1, "^ 
an Eminence, and confifled of about Fifty Cot- 
tages made of rufh Mats, and others of dry'd 
Skins, and built with long Poles, bow'd round 
at the Top, like great Ovens, and mod of the 
Savages fitting about, as if they were upon the 
Watch. 

We were (lill advancing into the Village, 
when he heard a Cannon Shot, the Noife 
whereof (Iruck fuch a Dread among the Savages, 
that they all fell flat upon the Ground; but 
Monfieur de la Sale and we were too fenfible it 
was a Signal that our Ship was aground, which 
was confirm'd by feeing them furl their Sails; 

D 1 however 



36 Monjieur de la S a l e'j- Second Voyage 

Fei.i6S^ However we were gone too far to return; our 
'*''''''^*^ Men mufl be had, and to that Purpofe, we mufl 
proceed to the Hut of the Commander in 
Chief 

As foon as we arrived there, Monfr. de la 
Sale was introduc'd; many of the Indian Wo- 
men came in, they were very deform'd and 
all naked, excepting a Skin girt about them, 
which hung down to their Knees. They would 
have led us to their Cottages, but Monfr. de la 
Sale had order'd us not to part, and to obferve 
whether the Indians did not draw together, fo 
that we kept together, (landing upon our Guard, 
and I was always with him. 

They brought us fome Pieces of Beef, both 
Their En- fj-gf}^ and dry'd in the Air and Smoke, and 
tertatn- Pieces of Porpois, which they cut with a Sort 
of Knife, made of Stone, fetting one Foot upon 
it, and holding with one Hand, whilft they cut 
with the other. We faw nothing of Iron a- 
mong them. They had given our Men, that 
came with them, to eat, and Monfr, de la Sale 
being extraordinary uneafy, we foon took Leave 
of them to return. At our going out, we ob- 
ferv'd about forty Canoes, fome of them like 
thofe Monfr. de la Sale had feen on the MiJJiJipi, 
which made him conclude he was not far from 
it. 

We foon arrived at our Camp, and found 
L' Aima- ^j-^g Misfortune, Monfr. de la Sale had appre- 
^ '^^J ^- hended, was but too certain. The Ship was 
ftranded on the Shoals. The ill Management 
of the Captain, or of the Pilot, who had not 
fleer'd by the Stakes placed for that Purpofe; 
the Cries of a Sailor polled on the Main-top, 
who cry'd amain, Loof, which was to (leer 

towards 



way 



into NORTH AMERICA. 37 

towards the Paflage marked out, whilll the FeLi6%t^ 
wicked Captain cry'd, Come no nearer^ which was ^^^*^^ 
to (leer the contrary Courfe; the fame Captain's 
Carelefnefs in not dropping his Anchor, as foon 
as the Ship touch'd, which would have pre- 
vented her flicking aground; the Folly of low- 
ering his Main-Sheet and hoilling out his Sprit- 
Sail, the better to fall into the Wind, and fe- 
cure the Shipwreck; the Captain's refufing to 
admit the Pilot of the Bark la Belle, whom Mon- 
fieur de la Sale had fent to affifl: him; the found- 
ing upon the Shoals to no Purpofe, and feve- 
ral other Circumflances reported by the Ship's 
Crew and thofe who faw the Management, 
were infallible Tokens and Proofs, that the 
Mifchief had been done defignedly and advife- 
ably, which was one of the blacked and mod 
deteftable Aftions that Man could be guilty 
of 

This Misfortune was fo much the greater, 
becaufe that Veffel contain' d almofl all the Am- 
munition, Utenfils, Tools and other NecelTaries 
for Monfr. de la Sale's Enterprize and Settle- 
ment. He had need of all his Refolution to 
bear up againfl it; but his Intrepidity did not 
forfake him, and he apply'd himfelf, without 
grieving, to Remedy what might be. All the 
Men were taken out of the Ship; he defir'd 
Monfieur de Beaujeu to lend him his long Boat, 
to help fave as much as might be. We be- 
gan with Powder and Meal. About thirty Hog- 
iheads of Wine and Brandy were faved, and 
Fortune being incens'd againft us, two Things 
contributed to the total Lofs of all the reft: 

D 7 The 



38 Monfieur de la S a l e'j- Second Voyage 

Fel>.i6Ss The firfl: was, that our Boat, which hung at 
^''^'^ the Stern of the Ship run A-ground, was maU- 
cioufly llav'd in the Night, (o that we had none 
left but Monfieur de Beaujeus. The fecond, 
that the Wind blowing in from the Offing, 
made the Waves run high, which beating vio- 
lently againft the Ship, fplit her, and all the 
light Goods were carry'd out at the opening, 
by the Water. This lafl Misfortune happen'd 
alfo in the Night. Thus every Thing fell out 
mod unhappily, for had that befallen in the 
Day, Abundance of Things might have been 
faved. 

Whilft we were upon this melancholly Em- 
ployment, about an hundred, or an hundred and 
twenty of the Natives came to our Camp, with 
their Bows and Arrows. Monfieur de la Sale 
order'd us to handle our Arms, and fland upon 
our Guard. About twenty of thofe Indians 
mix'd themfelves among us, to obferve what we 
had faved of the Shipwreck, upon which, there 
were feveral Sentinels, to let none come near 
the Powder. 

The reft of the Indians ftood in Parcels, or 
Pelotons. Monfr. de la Sale, who was acquaint- 
ed with their Ways, order'd us to obferve their 
Behaviour, and to take Nothing from them, 
which neverthelefs did not hinder fome of our 
Men from receiving fome Pieces of Meat. Some 
Time after, when the Indians were about de- 
parting, they made Signs to us to go a Hunt- 
ing with them ; but befides that, there was fuffi- 
cient Caufe to fufped: them, we had enough other 
Bufinefs to do. However we ask'd, whether they 
would barter for any of their Canoes, which 
they agreed to. The Sieur Barbier went along 

with 



/«/^ NORTH AMERICA. 39 

with them, purchas'd two for Hatchets and F^b. 1685 
brought them. ^•VNJ 

Some Days after, we perceiv'd a Fire in the 
Country, which fpread it felf and burnt the 
dry Weeds, Hill drawing towards us ; where- 
upon, Monfr. de la Sale made all the Weeds 
and Herbs that were about us, be puU'd up, and 
particularly all about the Place where the Pow- 
der was. Being defirous to know the Occafion 
of that Fire, he took about twenty of us along 
with him, and we march'd that Way, and even 
beyond the Fire, without feeing any Body. 
We perceiv'd that it run towards the fV. S. W. 
and judg'd it had begun about our firft Camp, 
and at the Village next the Fire. 

Having fpy'd a Cottage near the Bank of a 
Lake, we drew towards it, and found an old 
Woman in it, who fled as foon as fhe faw us; but 
having overtaken and given her to underftand, 
that we would do her no Harm, fhe return'd to 
her Cottage, where we found fome Pitchers of 
Water, of which we all drank. Some Time af- 
ter we faw a Canoe coming, in which were two 
Women and a Boy, who being landed, and 
perceiving we had done the old Woman no O^^ ^^l^- 
Harm, came and imbraced us in a very particu- ^^^^°^^' 
lar Manner, blowing upon our Ears and ma- 
king Signs to give us to underfland, that their 
People were a hunting. 

A few Minutes after, feven or eight of the 
Indians appeared, who, it is likely, had hid 
themfelves among the Weeds when they faw 
us coming. Being come up they faluted us, after 
the fame Manner, as the Women had done, 
which made us laugh. We (laid there fome 
Time with them. Some of our Men barter'd 

D 4 Knives 



o^WJ 



40 Monfieur de la Sale*j- Second Voyage 

FeL 1685 Knives for Goats Skins, after which we returned 
to our Camp ; Being come thither, Monfieur 
de la Sale made me go aboard the Bark la Belle, 
where he had imbark'd Part of the Powder, 
with pofitive Orders not to carry, or permit 
any Fire to be made there, having fufficient 
Caufe to fear every thing, after what had hap- 
ned. For this Reafon they carry' d me and 
all that were with me, our Meat every Day. 

During this time it was that V Aimable open- 
ing in the Night, the next Morning we faw 
all the light Things that were come out of it 
floating about, and Monfieur de la Sale fent Men 
every Way, who gather'd up about 30 Casks 
of Wine and Brandy, and fome of Flefli, Meal 
and Grain. 

When we had gather'd all, as well what had 
been taken out of the Ship-wreck'd Vefl!el as 
what could be pick'd up in the Sea, the next 
Thing was to regulate the Provifions we had 
left proportionably to the Number of Men we 
were ; and there being no more Bisket, Meal 
was deliver'd out, and with it we made Hafl:y 
Pudding with Water, which was none of the 
befl: ; fome large Beans and India Corn, part of 
which had taken wet ; and every thing was di- 
flributed very difcreetly. We were much in- 
commoded for want of Kettles, but Monfieur 
de Beaujeu gave Monfieur de la Sale one, and he 
order'd another to be brought from the Bark 
la Belle, by which means we were well ferv'd. 

We were ftill in want of Canoes. Monfieur 
de la Sale fent to the Camp of the Indians to 
barter for fome, and they who went thither 
obferv'd, that thofe People had made their Ad- 
vantage of our Ship-wreck, and had fome Bales 

of 



into NORTH AMERICA. 41 

of Normandy Blankets, and they faw feveral F^^- 1685 
Women had cut them in two and made Petti- ^^^''^VNJ 
coats of them. They alfo faw Bits of Iron of 
the Ship that was caft away, and return'd 
immediately to make their Report to Monfieur 
de la Sale^ who faid we mufl endeavour to get 
fome Canoes in Exchange, and refolv'd to fend 
thither again the next Day. Monfieur du Hamel, 
Enfign to Monfr. de Beaujeu^ offer'd to go up in 
his Boat, which Monfieur de la Sale agreed to, 
and order'd Meffieurs Moranget^ his Nephew, 
DeJlogeSj OriSy Gayen, and fome others to bear 
him Company. 

No fooner were thofe Gentlemen, who were 
more Hot than Wife, landed, but they went up 
to the Camp of the Indians, with their Arms 
in their Hands, as if they had intended to force Indifcre- 
them, whereupon feveral of thofe People fled, p''^/- ^^ 
Going into the Cottages, they found others, to 
whom Monfieur du Hamel endeavour' d to figni- 
fy by Signs, that he would have the Blankets 
they had found reftor'd ; but the Misfortune 
was, that none of them underftood one another. 
The Indians thought it their befl Way to with- 
draw, leaving behind them fome Blankets and 
Skins of Beafts, which thofe Gentlemen took 
away, and finding fome Canoes in their Return 
they feiz'd two, and got in, to bring them 
away. 

But having no Oars, none of them knowing 
how to manage thofe Canoes, and having only 
fome pitiful Poles, which they could not tell 
the right Ufe of, and the Wind being alfo a- 
gainfl them, they made little Way ; which the 
Sieur du Hamel, who was in his Boat perceiving, 
and that Night drew on, he made the befl of 

his 



42 Monfieur de la Sale'j- Second Voyage 

March his Way, forfook them and return'd to the 

Thus Night came upon them, which oblig'd 
thofe unexperienc'd Canoe Men, being tho- 
roughly tir'd, to go afliore to take fome Reft, 
and the Weather being cold, they lighted a 
Fire, about which they laid them down and 
ans take ^^ afleep ; the Sentinel they had appointed 
Revenge, doing the fame. The Indians returning to their 
Camp, and perceiving our Men had carry'd away 
two Canoes, fome Skins and Blankets, took it 
for a Declaration of a War, refolv'd to be 
reveng'd, and difcovering an unufual Fire, pre- 
fently concluded that our men had halted 
there. A confiderable Number of them re- 
pair'd to the Place, without making the leaft 
Noife, found our carelefs People faft afleep, 
wrap'd up in their Blankets, and fliot a full 
Volley of their Arrows upon them all together 
on a Sudden, having firft given their ufual 
Shout before they fall on. 
Sieurs The Sieur Moranget awaking with the Noife, 
Oris and and finding himfelf wounded, ftarted up and 
Pf-f,"/^^ fir'd his Piece fuccefsfully enough, fome others 
did the like, whereupon the Natives fled. The 
Sieur Moranget came to give us the Alarm, 
though he was fliot through one of his Arms, 
below the Shoulder, and had another flanting 
Wound on the Breaft. Monfieur de la Sale im- 
mediately fent fome arm'd Men to the Place, 
who could not find the Indians^ but when Day 
appear' d, they found the Sieurs Oris and Tief- 
loges dead upon the Spot, the Sieur Gayen 
much hurt, and the reft all fafe and found. 

This 



into NORTH AMERICA. 43 

This Difafter, which happen'd the Night of March 
the 5th of Marchy very much afflided Monfieur ^l^^l 
de la Sale\ but he chiefly lamented Monfieur 
DeJJoges a fprightly Youth, who ferv'd well; 
but in fhort, it was their own Fault, and con- 
trary to the Charge given them, which was to 
be watchful and upon their Guard. We were 
under Apprehenfions for MefTieurs Moranget 
and Gayerij left the Arrows fhould be poifon'd. 
It afterwards appear' d they were not, how- 
ever Monfieur Morangefs Cure prov'd difficult, 
becaufe fome fmall VeiTel was cut. 

The Confequences of this Misfortune, toge- 
ther with the Concern, mofi: of the befl Perfons 
who had follow'd Monfieur de la Sale were 
under, fupported the Defign of thofe who 
were for returning to France and forfaking 
him, of which Number were Monfieur Dain- 
maville, a Pried of the Seminary of St. Sulpice^ 
the Sieur Minety Engineer and fome others. 
The common Difcourfes of Monfieur de la 
Sale's Enemies tending to difcredit his Condu6t, 
and to reprefent the pretended Raflinefs of his 
Enterprize, contributed confiderably towards 
the Defertion; but his Refolution prevailing, 
he heard and waited all Events with Pati- 
ence, and always gave his Orders, without 
appearing the lead difcompos'd. 

He caus'd the Dead to be brought to our 
Camp, and bury'd them Honourably, the Can- 
non fupplying the Want of Bells, and then 
confider'd of making fome fafer Settlement. 
He caus'd all that had been fav'd from the 
Shipwreck, to be brought together into one 
Place, threw up Intrenchments about it, to 
fecure his Effeds, and perceiving that the 

Water 



44 

March 
1685 



Debates 
between 
the Com- 
manders. 



Mr. de la 
Sale much 
wrong^ d. 



Mr. de 
Beaujeu 

leaves him 



Monfieur de la Sale*j- Second Voyage 

Water of the River, where we were, roul'd 
down violently into the Sea, he fancy'd that 
might be one of the Branches of the Mifjijipi, 
and propos'd to go up it, to fee whether he 
could find any Tokens of it, or of the Marks 
he had left, when he went down by Land to 
the Mouth of it. 

In the mean Time, Monfieur de Beaujeu was 
preparing to depart : The Chevalier de Aire 
had many Conferences with Monfieur de la Sale 
about feveral things, the latter demanded of 
Monfieur de Beaujeu., particularly the Cannon 
and Ball which were aboard the Joly., and had 
been defign'd for him; which Monfieur de 
Beaujeu refus'd, alledging that all thofe things 
lay at the Bottom of the Hold, and that he could 
not rummage it without evident Danger of 
perifliing; tho', at the fame time, he knew we 
had Eight Pieces of Cannon and not one Bullet. 

I know not how that Affair was decided be- 
tween them; but am fure he fuffer'd the Cap- 
tain of the Fly-boat V Aimable to imbark aboard 
Monfieur de Beaujeu.^ tho' he deferv'd to be mod 
feverely punifh'd, had Juflice been done him. 
His Crew foUow'd him, contrary to what Mon- 
fieur de Beaujeu had promis'd, that he would 
not receive a Man of them. All that Mon- 
fieur de la Sale could do, the' fo much wrong'd, 
was to write to France., to Monfieur de Saignelay^ 
Minifter of State, whom he acquainted with alll 
the Particulars, as I was inform' d, when I re- 
turn'd, and he gave the Packet to Monfieur 
de Beaujeu., who fail'd away for France. 

Having lofl the Notes I took at that time, 
and being forc'd to rely much upon Memory 
for what I now write, I (hall not pretend to be 

any 



mfo NORTH AMERICA. 45 

any longer exadt in the Dates, for fear of Mnr. 168$ 
millaking, and therefore I cannot be pofitive '"^^'^ 
as to the Day of Monfieur ^e Beaujeus Depar- 
ture, but believe it was the 14th of March, 
1685. 

When Monfr. de Beaujeu was gone, we fell 
to Work to make a Fort, of the Wreck of the j port 
Ship that had been cad away, and many Pieces built. 
of Timber the Sea threw up ; and during that 
Time, feveral Men deferted, which added to 
Monfieur de la Sales Afflidion. A Spaniard and 
a French Man Hole away and fled, and were ne- 
ver more heard of. Four or five others follow'd 
their Example, but Monfieur de la Sale having 
timely Notice, fent after them, and they were 
brought back. One of them was condemn'd to 
Death, and the others to ferve the King ten 
Years in that Country. 

When our Fort was well advanc'd, Monfr. 
de la Sale refolv'd to clear his Doubts, and to go 
up the River, where we were, to know whe- 
ther it was not an Arm of the MiJJiJlpi, and ac- Monfr. de 
cordingly order'd fifty Men to attend him, of 1^ Sale 
which Number were Monfr. Cavelier, his Bro- S<'^' ^° ^'f' 
ther, and Monfr. Chedeville, both Priells, two "^g^^^i^g^ 
Recolet Fryars, and feveral Voluntiers, who 
fet out in five Canoes we had, with the necef- 
fary Provifions. There remain'd in the Fort a- 
bout an hundred and thirty Perfons, and Monfr. 
de la Sale gave me the Command of it, with Or- 
ders not to have any Commerce with the Na- 
tives, but to fire at them if they appear'd. 

Whilft Monfr. de la Sale was abfent, I caus'd 
an Oven to be built, which was a great Help 
to us, and employ'd my felf in finifhing the 
Fort, and putting it in a Pofliure to with- 

(land 



46 Monjieur de la Sale'j Second Voyage 

Mar. i6S^ fland the Indians , who came frequently in the 
^■"^^t^ Night to range about us, howling like Wolves 
and Dogs ; but two or three Mufquet Shots put 
them to Flight. It happen'd one Night, that 
having fir'd fix or feven Shot, Monfieur de 
la Sale who was not far from us, heard 
Returns them, and being in Pain about it, he return'd 
with fix or feven Men, and found all Things 
in a good Poflure. 

He told us he had found a good Country, 
fit to fow and plant all Sorts of Grain, a- 
Sets out a- bounding in Beeves and wild Fowl ; that he 
gain. defign'd to ere6t a Fort farther up the River, 

and accordingly he left me Orders to fquare 
out as much Timber as I could get, the Sea 
carting up much upon the Shore. He had 
given the fame Orders to the Men he had left 
on the Spot, feven or eight of whom, de- 
tach'd from the reft, being bufy at that Work, 
and feeing a Number of the Natives, fled, 
and unadvifeably left their Tools behind them. 
Monfieur de la Sale returning thither, found a 
Paper made faft to a Reed, which gave him 
Notice of that Accident, which he was 
concern'd at, becaufe of the Tools, not fo 
much for the Value of the Lofs, as becaufe it 
was furnifliing the Natives with fuch Things 
as they might afterwards make Ufe of againft 
us. 

About the Beginning of Aprils we were a- 

A Spanijh larm'd by a Vefi^el which appear'd at Sea, near 

Fejfel ap- enough to difcern the Sails, and we fuppofed 

pears. they might be Spaniards, who had heard of our 

Coming and were ranging the Coaft to find us 

out. That made us ftand upon our Guard, to 

keep within the Fort, and fee that our Arms 

were 



into NORTH AMERICA. 47 

were fit for Service. We afterwards faw two ^f"'- '685 
Men in that Veflel, who inftead of coming to ^""^'"''^^^^ 
uss, went towards the other Point, and by 
that Means pafs'd on, without perceiving us. 

Having one Day obferv'd, that the Water 
work'd and bubbled up, and afterwards per- 
ceiving it was occafion'd by the Fifh skipping ^.n J^^J^ 
from Place to Place, I caufed a Net to be 
brought, and we took a prodigious Quantity of 
Fifh, among which were many Dorados^ or 
Gilt-Heads, Mullets and others about as big 
as a Herring, which afforded us good Food for 
feveral Days. This fifhery, which I caufed to 
be often follow' d, was a great Help towards 
our Subfi fiance. 

About that Time, and on Eafter-day that 
Year, an unfortunate Accident befel Monfieur 
le Gros. After Divine Service he took a Gun 
to go kill Snipes about the Fort. He fhot -/^^///^ 
one, which fell into a Marlh, he took off his ^"''^^j^ 
Shoes and Stockings to fetch it out, and re- j^ q^^^ ' 
turning, through Carelefsnefs trod upon a Rat- 
tle Snake, fo call'd, becaufe it has a Sort of 
Scale on the Tail, which makes a Noife. The 
Serpent bit him a little above the Ankle, he 
was carefully drefs'd and look'd after, yet 
after having endur'd very much, he dy'd at 
laft, as I Ihall mention in its Place. Another 
more unlucky Accident befell us, one of our 
Fifhermen fwimming about the Net to gather 
the Fifh, was carry'd away by the Current, 
and could not be help'd by us. 

Our Men fometimes went about feveral ^^^1685 
little Salt Water Lakes, that were near our 
Fort, and found on the Banks a Sort of flat 
Fifhes, like Turbots afleep, which they flruck 

with 



48 Monfteur de la Sale'j- Second Voyage 

May 1685 with fharp pointed Sticks, and they were good 
^''^'^ Food. Providence alfo fhew'd us that there 
Salt found ^^g g^j^ made by the Sun, upon feveral Httle 
Salt Water Pools there were in divers Places, 
for having obferv'd that there grew on them 
a Sort of white Subflance, like the Cream upon 
Milk, I took care every Day to fend and fetch 
that Scum off, which prov'd to be a very white 
and good Salt, whereof I gathered a Quanti- 
ty, and it did us good Service. 

Some of our Hunters having feen a Parcel 
of wild Goats running as if they were frighted, 
judg'd they were purfued by the Indians, and 
came for Refuge to the Fort, and to give me 
Notice. Accordingly fome Time after, we difco- 
Tndians ver'd a Parcel of Natives, who came and po- 
come to the ^^^ themfelves on an Eminence, within Can- 
non Shot, fome of them drew off from the reft 
and approach'd the Fort by the Way of the 
Downs. I caufed our Men immediately to 
handle their Arms, and wet Blankets to be 
laid on our Huts, to prevent their being burnt 
by the Fire the Savages fometimes fhoot with 
their Arrows. All this Time thofe who had 
feparated themfelves from the reft, being three 
in Number, ftill drew nearer, making Signs 
for us to go to them ; but Monfieur de la Sale 
had forbid me having any Commerce with them; 
however, fmce they had neither Bows nor Ar- 
rows, we made signs to them to draw near, 
which they did without hefitating. 

We went out to meet them, Monfieur Mo- 
ranget made them fit down, and they gave us 
to underftand by Signs, that their People were 
hunting near us; being able to make no more 
of what they faid, Monfieur Moranget was for 

knocking 



into NORTH AMERICA 



49 



knocking out their Brains, to revenge their y«»^ 1685 
having murder'd our Companions, but I would '■'''*^ 
not confent to it, fince they had come confiding 
in us. I made Signs to them to be gone, which 
they did as faft as they could, fome fmall Shot 
we fir'd into the Air making them run, and a 
Cannon Shot, I pointed towards the rifmg 
Ground, where the reft were, put them all to 
Flight. 

Thefe Accidents made us double our Guards, 
fince we were at open War with that crafty 
Nation, which let flip no Opportunity to fur- 
prize us, and therefore Penalties were appoint- 
ed for fuch as (hould be found afleep upon Sen- 
tinel; the Wooden-Horfe was fet up for them 
without Remiffion; and by Means of fuch Pre- 
cautions we fav'd our Lives. 

Thus we fpent the reft of the Month, till 
the Beginning of June. In the mean Time, 
Monfieur de la Sale had begun to make another 
Settlement, in the Place he before told us of, 
looking upon it as better, becaufe it was fur- 
ther up the Country. To that Purpofe he fent 
to us the Sieur de Villeperdry with two Canoes Second 
and Orders for the Sieur Moranget to repair to Settlement 
him, if he were recover' d, and that all the Men 
ftiould march, except 30 of the ableft to make 
a good Defence, who were to ftay with me in 
the Fort. The reft being feventy Perfons, as 
well Men and Women as Children, fet out 
with the Sieur Moranget ; and we being but a 
fmall Number remaining, I caufed the Fort to 
be brought into a lefs Compafs, to fave pofting 
fo many Sentinels. 

Our little Company began to take Satisfafti- 
on in the Eafe of getting and the Nature of our 

E Provifions 



50 Monfteur de la S a l e'j Second Voyage 

July 1685 Provifions, which a greater Number has more 

^'^^*^ Difficulty to be fupply'd with, and which we 

A Con/pi- j^^^ Plenty of, by Means of Hunting and Fiftiing, 

^ve'^'d °' ^^^^ being our principal Employments, and 

we liv'd well enough contented, expecting to be 

remov'd. However there were fome Malecon- 

tents, who refolv'd to defert ; but finding a 

Difficuly to put it in Execution, for that they 

could neither get Arms, nor Powder nor Ball, 

because the Sieur le Gros and I kept all lock'd 

up, and were very vigilant, that none might be 

lavilhly fpent, they took the cruel Refolution 

to rid themfelves of us. 

That bloody Maflacre was to begin by me, 
when I was afleep, and then to proceed to the 
Sieur le Gros, who lay in the Magazine, or 
Warehoufe, and was in no Condition to defend 
himfelf, becaufe his Leg was flill fwolen, and 
put him to much Pain. The Execution was to 
be by ftabbing. One of the Confpirators re- 
veal'd this to the Sieur Davaulf, a Hunter, who 
immediately came and accquainted me. I did 
not juft then take Notice of what I had been 
told; but in the Evening, when they return'd 
from hunting, I caufed one to be fecur'd, who 
prefently confefs'd all. His Accomplice was 
alfo feiz'd, and it was very troublefom to fe- 
cure them till the Time when we fhould re- 
move. 

About the Middle of July, the Bark la Belle 
came and anchor'd near us. An Order was 
brought me from Monfieur de la Sale^ diredling 
me to put aboard it all the Effefts that were in 
our Fort, to make a Float of the Timber I had 
caufed to be fquar'd, if Time would permit, if 
not to bury it in the Ground. Every Man fet 

his 



into NORTH AMERICA. 51 

his Hand to the Work, with all polTible Dili- J^^h 1685 
gence, and our two Prifoners were put aboard, ^^^^*^ 
as was alfo Monfieur le Gros and his Surgeon, 
with all our Effedls. 

The Float was begun with immenfe Labour; 
but the Weather proving very Stormy, and 
holding very long, I was oblig'd to caufe what 
had been done to be taken in Pieces, and to 
bury the Timber in the Sand, the beft we could, 
that the Natives might not find it. 

We then fet out towards the Place where 77,^ ^w? 
the Indians had been encamp'd, when Monfieur Fort aban- 
de la Sale went the firfl: time to fee them. We don^ d. 
found no Creature, and lay there that Night, 
and fo proceeded along the Sea Coaft, without 
any Accident, to the Camp of the Sieur Hurie, 
which was a Pofl in the Way, where Monfieur 
de la Sale had order' d all our Effedts to be laid 
up. It had no other Inclofure but Cherts and 
Barrels ; but there was nothing to fear from 
the Europeans. 

We fpent the Night at that Port, and two 
Canoes coming thither the next Morning, I ^'f Mft"^'^ 
went aboard one of them, with Part of my f^^^/j^^^,^/ 
Company, and join'd Monfieur de la Sale the 
next Day, at the Place where he had refolv'd 
to make his new Settlement. I gave him an 
Account of all that had happen' d, and was 
amaz'd to fee Things fo ill begun and fo little 
advanc'd. As for the Plantation, the Seed 
and Grain put into the Ground, was either loft 
through Drought, or eaten by Birds or Beafts. 
There were feveral Dead, and among them the 
Sieur de Villeperdry\ many fick, and of that 
Number Monfieur Cavalier the Prieft; no Shel- 
ter but a little fquare Place ftak'd in, where the 
E 2 Powder 



52 Monjteur de la S a l e'j- Second Voyage 

July 1685 Powder was and fome Casks of Brandy; many 
^'^^i^ other Inconveniences there were, which made 
all Things appear in a miferable Condition. 

It was requifite to think of building a large 
Lodgment, Monfieur de la Sale defign'd it, but 
the Difficulty was to get proper Timber for 
Building. There was a little Wood, where a 
good Quantity might be had, but it was a 
League up the Country, and we had neither 
Carts nor Horfes to carry it; however Monfr. 
Hard La- ^e la Sale fent Workmen thither, with others 
hour. to guard them. The Trees were cut down 
and squar'd, but the Carpenters were fo igno- 
rant, that Monfr. de la Sale was forc'd to ad 
the Mailer Builder, and to mark out the Pieces 
for the Work he defign'd. Some of thofe 
Pieces of Timber were dragg'd to the Camp, 
over the Grafs and Weeds the Plain was co- 
ver' d with; afterwards the Carriage of a Gun 
was made ufe of; but all cod fo much Labour, 
that the ableft Men were quite fpent. 

This exceffive Toil, the poor Suftenance the 
labouring Men had, and that often retrench'd 
as a Penalty for having fail'd in doing their 
Duty; the Uneafmefs Monfieur de la Sale v/?is 
under to fee nothing fucceed as he had imagin'd, 
and which often made him infult the Men, 
when there was little Reafon for it; All thefe 
things together afflidled very many fo fenfibly, 
that they vifibly declin'd, and above thirty 
Carpenter dy'd. The Lofs of fo many Men was follow'd 
^°f*' by that of the Mafter Carpenter, who was re- 

turning one Evening with me; but I happening 
to ftep afide to kill fome wild Fowl, when I 
came to our Habitation I found him not, and 
it was never known what became of him ; an 

Accident 



into NORTH AMERICA. 

Accident which added to our Vexation, for tho' 
he had but little Skill at his Trade, yet we 
flood in Need of him. 

Notwithftanding all thofe Difappointments, 
enough Timber was carry'd or rather dragg'd, 
to build the Houfe Monfieur de la Sale defign'd, 
and he was himfelf the Architeft. He mark'd 
out the Lengths, the Tenants and Mortifes, 
and made good the Defed; of the Workmen 
and calling to Mind that I had bury'd feveral 
Pieces of Timber at our firfl: Habitation, which 
might be of Ufe, he order'd me to take two 
Canoes and 20 men, to go fetch them, in the 
Bark la Belle, which was with us. 

Being come to the Place, we found the Na- 
tives had difcover'd our Timber, and carry'd 
away fome Planks, to pick out the Nails there 
were in them, which they value very much, 
to point their Arrows. We labour'd to make 
a Float, loaded the Bark la Belle with the reft 
of the Planks and other EfFeds, and fet out 
again. Some of the Natives appear'd whilft 
we were at Work, but feeing us advance to- 
wards them, with our Arms in our Hands, they 
fled. 

We return'd fafe to Monfieur de la Sale, who 
was glad to fee us, tho' we had loft one of the 
Canoes, for want of its being well made faft 
to the Float ; but the Timber we brought was 
a mighty help towards carrying on his Defign, 
and much fitter than that we had hew'd in the 
Wood, with fo much Labour; fo that this 
Timber occafion'd the raifing another Strudure 
contiguous to the former. All was cover' d with 
Planks, and Bullocks Hides over them. The 
Apartments were divided, and all of them well 

E 3 cover' d. 



53 

Aug. 1685 



Second Set- 
tlement. 



54 Monjieur de la S al e'j- Second Voyage 

Sep. 1685 cover'd. The Stores had a Place apart, and 
^"'"'""^'^^ that Dwelling had the name of St. Lewis given 
it, as well as the Neighbouring Bay. 

The Sieur le Gros^ who had remain' d aboard 
the Bark le Belle, ever fince the firft Voyage Ihe 
made to our former Habitation, was carry'd 
Mr. le afhore to the new One, and his Leg flill fwell- 
^d th ^ ing, the Surgeon was apprehenfive of a Morti- 
fication, and advis'd him to confent to have it 
cut off. He did fo, tho' with Regret, the Ope- 
ration was made, but a Fever follow'd imme- 
diately, and he liv'd but two Days, dying on 
the Feafl: of the Decollation of St. John Baptijf, 
much lamented by all Men, and particularly by 
Monfieur de la Sale, to whom he was very fer- 
viceable, by reafon of his general Knowledge, 
and his particular Fidelity towards him. Mon- 
fieur Carpentier, Son to the Mafter of the Works 
and the Sieur Thibault, both of Roan, and fome 
others, dy'd about the fame time. 

Monfieur de la Sale being defirous to take a 
Progrefs, to find his fatal MiJJiftpi River, and 
only expedting the Recovery of his Brother 
Monfieur Cavalier, who was to bear him Com- 
pany, he began to make fome Preparations 
towards it, and in the mean time, took fome 
fmall Journeys of four or five Leagues about, 
but could learn nothing further, than that it 
was a very fine Country, hem'd in on one 
Side by a fmall Mountain, which appear'd at 
about Fifteen or Twenty Leagues diflance; 
beautify'd with very fine Trees, and water'd 
by many little Rivers, whereof that, on which 
we had built our Habitation was the leaft. 
River of We call'd it la Riviere aux Boeufs, that is the 
Bullocks. River of Bullocks, by reafon of the great Num- 
ber 



/«/^ NORTH AMERICA. 55 

ber of them there was about it. Thefe Bui- ^^P- '685 
locks are very like ours, there are Thoufands ^■^'''vSJ 
of them, but inftead of Hair they have a very 
long curl'd Sort of Wool. 

Monfieur de la Sale Studying all Ways to 
find out the River Mijftjipi, imagin'd it might 
fall into the adjacent Bay, and refolv'd to go 
view all the Coafts about it, and to make ufe 
of the Bark la Belle. Accordingly he order'd 
me to repair to the faid Bark, with five Men 
and a Canoe, into which he put his Cloaths, 
and other EfFeds in feveral Chefts. 

That fhort Voyage was very troublefome to 
us, by reafon of the foul Weather, with contra- 
ry Winds and Storms, which had like to have 
overwhelm'd us, and what was dill worfe, 
we did not find the Bark, where we had left 
her. We went on a League further, to no 
Purpofe, and Provifions beginning to fall fhort, 
becaufe we had been fix Days on the Way, in- 
ftead of three, we resolv'd to return to the 
Place from whence we came. 

Monfieur de la Sale feeing us return at a di- 
ftance, came to meet us. Our Report troubled 
him for the Bark, which he ftood in need of, 
fo that he refolv'd to go himfelf to feek her, 
imbark'd in a Canoe, and fent me another 
Way, in another. After having wander'd about ^gat of 
all that Day, the next Night and the Day fol- the Bark 
lowing, we at laft perceiv'd her, where flie lay ^oft. 
under Shelter in a little Creek, having been in 
Danger of Perifliing by the foul Weather we 
had been in, and had loft her Boat, which was 
not well made faft. 

E 4. The 



oa. 1685 



56 Monjteur de la S al e'j Second Voyage 

The Bark wavS alfo difcover'd by Monfieur 
de la Sale, who was on the other fide, which 
made him draw near and land, whence he fent 
his Canoe to the faid Bark, and Monfieur 
Moranget who commanded it, went aboard to 
meet him. The Lofs of the Boat troubled Mon- 
fieur de la Sale^ I fent a Canoe to bring him, 
but to no Purpofe; however the Trunks were 
put aboard the Bark. 

Monfieur Cavalier the Priefl, being recover' d. 
What Monfieur de la Sale prepar'd to fet out with all 
Stores they Speed. He was pleas'd to Honour me with the 
had. Command, during his Abfence, and left me an 

Inventory of all that was in our Habitation, 
confining of Eight Pieces of Cannon, two 
Hundred Firelocks, as many Cutlaces, an Hun- 
dred Barrels of Powder, three Thou fand Weight 
of Ball, about three Hundred Weight of other 
Lead, fome Bars of Iron, twenty Packs of Iron 
to make Nails, fome Iron Work and Tools, as 
Hatchets and the like. 

As for Provifions, all that were left me amoun- 
ted to twenty Casks of Meal, one Cask and a 
half of Wine, three Quarters of a Cask of Bran- 
dy, and for living Creatures fome few Swine, a 
Cock and a Hen; which is very fliort of what 
has been Publifli'd by the Author of a Book en- 
tituled. The firJJ Effablijhment in New France', but 
the Reafon of it is, that he compiled his Work 
upon the Credit of Relations, which were as 
falfe as to the Point of the Ammunition and 
Provifions, remaining in our Habitation, when 
Monfieur de la Sale fet out that Time, as con- 
cerning the Fort well condition'd, and the 
Magazines or Storehofes under Ground, which 
are all imaginary, there being Nothing but the 

Houfe 



into NORTH AMERICA. ^y 

Houfe I have mention'd, pallifado'd, with fome ^^^- 1685 
old Stakes. <-Orv) 

Monfr. de la Sale farther order'd me not to 
receive any Men of thofe he took along with 
him, unlefs they brought an Order from him in 
Writing ; nor to hold or admit of any Com- 
munication with the Natives, but rather to fire 
upon them, and fome other Particulars he 
thought fit to be obferv'd. He had made him- 
self a Coat of Mail with fmall Laths, to fecure 
himfelf againft the Arrows, which he took a- 
long with him, he alfo took the Canoes, and 
promis'd to fend me one back. Five Cannon 
Shot were the Signal of his Departure. 

He took his Way along the lower Part of 
the River, to march by Land along the neigh- ^°"f^- °^ 
bouring Bay, which was call'd of St. LewiSy the gj^^^f^". 
Canoes keeping within Sight. I was left cover. 
in the Habitation with thirty four Perfons, Men, ^^.Lewis'j 
Women and Children, and of that Number ^^y- 
were three Recolet Friars, the Sieur Hurley who 
was to command in my Abfence, one of the 
Sieurs Duhautj the Sieurs Thibault and a Sur- 
geon. 

Our Provifions being very fmall, and it being 
requifite to fpare them, for the Sick, we were 
oblig'd to apply our felves to Fifliing and Shoot- 
ing. Both of them at firft prov'd very unfuc- 
cefsful, efpecially the latter; becaufe we were 
not yet well vers'd in them, and Monfieur de 
la Sale had taken our Huntfman along with him; 
but at length, NecefTity made us more expert. 
We kill'd Beeves, fome of which I caus'd to be 
dry'd, and they were a confiderable Help to 
fubfift us. 

Some 



58 Monjieur de la S A l e'j" Second Voyage 

Nov. 1685 Some Days after, the Canoe Monfieur de la 
^-^^*^ Sale had promis'd me, arrived with three Sol- 
Hunter diers, who brought us the News of the Lofs of 
^^^ the Huntfman Monfieur de la Sale had taken 

along with him, and who had been found dead 
with Cold in a Ditch, where he had lain down 
to reft: after hunting, which troubled us all ve- 
ry much. They alfo inform'd us, that Monfr. 
de la Sale advancing towards fome Dwellings 
the Natives had abandon' d, after a fmall Re- 
fiftance, fome of whom had been wounded as 
they fled, they had taken and brought a Girl 
and a Woman, who was (hot thro' the Thigh, 
of which fhe dy'd. 
Dec. 1685 The Canoe was a great Help to us to carry 
what we kill'd, which being brought to our Ha- 
bitation, found Employment for all Perfons, 
fome to flea, others to cut up, and others to 
dry it. At other Times, I fet fome of our 
Men to throw up a Trench about our Habi- 
tation. 

Thus we fpent our Time, till about the 
Jan. 1686 Middle of January, 1686, when being all, one 
Evening, in our Manfion, the Sentinel came in 
to acquaint me, that he heard a Voice towards 
the River; fome men ran thither immediately, 
and found a Man in a Canoe, crying, Dominick, 
which was the Name of young Duhaut, who 
was with us. The Sight of that made me appre- 
henfive left fome Difafter was befallen Monfr. 
de la Sale. I drew near, and perceiv'd it was 
Duhaut the Elder, that was return' d. 

I ask'd, him whether he had any Letters 
from Monfieur de la Sale, he anfwer'd, he had 
not. It gave me some Uneafinefs, confidering 
I was forbid admitting any Man without an 

Or- 



Six Men 
killed by 



////(? NORTH AMERICA. 59 

Order in Writing, and I was almofl refolv'd to 7<"'- j686 
fecure him; but the Account he gave me of the ^-''''"V'^*^ 
Occafion of his returning wholly clear'd him. I^^haut 
I admitted him, and he told me the whole ^f ^^"i, 

frotn M.T. 
Matter as follows. ^ de laSale. 

Monfr. de la Sale^ having ftaid fome Time on 
the Sea Shore, near the Place where the Bark 
was at Anchor he refolv'd to try the Anchor- 
ing Places of the Coafts round about, to know 
how near the Bark le Belle might come. To that 
Purpofe he fent the Pilot with 5 of the bed Men 
to found. 

The Pilot did as he was order'd, he founded 
and obferved the proper Places to come near fe- 
veral Coafls. At Night he and his Men be- 
ing in all likelyhood tir'd, they thought fit to go 'i^atives. 
Ailiore and lie upon the Land. They made a 
Fire, perhaps to drefs fome Meat ; but ne- 
glecting to fland upon their Guard, they were 
furpriz'd, and all fix of them kill'd by the Sa- 
vages; who alfo broke their Canoe, and thus 
reveng'd themfelves for the Irruption Monfr. de 
la Sale had lately made among them. 

More Time being elaps'd than Monfieur de 
la Sale had allotted thofe Men to return, he 
grew uneafy, and went himfelf along the Coaft, 
to fee if any News could be had of them, and 
keeping along the Shore, he found the fad Re- 
mains of thofe unfortunate Wretches, whofe 
CarcajTes fcatter'd about, were torn and almofl 
devour'd by Wolves or Wild Dogs, a Spedacle 
which went to his Heart. 

However this Lofs, which afHifted him, and 
particularly for the Sake of the Pilot, who was 
an able Man, did not quite caft him down; but 
exerting himfelf againfl: his Misfortunes, he 

caus'd 



6o Monjteur de la S a l e'j Second Voyage 

Jan. 1686 caus'd Flelh to be dry'd, and with that and the 
^•'^"'^''^^ other Provifions he viduall'd the Bark la Belle. 
He caus'd it to advance into the Bay, put a good 
Number of Men on Board to fecure it, among 
whom were Monfieur Chedeville^ the Prieft, and 
Planterofe of Roan^ and order'd them not to ftir 
from that Place till they heard from him, and 
not to go Afhore, unlefs with a good Guard and 
neceffary Precautions. 

Next, he chofe out Twenty Men, imbark'd 
on two Canoes he had left, and being come 
Afhore, caus'd the Canoes to be funk in the 
River, and every Man to take up his Bundle, 
confifting of Arms, Tools, fome Utenfds for 
the Kitchin, a few Goods, to trade with the 
Natives, if he fhould find any fociable, and 
fo advanc'd into the Country, to try if any 
Notice could be had of the Mtjfifipi. 

After feveral Days March, they came to a 
La Ma g^°^ pleafant River, which they afterwards 
ligne Ri- call'd la Maltgne. Monfieur de la Sale marching 
at the Head of the Company, and having or- 
der'd Monfieur Moranget to keep in the Rear; 
it happen'd that Duhaut flopping to mend his 
Snapfack and his Shoes, which were in a bad 
Condition ; the Sieur Moranget coming up, com- 
manded him to March, he defired him to flay 
a little. Moranget would not, but held on his 
Way ; Duhaut follow'd fome Time after, but 
having flay'd too long, he could not overtake 
the Company, and found himfelf about 
Night fall in a Plain full of Weeds, where there 
were feveral Tracks of the Way Cattle had 
gone, but knew not which of them to take. 
He fir'd his Piece feveral Times, without hear- 
ing 



ver. 



into NORTH AMERICA. 6i 

ing any thing of his Company, and was oblig'd P^^- '686 
to pafs the Night in that fame Place. ^-''vxJ 

In the Morning he iliot again, fpent the Day 
and Night again in that Place, fo that not ^^''^'W 
knowing what to do, he return'd the fame 
Way he had gone, and after a Month's March, 
for he travell'd only by Night, for Fear of 
meeting with the Savages, living upon what 
he kill'd with much Difficulty and Danger, ha- 
ving before fpent all his own Provifions; at 
length after moft unaccountable Hardfhips and 
Sufferings, he arriv'd at the Place where the Ca- 
noes had been funk. He took one of them up, 
with incredible Labour, and too long to relate, 
and fo came to our Habitation of St. Lewis. 
Thus it pleas'd God that he who was to be one 
of the Murderers of Monfieur de la Sale, fhould 
come off fafe, and furmount almoft infinite 
Dangers. 

This Account, which feem'd to carry 
the Face of Probability, prevail'd with me to 
receive the Sieur Duhauty and in Reality I could 
do no otherwife, and I made it my Bufmefs to 
examine into his Behaviour, but could find 
Nothing to lay to his Charge. We con- 
tinued fome Time longer as we had been be- 
fore ; during the which, I caus'd another lit- 
tle Wooden Stru6ture to be made, of Timber, 
I had got together, and in it I lodg'd the Wo- 
men and Maidens by themfelves. Having hi- 
therto faid Nothing of the Situation of our 
Dwelling of St. Lewis, nor of the Nature of the 
Country we were in, I will here venture upon a 
plain but true Defcription. 

We were in about the 27th Degree of North 
Latitude, two Leagues up the Country, near 

the 



62 

Feb. 1686 

Defcripti- 
on of the 
Country 
and Dwel- 
ling at St. 
Lewis. 
TheLand. 



Living 
Creatures. 



Ftp. 



Monjteur de la S a l eV Second Voyage 

the Bay of St. Lewis and the Bank of the Ri- 
ver aux Bceufs^ on a little Hillock, whence we 
difcover'd vaft and beautiful Plains, extending 
very far to the Weftward, all level and full of 
Greens, which afford Paflure to an infinite 
Number of Beeves and other Creatures. 

Turning from the Weft to the Southward, 
there appear'd other Plains adorn'd with feve- 
ral Httle Woods of feveral Sorts of Trees. To- 
wards the South and Eafl was the Bay, and the 
Plains that hem it in from the Eafl ; to the 
Northward, was the River running along by a 
little Hill, beyond which there were other large 
Plains, with fome little Tufts of Wood at fmall 
Diflances, terminating in a Border of Wood, 
which feem'd to us to be very high. 

Between that little Hill and our Dwelling, 
was a Sort of Marfh, and in it Abundance of 
wild Foul, as Curlies, Water-Hens and other 
Sorts. In the Marfh there were little Pools 
full of Fifh. We had alfo an infinite Num- 
ber of Beeves, wild Goats, Rabbits, Turkeys, 
Buflards, Geefe, Swans, Feldifares, Plovers, 
Teal, Partridges and many other Sorts of Fowl 
fit to eat, and among them one call'd le grand 
Gofter, or, the great Gullet, becaufe it has a 
very large one; another as big and Flefhy as a 
Pullet, which we called the Spatula^ becaufe it's 
Beak is fhap'd like one, and the Feathers of it 
being of a pale Red, are very beautiful. 

As for Fifh, we had feveral Sorts in the Ri- 
ver and in the Lakes I have mention'd. The Ri- 
ver afforded a Sort of Barbies, differing from 
ours in Roundnefs, in their having three Bones 
flicking out, one on the Back, the others on 
each Side of the Head, and in the Flefh, which 

is 



into NORTH AMERICA. 



63 



Feb. 1686 



is like Cod, and without Scales. The River fup- 
ply'd us with Abundance of other Fifhes, whofe 
Names we know not. The Sea afforded us 
Oyfters, Eeles, Trouts, a Sort of red Fifhes 
and others whose long, (harp and hard Beak 
tore all our Nets. 

We had Plenty both of Land and Sea Tor- 
toifes, whofe Eggs ferv'd to feafon our Sauces. Tortoifes 
The Land Tortoifes differ from thofe of the 
Sea, as being fmaller, round, and their Shell 
more beautiful. They hide themfelves in 
Holes they find or make in the Earth. It 
was looking for these Tortoifes, that one of 
our Surgeons, thrufl his Arm into a Hole, and 
was bit by fome venomous Creature, which we 
fuppos'd to be a Sort of Toad, having four Feet, 
the Top of his Back fharp and very hard, with 
a little Tail. Whether it was this Crea- 
ture, or a Snake, his Arm fwelled very much, 
however he was cured by fuch Applications as 
were made Ufe of; but it cofl him a Finger 
was cut off. 

Among the venomous Sorts of Snakes, as 
Vipers, Afps and others, whereof there are 
many, thofe call'd Rattle-Snakes are the mofl 
common. They generally lye among the Bram- 
bles, where they make a Noife by the Motion 
of two Scales they have at the End of their 
Tail, which is heard at a confiderable Diflance, 
and therefore they are call'd Rattle-Snakes. 
Some of our Men had eaten of them and found 
their Flefh was not amifs, and when we had 
kill'd any of them, our Swine made a good 
Meal. 



Venomous 
Creatures. 



Rattle- 
Snakes. 



There 



64 

Feb. 1686 
Alligators, g^jj^ 



Trees. 



Dange- 
rous Fruit. 



Monfieur de la S a l e'j- Second Voyage 

There are alfo many Alligators in the Rivers, 
fome of them of a frightful Magnitude and 
I kill'd one that was between four and 
five Foot about, and twenty Foot in Length, 
on which our Swine feafted. This Creature 
has very (hort Legs, infomuch that it rather 
drags along than walks, and it is eafy to follow 
the Tra6l of it, either among the Weeds or on 
the Sands, where it has been. It is very rave- 
nous, and attacks either Men or Beads, when 
they are within Reach in the River, and comes 
alfo afhore to feek for Food. It has this parti- 
cular Quality, that it flies from fuch as purfue, 
and purfues thofe who fly from it. I have fliot 
many of them dead. 

The Woods are compofed of Trees of feveral 
Sorts. There are Oaks, fome of them ever 
green and never without Leaves; others like 
ours in Europe^ bearing a Fruit much like our 
Galls, and lofe their Leaves in Winter, and a- 
nother Sort not unlike ours in France., but the 
Bark of them thicker, thefe as well as the fe- 
cond Sort bear an Acorn, differing from ours 
both in Taflie and Bignefs. 

There is a Sort of Tree, which bears fmall 
Berries, which, when ripe, are red, and indif- 
ferent pleafant. It bears twice a Year, but the 
fecond Crop never ripens. There is another 
Tree, bearing a Fruit not unlike Cajfta^ in Tafl:e 
and Virtue. 

There are others of the Sort I had feen in the 
Iflands, whofe Leaves are like Rackets, whence 
the Tree bears the Name. The Blofl!bms grow 
out about the Leaves, and of them comes a 
Fruit fomewhat refembling Figs, but the Leaves 
and the Fruit are full of Prickles, which muff 

be 



into NORTH AMERICA. 65 

be carefully rubb'd and taken off, before it is Feb. 1685 
eaten, elfe they dangeroufly inflame the Mouth ^-'^VX) 
and the Throat, and may prove mortal, as 
happen'd to one of our Soldiers, who had eaten 
of them too greedily, and without that Precau- 
tion. 

1 have feen fome Trees refembling the Palm, 
whofe lofty and long Branches fpread like that 
call'd the Latanier^ bearing a Fruit, faid to be in- 
different good. Others the fame Sort, but whofe 
Leaves are like Gutters, harfh and fo (harp 
pointed, that they will pierce the thickefl Stuffs. 
This Tree has a Sprout on the Top, which fhoots 
out Flowers in the Shape of a Nofegay, of a 
whitifh yellow, and fome of them at the Top 
of that Sprout have fixty or eighty Flowers 
hanging down, not unlike the Flower de Luce, 
and after thofe Flowers follows a Fruit as long 
as a Man's Finger, and thicker than the Thumb, 
full of little Seeds, fo that there is fcarce any 
Thing but the Rhind fit to eat, the Tafte 
whereof is fweet and delicate. 

There are Abundance of creeping Vines yi„es. 
and others, that run up the Bodies and to the 
Tops of Trees, which bear plenty of Grapes, 
flefhy and fharp, not to compare to the Deli- 
cacy of ours in Europe \ but we made Verjuice 
of them, which was very good in Sauce. Mul- 
berry Trees are numerous along the Rivers, 
their Fruit is fmaller, but fweeter and more 
delicious than ours ; their Leaves are beautiful 
and large, which would be of good Ufe for 
feeding of Silkworms. 

The Plains are flrew'd with a Sort of fmall Plana. 
Sorrel, the Leaf whereof is like Trefoil, and 
the Tafte of it fharp like ours. There are A- 

F bundance 



66 Monjieur de la S al e'j- Second Voyage 

Feb. 1686 bundance of fmall Onions, no bigger than the 
^^^^'^ Top of a Man's Finger, but very well tafled, 
and when the Heat has fcorch'd up the Plains, 
that Plant fhoots out firft, and produces Flowers 
which look like an agreeable Enamel. Nothing 
is more beautiful than to behold those vafl 
Plains, when the BlofToms appear; a thoufand 
Sorts of different Colours, whereof many have 
an agreeable Scent, adorn thofe Fields, and af- 
ford a mofl charming Objed: to the Eye. I have 
obferved fome that fmelt like a Tuberofe, but 
the Leaf refembles our Borage. I have feen 
Primrofes, having a Scent like ours, African 
Gilliflowers, and a Sort of purple wind Flowers. 
The Autumn Flowers are almofi: all of them 
yellow, fo that the Plains look all of that Colour. 
The Climate is mild and temperate, tho' we 
were in about 27 Degrees of North Latitude, 
and yet the Seeds I caufed to be fow'd did not 
thrive ; whether it was becaufe they had been 
foak'd in the Sea Water, or for any other Rea- 
fon. Some came up pretty well, as Pompions, 
Melons, Parfnips and Endive ; but the 
Beafls and the Infedls, left us not much. 
When we come to the Cents and have traverfs'd 
fo many Nations as lay between us and them, 
I fhall fpeak of the Religion, Manners, Cloath- 
ing, Houfes and Cufloms of the Natives, wher- 
in they differ but little from one another, tho* 
of feveral Countries. 

Monfieur de la Sale had been now long gone, 
and we began to be in Pain for him, when a- 
bout the Middle of March 1686, hapning to be 
on the Top of the Houfe, I fpied feven or eight 
Perfons coming towards us. I prefently order- 
ed eight arm'd Men to follow me, to 

go 



ifito NORTH AMERICA. 

go meet them ; and as foon as we drew near 
them, we knew Monfieur de la Sale^ Monfieur 
Cavelier, his brother, Monfieur Moranget, his 
Nephew and five or fix Men with them, the 
refl: being gone another Way to find out the 
Bark la Belle^ to give Notice of Monfieur de la 
Sales Arrival. 

They were in a bad Condition, their Cloaths 
ragged, Monfieur Caveliers fliort Cafix)ck 
hung in Tatters ; mofl: of them had not Hats, 
and their Linen was no better; however the 
Sight of Monfieur de la Sale rejoyc'd us all. 
The Account he gave us of his Journey reviv'd 
our Hopes, tho' he had not found the fatal 
River, and we thought only of making ourfelves 
as merry as we could. Only the Sight of the 
Sieur Duhaut interrupted it for fome Time. 
Monfieur de la Sale ask'd me in an angry Man- 
ner, why I had receiv'd him, and Duhaut hav- 
ing given his Reafons, as I and my Men did, 
we were all fatisfy'd. 

The next Day, the Sieurs le Bar bier, Bihorel, 
le Petit, Cavelier, the Nephew, the Surgeon 
and others, whom Monfieur de la Sale had fent 
to find out and carry Advice to the Bark la Belle, 
returned, and faid they could not find her, which 
was another frefib Caufe of Much Uneafinefs to 
Monfieur de la Sale. He had been guilty of the 
Fault of putting aboard her, his Cloaths, his 
Linen, his Papers and all his befl EfFedls, of 
all which he was then in the utmofl: Need. Be- 
fides, that Lofs broke all the Meafures he had 
concerted during his laft Expedition, becaufe 
he had refolv'd to caufe the faid Bark to go up 
one of the Rivers he had difcover'd, to advance 
towards thofe Nations with whom he had 
F 1 con- 



67 



March 
1686 



Monfieur 
de la Sale 
returns. 



The Bark 
la Belle 
loft. 



68 

March 
1686 



Monfieur 
de la Sale 
fets out 
upon ano- 
ther Expe- 
dition. 



Monfieur de la S a l e 'j- Second Voyage 

contraded fome Friendfhip, and to fend me in 
the fame Bark, with his Nephew Morangety to 
the Iflands to feek for fome AfTiftance, or elfe 
to return by Sea to look for his River. 

All thefe Defigns being difappointed, he re- 
folv'd to fet out a fecond Time, and travel by 
Land, to find out his River. He (laid to reft 
him a while, and to provide for his Departure, 
but having neither Linen nor Cloaths, I fup- 
ply'd him with fome I had ; I alfo afforded fome 
Linen to Monfieur CavelieVy his Brother and 
Monfieur Moranget^ his Nephew. All I had was 
at their Service, and I depriv'd myfelf of all 
that was fit for them, even to ten or twelve 
Pounds of Strings of Beads and fome Knives and 
Nails, which Monfieur de la Sale took. 

The Sieur Duhaut, having feveral EffeAs, as 
Linen, Hatchets and other Tools and Com- 
modities, which had been fav'd from the Ship- 
wreck, Monfieur de la Sale took Linen to make 
Shirts, for fuch as wanted, as alfo the Tools 
they ftood in Need of. The Cloaths belong- 
ing to Meffieurs Thibault, le Gros and Carpentier, 
who were dead, were alfo diftributed. A great 
Belt I had, ferv'd to make Shoes for Monfieur 
de la Sale and Monfieur Cavelier. 

All Things being thus provided, Monfieur 
de la Sale took twenty Men along with him, 
among whom were Monfieur Cavelier his Bro- 
ther, F. Anaftaftus a Recolet, Monfieur Moran- 
get his Nephew, the Sieurs Bihorel, le Clerk^ Hu- 
rler, Duhaut the younger, Hiens his Surgeon, 
and his Servants. He left behind thofe, who 
were not fit to undertake that fecond Journey, 
among whom were little Monfieur Cavelier his 
Nephew, the Sieur Barbier, Canadien and fome 

others. 



into NORTH AMERICA. 69 

others. Each of the Travellers made up his ^/""- 1686 
Pack, and they fet out towards the latter End ^^^^*^^ 
oi April 1686, after having given me the necef- 
fary Orders, and we parted without Ceremony, 
Monfieur de la Sale defiring it iTiould be fo. 

Some Days after he was gone, I heard a 
Voice towards the lower Part of the River, 
crying twice ^i vive, or who are you for. I 
made that Way, and perceiv'd the Sieur Chede- 
ville a Prieft, the Sieur de la Sablonniere^ and 
fome others of thofe who had been put aboard 
the Bark la Belle, and were now in a Canoe. I 
ask'd abruptly what was become of the Bark, 
and was inform'd, our continual Misfortunes 
ftill purfuing us, that it had run aground on the tVhat was 
other Side of the Bay. I caufed the Canoe to /-^^^^ "f 
be unloaded, there being in it, among other ^ ^ jf 
Things, Monfieur de la Sale's Cloaths, Part 
of his Papers, fome Linen, a fmall Quantity of 
Beads and thirty or forty Pound of Meal, which 
was all they had left. 

The next Day, Monfieur de Chedeville told How the 
me the Particulars of that Misfortune, and faid, ^'^^^ ^^^ 
That having been fome Time with the Bark, in ■^*' 
the Place where Monfieur de la Sale had ap- 
pointed them to wait, their Water falling fliort, 
they had thought fit to fend the Boat afliore, 
with four or five Casks to fill ; that the Sieur 
Planterofe went in it with fix of the beft Men. 
That towards the Evening they faw the Boat 
coming back, but the Wind being contrary and 
Night coming on, they put out a Light, which 
going out and the Captain negleding to put up 
another, in all Likelyhood the Boat could not 
fee the Bark, and they never heard of it after, 

F 3 nor 



7© Monjieur de la S a l e'j Second Voyage 

May 1686 nor of any of thofe in it, who it was probable 

'-''^^^^^ had all periih'd. 

That neverthelefsj they continued fome Days 
in the fame Place, during which Time three or 
four of their Men died; and at laft, having no 
Water, they eat up their Swine, before they 
died with Thirft, and refolv'd to weigh Anchor 
and draw near to the Dwelling; but having 
few Hands and thofe fpent, and to add to their 
Misfortune the Wind proving contrary, they 
were drove to the other Side of the Bay, where 
they run aground. 

That having no Boat, nor Men enough to 
land their Effedis, they had endeavour'd to 
make a Float with fome Casks and Planks, but 
that being ill made and join'd together, the 
firfl that went upon it had perifh'd. That hav- 
ing made another Float better faflned together 
than the firfl, they had by that Means faved 
fome Sails and Rigging, feveral inconfiderable 
Things, Linen, Cloaths and Papers belonging 
to Monfieur de la Sale and others, and then 
ftay'd Afhore, expelling to hear fome News, and 
had found a Canoe, being the fame that was 
before loll on the Edge of the Bay, which had 
been drove to the other Side ; and that Provi- 
fions at lad beginning to fall fhort, they went 
aboard the faid Canoe and came to us ; fortu- 
nate in that they had not been difcover'd by the 
Natives, during their Stay Afhore, which was 
for the Space of three Months, and in finding 
the Canoe to bring them back. 

When Monfieur de la Sale went away, the 
Sieur Barbier had taken upon him to go a hunt- 
ing, as alfo to provide Bark to cover our Hou- 
fes, inftead of Hides, becaufe the Sun drying 

and 



/>/^ NORTH AMERICA. 71 

and contrading them, Part of the Top of our 7^"^ 1686 
Buildings was uncover'd. I farther enjoyn'd him >^'«'^J 
to cut Stakes, to make a Pahfade about our 
Dwelling, and the Sieur Chedeville having told 
me they had bury'd feveral Things they could 
not bring away, I fent the Sieur Barbier with 
two Canoes and fifteen Men to the Place, where 
they found fome Pedreroes, Rigging and Sails. 
The Natives having difcover'd the Conceal- 
ment, had taken away fome Pieces of Linen 
and Iron Tools, which they very much co- 
vet. 

The Sieur Barbier after his Return, continu- 
ing his Exercife of hunting, happen'd to meet 
with a Parcel of the Natives, fome of whom 
had Firelocks, which they had taken from our Encounter 
Men, and with which they made fome Shots at ^^'^-^ ^^^ 
him, but very weak; and he firing three or four ^^^^^^•*■• 
Shot at them they retir'd. He was then in a 
Canoe on the River, and defign'd to have gone 
upwards ; but that Rancounter having oblig'd 
him to take another Way, and the Savages 
perceiving it, eight of them fwam over the Ri- 
ver, haflening to get before the Canoe, hid 
themfelves among the Weeds, near the Way 
he was to pafs, and when he was near enough, 
let fly their Arrows, which wounded feveral 
Men. One Shot the Sieur Barbier made, put 
them all to Flight again; he held on his Way 
and return'd to our Habitation. 

Some Days after, we perceiv'd a Herd of 
Bullocks flying, and guefs'd they were purfu'd 
by the Savages, which afterwards appear' d to 
be true. Some of them drew near to our Ha- 
bitation, but a Cannon Shot, I pointed towards 
the Gang of them, and a Musket-fhot Mon- 

F 4 fieur 



72 Monjieur de la Sale'j- Second Voyage 



June 1686 



The Sieur 
Barbier 



Accidents 
concerning 
the Re CO lets 



fieur Barbier fired at the neareft, made them 
all fly farther off. 

When the Sieur Barbier went out a Hunting, 
I commonly fent with him fome Women and 
Maids, to help the Hunters to drefs and dry 
the Flefh; but being inform'd that he us'd to 
flip afide from the Company, with a young 
Maid he had a Kindnefs for, and which gave 
Occafion to fome well-grounded Railleries; 
the faid Barbier being told I was acquainted 
with that Affair, came and fpoke to me in pri- 
vate, defiring Leave to marry that young Wo- 
man, I made fome Difficulty of it at firft, ad- 
vifing him to flay till Monfieur de la Sale re- 
turn'd; but at laft, confidering they might 
have anticipated upon Matrimony, I took the 
Advice of the Recolet Fathers, and of Monfieur 
Chedeville the Prieft, and allowed them to mar- 
ry. Monfieur le Marquis de la Sabloniere follow- 
ing this Example, ask'd the fame Liberty, be- 
ing in Love with a young Maid, which I abfo- 
lutely refus'd, and forbid them feeing one ano- 
ther. 

Some Time pafs'd in which Nothing hap- 
pen'd to us worth obferving; however, I will 
mention two Things which befell our Recolet 
Fathers. One was. That Father Anajlafius^ 
being a hunting Bullocks with me, and coming 
too near one I had fliot, and was fallen, the 
Beaft, as much hurt as he was, ftarted up, at- 
tack'd and threw him down; he had much ado 
to get off, and I to refcue him, becaufe I durfl 
not flioot for Fear of killing him. The Bul- 
lock being weak, fell again ; the Father was de- 
liver'd, but lay ill fome Months. The other 
was, That Father Maximus had writ fome Me- 



moirs 



Duhaut 

E?idea- 
vours to oc- 



/«/<? NORTH AMERICA. 73 

moirs concerning Monfieur de la Sales Condud:, 7""^ 1686 
condemning him upon feveral Occafions. I was ^"^^t*^ 
told of it, found Means to get thofe Memoirs, 
threw them into the Fire, and fo the Father 
came off. 

About the fame Time, moll: of our Men 
feeing Monfieur de la Sale did not return, began 
to mutter. The Sieur Duhaut, who perhaps had 
been the firlt Fomenter of thofe Difcontents, cafwn a 
back'd the Complaints of the difgufted Party, Mutiny 
promis'd them great Matters under his Con- 
dud, and ofFer'd to fupply them with fuch Ef- 
feds as he had in PolTeffion, endeavouring, as I 
fuppofe, by thofe Means, to gain their Affedi- 
ons, for a mifchievous Defign, which it is likely 
he had even then conceiv'd. 

It was not long before, I had Intimation 
of the whole Aiffair, and I had done Monfieur 
de la Sale a fingular Piece of Service, had I then 
put to Death the Perfon, who was to be his 
Murderer; but I refted fatisfy'd with giving 
him a fevere Reprimand, and threat'ning to 
caufe him to be fecur'd if he perfifled, being able 
to do no other under my prefent Circumflan- 
ces. However, I talk'd to all concern'd, and 
put them in fuch Hopes of Monfieur de la Sale's 
Return, and that Things would foon change to 
their Satisfadion, that they were all paci- 
fy'd. 

But in Regard, that Idlenefs often occafions 
Uneafinefs and Impatience, I us'd all poflible 
Means to keep them employ'd, in the moft o- 
bliging Manner I could, fetting fome to cut 
down the Bulhes about our Dwelling, others to 
hew down Trees, that hinder'd the Profped, o- 
thers mow'd the Grafs, that frefh might grow 

up 



74 Monfteur de la S a l e 'j Second Voyage 

June 1686 up for our Cattle, and at Night I made them 
^o^^*^ divert themfelves with Dancing and Sing- 
ing. 

Whilfl: we thus pafs'd away the Time the 
M de la ^^^ ^^ could, Monfieur de la Sale had pene- 
Sale'j Dif- trated very far up into the Country, inclining 
coveries. towards the Northern Part of Mexico. He had 
travell'd through feveral Nations, the Inhabi- 
tants whereof were, for the moft Part, fociable, 
and had concluded a Sort of Alliance with 
them, and particularly with the Cenis and o- 
thers whofe names I (hall mention. He had 
difcover'd charming Countries abounding in all 
Things that could be wifh'd, as well for Sufte- 
nance, as for making of eafy Settlements, and 
after he and his Nephew Moranget had efcap'd 
two Dangerous SicknefFes, he return'd to our 
Habitation, with five Horfes he had purchas'd, 
and arriv'd at it in Auguft 1686. 

Hearing of his Voice, I was one of the firfl 
His Return that ran towards the River: We took our 
Canoes to bring him, his Luggage and fome Pro- 
vifions over, and the Horfes fwam. We were 
extraordinary glad to fee our Commander in 
Chief return fafe, tho' his Journey had not ad- 
vanc'd his Delign. Monfieur de la Sale had 
not found out his River, nor been towards the 
IJlinois as we had hoped. Only eight Men re- 
turn'd with him of twenty he carry'd out, 
and all the vifible advantage of that Journey 
confilled in five Horfes, laden with Indian 
Wheat, Beans and fome other Grain, which was 
put into the Store. 

Monfr. de la Sale ask'd me, as foon as he 

Men loCt ^^^^j whether the Sieurs Clerc^ Hurie^ Duhaut the 

and 4 de- younger and two others were come, becaufe 

rert. they 



mto NORTH AMERICA. 75 

they not being able to endure the Fatigue of Sept. 1686 
the Journey, he had given them Leave to ^■'''VNj 
return, and hearing they were not, he conclu- 
ded the Savages had killed them. We were al- 
fo inform'd, that the Sieur Bihorel, had ftray'd 
and was loft, fo that there had been no News 
of him fince; that one of Monfr. de la Sales 
Servants had been dragg'd down to the Bot- 
tom of the Water and devour'd by an Alli- 
gator, and that four others had deferted and 
abandon'd Monfieur de la Sale^ when he was 
about the Country of the Cents. 

This was a very difmal and deplorable Ac- M. de la 
count ; but the even Temper of our Chief made Sale re- 
all Men eafy, and he found, by his great Vivacity f"^""" "t 
of Spirit, Expedients, which reviv'd the loweft ^^t edition 
Ebb of Hope. He rejoiced at the Return and 
Sight of M. Chedeville^ he was pleas' d at the Re- 
covering of his Cloaths and Part of his Papers ; 
and after fome Time of Reft, he propos'd to- 
undertake a Journey towards the Iflimis^ and to 
make it the main Bufmefs, by the Way, to find 
the M.ijfifipi\ but it was thought proper to let 
the great Heats pafs, before that Enterprize 
was taken in Hand. 

In the mean Time, he gave Orders to ftake 
about a Place to make a New Magazine, or 
Storehoufe. He put to that Use the Timber I 
had caus'd to be cut, and would have more pro- 
vided for the fame Ufe. Detachments being 
fent to work, feven or eight of our Men, who 
were fent with the Sieur Barbier, were difco- 
ver'd by the Savages, who being fuperior in 
Number, made as if they would hem them in ; 
but each of our Men having taken a Tree up- 
on their Shoulders and fir'd their Pieces, which 

made 



76 Monfteur de la S a l e'j- Second Voyage 

Ost. 1686 made one of the Natives drop, the others took 

^^'^^^ him up and withdrew. Yet it was not long be- 
fore they were reveng'd, for they kill'd us two 

yjpf^^" Men, one of them clofe by our Dwelling, and 
the other, who had feparated from the reft of 
the Company to gather Purflain, and could not 
be reliev'd. 

There being every Day fome Difcourfe of 
the Journey to the IJlinois, Monfieur de la Sale 
ask'd me one Day, whether I would make one 
of the Company, and go by the Way of Canada 
to France for Succours. I affured him I was 
entirely devoted to his Will, and would faith- 
fully attend him. Then he began by Degrees 
to provide what he thought necefTary for that 
Expedition. I had two Pair of Sheets, which 
he took, to make him Linen. Canvas Cloaths 
were made of the Sails of the Bark la Belle. 
The Sieur Duhaut having Linen, he took fome 
to diftribute among feveral Perfons. Thus he 
hafted on the Execution of his Defign, but an 
Accident put it off. 

Nov. 1686 It was occafion'd by a Flux which troubled 
Monfieur de la Sale, who having told me he 
could not perform that Journey, as long as he 
continued in fuch condition, I ofFer'd to under- 
take it for him, if he would allow me his Indian, 
and about fifteen Men; but he anfwer'd. That 
his Prefence was requifite among the IJlinois, and 
that it was requifite his Brother ftiould go to 
France. Thus he refus'd my Offer, and could 
not ftiun the ill Fate of that Journey. 

Dec. 1 686 We fpent fome Time longer after this Man- 
ner, during the which, there arofe a Contro- 
verfy about the Privileges the King grants to 
the Firft-born of the French Colonies in Ameri- 



ca. 



into NORTH AMERICA. 

ca. The Sieur Barbier's wife was with Child, 
and he claim'd the Privilege granted for that 
Child. The Widow Talon had a Child born in 
the Paifage from France to America^ and alledg'd, 
that her Child, tho' born before our Arrival, 
ought to be preferr'd; but the Sieur Barrier's 
Wife mifcarrying, the Difpute was not de- 
cided. 

Monfieur de la Sale being recover'd of his In- 
difpofition, Preparations were again made for 
his Journey; but we firfl kept the Chrijimas Ho- 
ly-Days. The Midnight Mafs was folemnly 
fung, and on "Twelve-Day^ we cry'd. The King 
drinks^ {according to the Cujlom of France) tho' 
we had only Water: When that was over we 
began to think of fetting out. Monfieur de la 
Sale gave the Command of the Settlement to the 
Sieur Barbier, direding him what he was to do 
and obferve in his Abfence. 

There remain'd in that Habitation, the Fa- 
thers Maximus and Zenobius, Recolets, Monfieur 
Chedeville, the Prieft, the Marquis de la Sablon- 
niere^ the Sieur Barbier^ Commander, his Wife, 
a Surgeon and others, to the Number of twen- 
ty, among whom were feven Women, or Maids, 
and only the Sieur Barbier marry'd; which is 
much fhort of the Number fome have given out 
remain'd in the Dwelling, without any Ground; 
for the Truth is, there were no more, and par- 
ticularly no Natives, Monfieur de la Sale having 
abfolutely forbid holding any Communication 
with them. As for Beafts, they amounted to 
feventy, or feventy five Swine, great and fmall, 
which was a good Stock; for Fowl, eighteen 
or twenty Hens; fome Casks of Meal, which 

was 



77 

yan. 1687 



Controver- 
sy about 
Privilege. 



Who were 
left in the 
Settlement 
when M. 
de la Sale 
departed. 



yS Monfteur de la S a l e'j" Second Voyage 

Jan. 1687 was kept for the Sick; Powder, Ball, and eight 
^'^'^^^ Pieces of Cannon, without any Bullets. 
Perfons We fet out the 12th of January, in the 

that fet out Year 1687, being feventeen in Number, wz. 
\lt\l'^^ Monfieur de la Sale, Monfieur Cavelier, the 
Priefl, his Brother, Father AnaJJaJius, the Re- 
colet, Meffieurs Moranget and Cavelier, Ne- 
phews to Monfieur de la Sale, the Sieurs Du- 
haut, the Elder, V Arcleveque, Hiens, Liotot, 
Surgeon, young Talon, an Indian, and a Foot- 
man belonging to Monfieur de la Sale, &c. 
We carried along with us Part of the bed 
Things every Man had, and what was thought 
would be of Ufe, wherewith the five Horfes 
were loaded, and we took our Leaves with 
fo much Tenderness and Sorrow, as if we 
had all prefaged, that we fhould never fee 
each other more. Father Zenobius was the 
Perfon who exprefs'd it to me mofl fignifi- 
cantly, faying. He had never been fo fenfi- 
bly touch'd at parting with any Body. 
The Way We went that Day to the Place we calFd 
they tra- /^ Boucon, becaufe there, we had often dry'd 
veil d. Flefh, {which the French call Boucanner from 
the Indian Word) This Place was not far from 
our Habitation. The 13th, we crofs'd a Plain, 
about two Leagues over, where we faw feve- 
ral Herds of Beeves and Flocks of Goats, Tur- 
keys, Buftards, and other Sorts of Wild Fowl. 
We met with Marfhy Lands, which tired our 
Horfes, and came to a Wood that termi- 
nates the Plain, across which, runs a Branch 
of a River, full of Reeds, by Monfieur 
de la Sale call'd the Princefs's River. That Branch 
joins the other, and they both fell together into 
the Bay of St. Lewis. 

We 



into NORTH AMERICA. 79 

We kill'd five Beeves at the Entrance into 7^"- 1687 
the Wood, forded the River, and incamp'd ^"^^f^*^ 
Half a League beyond it, whence Monfieur iie la 
Sale fent Men with the Horfes, to bring the 
Flefh of the Bullocks we had kill'd; the Hides 
of them, which ferv'd to cover us, being very 
ufeful againfl: a violent Shower of Rain 
that fell. 

The 14th, the Rain ceafing, we travell'd o- 
ver another fpacious Plain, where there is a 
Multitude of Beeves and Wild Fowl. We 
faw feveral Tracks, leading every Way, made 
by the Bullocks, of which we faw feveral 
Herds, fome moving on haftily, and others 
running out-right, which made us fuppofe they 
were drove by the Natives. In fhort, having 
halted to help up one of our Horfes that was 
fallen, we faw an Indian following them very 
clofe. Monfieur de la Sale caus'd a Horfe to 
be immediately unloaded, which a Man mount- 
ing, rode after, overtook and brought the 
Indian. 

When the Savage faw himfelf among us, he 
concluded he was a loft Man, he quak'd for 
Fear, and not without Reafon, for moft of our 
Men had refolv'd to kill him ; Monfieur de la 
Sale oppos'd it, alledging, that we were but a 
fmall Number, that very few were left behind 
at the Habitation, and therefore we ought not 
to render our felves odious to the Natives, but 
to use them kindly, that we might have Peace; 
an infallible Maxim, the Praftice of which 
might have been fortunate to him, had he fol- 
low'd it fooner. 

He 



Jan. 1687 



80 Monjjeur de la S a l e'j- Second Voyage 

He therefore caus'd a Fire to be made, gave 
him to Eat and Smoke, and afterwards a Bit of 
Roll-Tabacco, and fome other Trifles. Mon- 
fieur de la Sale gave him to underfland, that he 
came not to hurt any Man, but to fettle Peace 
in all Places, and fo difmifs'd him. The Indian 
recover'd himfelf a little of his Fright; but 
being flill dubious, what his Fate might be, he 
at firft walk'd away gently, flill looking about 
him, and when at a good Diflance, made off as 
faft as he could. We held on our Way, and 
foon after faw another Indian running after the 
Bullocks. Monfieur de la Sale caus'd him to be 
taken, brought to us, and treated as the firft 
had been. 

We had not gone far before we fpy'd a Com- 
pany of Natives coming towards us, on our left, 
but we held on our Way, till they were over 
againfl: us, when Monfieur de la Sale caus'd us 
to halt. The Savages feeing us halt, flood flill 
alfo, which Monfieur de la Sale perceiving, he 
laid his Firelock on the Ground, and advanc'd 
towards them, making figns to him that Com- 
manded them, who was a handfome Man, to 
draw near. That Indian came forward, and 
was follow'd by the refl, all of them Caref- 
fing us after their Manner, which we return'd 
the befl we were able, and then made them 
Smoak. 
Natives Next Monfieur de la Sale gave them to un- 
entertaifi^ d derlland, that we were going towards the Cenis^ 
that we defir'd to be at Peace with them all, and 
that we would return to our own Country, 
whence we would bring them all they had Oc- 
cafion for. Then we diflributed among them 
fome Bits of Roll-Tabacco, fome Strings of 

Beads 



into NORTH AMERICA. 



8i 



Beads and Knives, which they feem'd to be J^"- '687 
pleas'd with, and all this was done by Signs. ^"^^^^ 
Then every Man went his own Way: 
We advanc'd half a League farther, to get into 
a Wood, where Monfieur de la Sale had en- 
camp'd when he went that Way before; we 
cut down Trees to fecure our Pod, and lay 
there that Night. 

Before our Intrenchment was finifh'd, we dif- 
cover'd, firfl: one Indian, then two, and after- 
wards three, coming one after another; which 
giving Monfieur de la Sale fome Jealoufy, he 
caus'd us to handle our Arms, with Orders to 
ftand upon our Guard, for fear of being fur- 
priz'd, and went towards them. They figni- 
fy'd to him, that their People had told them, 
we did not hurt any Body, which was very well, 
and that they were come to fee us. They were 
entertain'd as the others had been, and then 
Signs were made them to withdraw, becaufe 
Night drew on, and having obferv'd, that they 
took Notice of our fortifying our felves, we 
kept a good Guard all the Night, without any 
Difturbance. 

The Fifteenth, we march'd on, intending to 
find out a Ford, in the River call'd of the PrincefSy 
where Monfieur de la Sale had pafs'd before; 
but miffing of it, and the River being fwollen, 
we were oblig'd to go up higher, fometimes 
croffing curious Meadows, and fometimes 
Woods of tall Trees of feveral Sorts, but all jfine 
Young of the fame Thicknefs and ftrait, look- Country. 
ing as if they had been planted by a Line. The 
River running through the midfl of thofe curi- 
ous ihady Groves, which were alfo water'd by 

G feveral 



82 
Jan. 1687 

nick 

Woods. 



Wild Fowl. 



An Indian 
Village a- 
bandon' d. 



Monfieur de la Sale'j- Second Voyage 

feveral little Brooks of very clear and good 
Water, afforded a moft delightful Landskip. 

We alfo met with fome Woods fo thick, that 
that it was requisite to hew a Paffage for the 
Horfes. Towards the Evening we kill'd a 
Bullock, and went to incamp in a little Cop- 
pice, with our ufual Precautions. 

The 1 6th, we continued our Journey, ftill 
following the River upwards, and from Time 
to Time meeting the fame Sort of Failure 
Grounds and the Obftacles of Woods, where 
we were fain to cut our Way through, which 
fatigued us very much; but the Plenty of wild 
Fowl, and particularly of Turkeys, whereof 
we killed many, was an Eafe to our Sufferings, 
and Help to bear our Toil with more Satif- 
fadlion. 

The 17th, was a very toilfome Day's Journey, 
by Reafon of the Woods and Rivulets we were 
to crofs; after which we came to a little Hill, 
on which there were 2 or 300 Cottages of the 
Natives. Those Huts were like large Ovens, 
confifting of long Poles fluck in the Earth 
in a Circle, and joyning above to make the Dome 
or round Top. They had been a Dwelling of 
the Natives, who being gone, had carry'd a- 
way the Hides that cover' d them, and the Mats 
which are us'd to hang the Infides, and to make 
their beds of. 

After a March of fome Hours, our Indian ha- 
ving found a Herd of Beeves, we kill'd feven or 
eight, took the bed of the Meat, and held on our 
Way acrofs a Wood. We ford'd a Branch of 
the River, and proceeded to the Bank of another, 
the Bottom whereof being foul, we in- 
camp'd on the Edge of it, and the Rain falling 

at 



/«/^ NORTH AMERICA. 

at Night and continuing all the next Day, were 
oblig'd to flay there. 

The 19th, the Rain ceafing, we proceeded 
through a thick Fog, and over Places where 
the Water was often up to our Knees, and 
fometimes higher; which, together with our 
being forc'd to cut the Way athwart the Bufhes, 
with our Hatchets, gave us inexpreffible Trou- 
ble, and it had been much greater, had we not 
refolv'd to follow the Ways beaten by the 
Bullocks, whom a natural Inftinft always leads 
to those Parts which are eafiest to pafs. 

We were not free from another Inconveni- 
ency in thofe Tracks, which was their being 
full of Water and very rugged, a Thing no 
Way agreeable to our Shoes, which were no 
other than a Piece of Bullocks Hide or Goats 
Skin quite green, whereof we made a sort of 
Buskins, to ferve inflead of Shoes, but when 
thofe wretch'd Boots were dry'd by the Heat, 
upon our Feet, they hurt us very much, and 
we were often oblig'd to fet our Feet in 
the Water to foften thofe Buskins. However, 
we march'd all the Day, notwithflanding all 
thofe Inconveniences, without finding a proper 
Place to incamp, and at lad came to a River, 
whofe high Bank afforded us a Spot to reft on. 

The 20th, a fmall Rain did not obftrud our 
March, and having crofs'd a Wood, half a 
League athwart, and a Marfh of the fame Ex- 
tent, we came into a large Plain, cut acrofs by 
great Tracks of Bullocks, which went towards 
the River, and made us fuppofe there might 
be a Ford. We follow'd that Way, but found 
the River fo fwollen, and its Stream fo rapid, 
that it was impoffible to crofs it, but were o- 

G 2 blig'd 



83 



Jan. 1687 



Buskins of 
raw Hides 
inftead of 
Shoes. 



84 



Monfteur de la S a l e 'j Second Voyage 



i 



Hebaha- 
mo, Indi- 
an Nation. 



Jan. 1687 blig'd to halt upon its Bank, whence we went to 
^'^^*^^ hunt Bullocks, whereof we had no want, nor of 
Turkeys and other wild Fowl. 

The 2ith, we proceeded up that River, and 
found a narrow deep Place, near which we 
hew'd down a Tree, making it fall fo as to 
reach from the one Bank to the other, in the 
Nature of a Plank, and handed our Baggage 
from one to another over it. The Horfes fwam 
over and we incamp'd on the other Side, near 
a very beautiful Plain. 

Whilfl: we were hewing down fome little 
Wood to intrench ourfelves, we heard a Voice, 
whereupon handling our Arms and going to the 
Place where we heard it, we faw a Company of 
fifteen Savages, who were coming towards us, 
and made Signs to us to go to them, laying 
down their Bows, in Token of Peace. We alfo 
made our Sign to them to draw near, they did 
fo and carefs'd us after their Manner. We made 
them fit down and fmoke, after which, Monfr. 
de la Sale began to converfe with them by Signs, 
and by Help of fome Words of the Language of 
the CeniSy which he was skilful in, he underfl:ood, 
that thefe were their Neighbours and Allies ; 
that their Village was not far off, and that their 
Nation was call'd Hebahamo. Some fmall Presents 
were given them, and they withdrew, promifing 
to return the next Day. 

The 22th, our Horses being fpent and hurt, 
and we much tir'd, the Day was given to Refl:, 
and the Natives did not fail to come, being 
twenty five in Number, fome of whom had Buck- 
lers or Targets made of the ftrongrt Part of the 
Bullocks Hides. They gave us to underftand, 
that they were ingag'd in War towards the NW. 

and 



into NORTH AMERICA. 85 

and told us, they had feen Men like us, who 7^"- 1687 
were but ten Days Journey from that Place. ^"■^'^•^ 
Other Tokens they gave, made us fuppofe it 
was New Spain that they talk'd of. 

Monfr. de la Sale took feveral Words of their 
Language, which Is very different from that of 
the CeniSy and more difficult. As for their Cu- 
ftoms, they are much alike. In fine, having fhewn 
us, that towards the N. W. we fhould meet with 
Plains, where the Way would be eafier, and we 
fhould fhun the Woods, we gave them to eat, 
and fome Prefents, and they took Leave of us. 
A Rain falling and holding all the Night, we 
did not march the •24th. The 25th, we travell'd 
not far, by Reafon of the Rains continuing, and 
that there were feveral Rivers in the Way 
much fwoUen. 

The 1 6th, we proceeded on our Journey, and 
came to the River call'd la Sabloniere^ from the 
many Sand Banks there are in it. The 27th, de- 
parting from it, we came to another little nar- 
row River, but very deep ; going up higher we 
found a Ford, and went to incamp beyond it, in 
a little Wood, where we had a very bad Night, 
becaufe of the Rain which fell again, and the o- 
verflowingof the River, which oblig'd us to make 
a little Sort of Scaffold, to lay our Powder and 
Cloaths on, that they might not be wet. The 
next Day being the 28 th, obferving that the 
Water was dill rifing, we decamp' d to go a 
League farther, to a higher Ground, where we 
made a great Fire to warm and dry us. 

We took Notice the Country was very good, 
the Plains extending as far as the Eye could reach, 
and adorn'd with many little Coppices, affording 
a very agreeable Proipedl. We march'd over 
Part of them the 29th and 30th, after 3 Hours 

G 3 Travel, 



86 

Feb. 1687 



Village in- 
habited. 



Monjieur de la Sale'j Second Voyage 

Travel, found a Way full of Water, which oblig'd 
us to incampon the Bank of a River; pafs'd it the 
31th, and incamp'd in a Wood clofe by. 

The next Day, being the Firfl: of February 
1687, Monfieur de la Sale left me to guard the 
Camp, and took along with him, Monfieur Ca- 
velier his Brother and feven Men, to go fee 
whether he could find any Body in feveral Cot- 
tages our Hunters had difcover'd. He found 
twenty four or twenty five of them, built round 
like thofe I have before mention'd, (landing 
on a rifing Ground, almofl encompafs'd by the 
River, in each of which there were four or five 
Men, and feveral Women and Children. 

The Savages were fomewhat furpriz'd at 
Monfieur de la Sale's coming; however they 
receiv'd him in friendly Manner, and conduc- 
ed him to their Commander's Hut, which was 
immediately fill'd with People, who came to fee 
him. The Elders came together there. Bul- 
locks Hides were laid upon the Ground, on 
which they made Monfieur de la Sale and his 
Company fit. They gave them hung Beef to 
eat, and then fignify'd to them that fome 
of their Allies had given them Notice of 
our being in the Country, and that we were 
going to the Cenis^ and they had imagin'd that 
we would pafs thro' their Country. 

Monfieur de la Sale prefent'd them with fome 
Knives and Bits of Tabacco, and they gave him 
Bullocks Hides, very well drefs'd with the Hair, 
they gave one for a Knife, and would have gi- 
ven many more, but that we told to them, 
that we had no Conveniency to carry them and 
that if they had any Horfes, he would give 
them Axes in Exchange. They anfwer'd, they 
had but two, which they could not part with. 



into NORTH AMERICA. 87 

It being late when Monfieur de la Sale return'd, ■^^'^- '687 
we ftaid there the reft of the Day, and feveral ^-''''VXJ 
Indians came to fee us, in Hopes of receiving 
fome Prefent, offering us Bullocks Hides dreffed, 
which we would not burden our felves with. 

The Second, we fet out again, and halted 
fome Time in that Village, where by the Way 
we barter'd for fome Collars, or a Sort of Knots 
made of Bullocks Hides well drefs'd, which the 
Natives make Ufe of to carry their Burdens, 
whether of Wood, Utenfils, or the Meat they 
kill. They prov'd of Ufe both to us and our 
Horfes, becaufe the Thongs of thofe Collars 
ferv'd to make faft our Burdens. 

We proceeded on our Journey, through a 
Country pleasant enough, but Sandy, and hav- . ' 
ing crofs'd a large Plain, came to the Bank of ^^^^ 
a fine River, call'd la Maligne^ or the Mifchie- 
vous, becaufe in Monfieur de la Sale's former 
Journey, an Alligator devour'd one of his Ser- 
vants, who was fwimming over it. This River 
is as wide as the Seine at Roan^ feems to be very 
navigable and has a very pleafant Country a- 
bout it. We incamp'd in a little Wood adjoin- 
ing to it, and bark'd the Afpen Trees to hut. 

Our Hunters kill'd Beeves, wild Goats, Tur- 
keys and other Wild-Fowl, and among the Indian 
reft fome Creatures as big as an indifferent Cat, Rats. 
very like a Rat, having a Bag under their 
Throat, in which they carry their Young. They 
feed upon Nuts and Acorns, are very fat, and 
their Flefti is much like Pig. 

Hard by there, we found a Place where 
Monfieur de la Sale, in his former Journey had 
hid fome Parcels of Strings of Beads in the 
Trunks of Trees, and we refted there till the 
Eighth of the Month. During that Time, no 

G 4 Day 



88 Monjteur de la S a l e'j- Second Voyage 

Feb. 1687 Day pafs'd without feeing fome of the Natives, 
>!^^*^ who fometimes fpent the whole Day with us, 
and faid they were of feveral Nations. We 
made them fmoke, and always gave them fome 
fmall Prefents. They admir'd that after we 
had writ down fome Words they fpoke to us, 
we repeated them, looking on the Paper. 
Portable Whilfl we (laid, Monfieur de la Sale fet Men 
Canoe, at Work to make a portable Canoe, of long 
Poles, hew'd and joyn'd and then cover'd 
with Bullocks Hides few'd together, having 
pull'd off" the Hair or Wooll, as it may be call'd 
there. That Canoe was of great Ufe to us, to 
crofs Rivers as well for our felves as for our Bag- 
gage, but the Horfes fwam over. 

The Ninth, we put our Canoe into the Water, 
and pafs'd the River in it, and incamp'd half a 
League from thence, on Account of the Grafs, 
which our Horfes flood in Need of to recover 
themfelves a little. The Tenth, we held on 
our Journey, crofTmg feveral fpacious Plains, 
the Grafs whereof was burnt, whence Monfieur 
de la Sale concluded, that there were many Na- 
tives thereabouts. He thought it convenient to 
provide Store of dry'd Flefli, for Fear we fhould 
not find Game in the Country we were going 
to enter upon, and accordingly caufed feveral 
Beeves to be kill'd for that Purpofe. 

For that Reafon, we continued there till the 
1 2th, when we went and incamped on the 
Bank of a River, which Monfieur de la Sale had 
in his former Journey call'd d'Eure. At Night 
there arofe a ftorm, follow'd by Thunder and 
Rain, which fwell'd the Streams, and obliged 
us to (lay there. The 13 th and 14th we crofs'd 
four or five large Rivulets, and then a fine 

curious 



into NORTH AMERICA. 

curious Country, diverfify'd with feveral little 
Woods, Hills and fmall Brooks, affording a de- 
lightful Profped. That pleafant Country was 
terminated by a Wood, which we were to crofs, 
and were favour'd in it by a Way beaten by the 
Bullocks, and at Night we incamped there. 

The 15th, we travel'd along a fine Meadow, 
then over Plains that had been burnt, and at 
Night went to take our Reft on the Bank of a 
fmall Rivulet, about which we faw feveral Foot- 
fteps of Natives, which made us conclude we 
were not far from them; and therefore we 
doubled our Guard, to prevent being furpriz'd. 

The 1 6th, Monfieur de la Sale left me at the 
Guard of the Camp, and took Monfieur Cave- 
lier his Brother, and feven Men with him, to 
go find out the Indians. They had not gone 
half a League before they fpied Horfes and a 
Number of Cottages, without being themfelves 
{^Q.x\ by the Savages. That Village ftood on the 
Side of a Hill, and contain'd about forty Huts, 
ftanding together, befides feveral others ftrag- 
gling. 

When Monfieur de la Sale enter'd the Village, 
the Savages feeing him, came to meet and con- 
du(5l him to the Cottage of their Chief, where 
he and his Company were feated on Bullocks 
Hides. The Elders being come, he fignify'd 
to them the Occafion of his Coming, as he had 
done to the other Nations, with which they 
feem'd to reft fatisfy'd. Some Prefents were 
made them, according to Cuftom, and they of- 
fer' d him a Quantity of Hides, which he re- 
fus'd, telling them, that when he return'd from 
the Cents he would trade with, and furnifli them 
with all they had Occafion for. They confirm'd 

what 



89 

Feh. 1687 



A Village. 



Monfieur 
de la Sale 
well re- 
ceiv* d by 
the Na- 
tives. 



9© Monfteur de la S a l e'j- Second Voyage 

Feb. 1687 what the others had told us, concerning a Na- 
^"^^C^ tion, where fome of them had been, the Men 
whereof were like us, meaning the Spaniards. 
He nam'd to them the Nations we had pafs'd 
through from our Dwelling of St Lewis, to the 
River Maligne, which we had lately pafs'd. 
The Names of thofe Nations are as follows. 
Names of The Spicheats, Kabayes, ThecamonSj Theaure- 
Jf^"i mets, Kiahoba, Choumenes, Kouans, Arhan, Ene- 
piahe, Ahonerhopiheim, Korenkake, Korkone, Omea- 
ojfe, Keremen, Ahehoen, Magbai, Tbecamenes, Oten- 
marhenty Kavagan and Meracouman. Thefe are 
the Nations that lay on our Road; those on the 
Weft and North Weft of the faid River were 
the Kannehonarij Tohaka, Pehir, Coyabegux, Ona- 
pieUj Pichar, Tohan, Kiajfes, Chanzes, Tfera, Bo- 
cretteSj Tfepehoen, Fercouteha, Panego, Petao, Pet- 
zares, Peifacho, Peihoum and Orcampion. 

Thofe we were with then, were call'd TV^o, 
whom we had not before hear'd nam'd. They 
talk'd of a great Nation call'd Ayona and Cano- 
hatinoj who were at War with the Spaniards, 
from whom they ftole Horfes, and told us, that 
one hundred Spaniards were to have come to join 
the Cenis, to carry on that War, but that ha- 
ving heard of our March, they went back. 
Monfieur de la Sale gave them to underftand, 
that we were at War with the Spaniards, and 
that we fear'd them not; and that he was fent 
on their Account by the great Captain of the 
World, who had charg'd him to do them all 
Good, and to affift them in their Wars againft 
fuch Nations as were their Enemies. 

Thofe Savages gave Monfieur de la Sale No- 
tice, that he would find three of our Men a- 
mong the Cenis, which put him in Hopes they 

were 



into NORTH AMERICA. 91 

were thofe he had given Leave to depart at his F^f'- 1687 
former Journey, and of whom he had never fmce ^"^'•^J 
heard. He propos'd to them to barter for 
Horfes; but they had caus'd them to be con- 
vey'd out of the Way, for Fear we fhould take 
them away, excepting only one Bay, which 
Monfieur de la Sale agreed for and return'd to 
us. 

The 17th, we pafs'd a fmall River, with fome 
Difficulty, and incamp'd beyond it. The i8th, 
one of our Horfes going along the Edge of an 
upright Bank, fell into the Water, and came off 
with only a Hurt on the Shoulder; but we 
were fain to unload him, and diftribute his Bur- 
den among us, every one making a Pack; and 
thus we crofs'd a curious Plain, diverfify'd with 
Woods, Hills, Rivulets, and delightful Mea- 
dows. 

The 19th, we travell'd along the Tops of 
thofe Hills, to avoid the Bottoms, and found a 
Difficulty to get down, by Reafon of the Rocks 
we met with at the End of them, and a River 
we were to crofs. Whilfl: we were paffing 
that River, we heard Dogs hunting the Bul- 
locks, two of which coming near us, 
one of them was fhot dead. The Natives who 
were hunting fpying us, fent out two of their 
Number, who creeping from Tree to Tree, 
drew near, and then flood ftill, without daring 
to proceed any farther. We made Signs to 
them to come, which they did, and we made 
them fmoke, till Monfieur de la Sale return'd, 
being gone a little Way to obferve the Body of 
thofe People. 

When come, he told them, he would enter- 
tain Peace with them, that we were going to 

the 



92 Monfieur de la S ale'j- Second Voyage 

Feb. 1687 the Cents, and he believ'd, that thefe very Men 
^^■"^•^ were of their Nation, becaufe they had their 
Accent and fome of their Words. They told 
him their Village was near that Place, and bore 
us Company to our Camp, where after fome 
fmall Prefents given them, they were dif- 
mifs'd. 
Account The 20th, Monfieur de la Sale fent Monfieur 

given by a Moranget and fome others to the Village of 
Native. i^Q{^ Natives, to try whether they could bar- 
ter with them for fome Horfes. In the mean 
Time two Savages came to us, one of them be- 
ing the fame that was with us the Night before, 
and they exprefs'd much Friendfliip for us. That 
particular Indian told us, his name was Pala- 
quechaune, that they were Allies to the Cenis, 
that their Chief had been among the Choumans, 
with the Spaniards:, that the Choumans were 
Friends to the Spaniards, from whom they got 
Horfes, and added fome farther Particulars, 
which the others had before fignify'd to us ; fo 
that we had good Reafon to judge we were 
not far from North Mexico. 

He alfo told us, that the Choumans had given 
their Chief fome Prefents, to perfwade him to 
condud us to them ; that mofl of the faid Na- 
tion had flat Heads ; that they had Indian Corn, 
which gave Monfieur de la Sale Ground to be- 
lieve, that thofe People were fome of the fame 
he had feen upon his firfl Difcovery. That fame 
Native had a very fine Goat's Skin, which I 
purchas'd of him for four Needles, after I had 
Ihewn him how to ufe them, and that Skin 
was of good Ufe to make us Shoes inftead of 
raw Bullocks Hides. 

Some 



into NORTH AMERICA. 93 

Some Time after, Monfieur Moranget re- ■^^^- 1687 
turn'd, gave Monfieur de la Sale an Account of ^'^'^'^^ 
his fhort Journey, and faid. That one of the 
Natives, who faw us the Night before, came to ^- ^°' 
meet and condud him to the Chief's Cottage, ^"S^t s 
where forty Ancient Indians were, by whom 
he had been kindly receiv'd. That the Chief 
had in his Hand a Reed, at the end whereof 
was made fafl a Leaf of a French Book, which 
he had an extraordinary Refped for. That 
they had been made to fit on Bullocks Hides, 
and treated with dry'd Beef. 

That after thefe firft Ceremonies, the Chief 
had given them to underftand, that fome of 
their People had been conduded by a Man like 
us, to our Habitation, and that the faid Man 
had promis'd to bring them to talk with us, in 
order to treat of Peace; but that on the Con- 
trary, we had fired on them and kill'd one of 
their Men, which had oblig'd them to kill the 
Man that led them, and that then they re- 
turn'd. It is not improper here to put the Rea- 
der in Mind, that I have before mention'd this 
Accident, when the Sieur Barbter crofling the 
River in a Canoe, was call'd upon by fome Per- 
fon, who was among the Natives on the Bank 
of the River, who had made two Shots, as it 
had been only the Priming of a Piece, which 
the Sieur Barbier had look'd upon as an Infult, 
and therefore he had alfo fir'd, with all the o- 
ther Particulars, as mention'd before; an Acci- 
dent that happen'd for want of underftand- 
ing one another; which, together with Monfr. 
de la Sale\ forbidding us to have any Commu- 
nication with the Natives, was very prejudici- 
al to us afterwards. 

After 



94 

Feb. 1687 



Monjieur de la S a l e'j" Second Voyage 

After much other Difcourfe, Monfieur Mo- 
ranget having given them fome fmall Prefents, 
they made their return in Bullocks Hides, and 
Goats Skins well drefs'd. He ask'd them for 
fome Horfes to barter; they anfwer'd, they had 
no more than what they flood in Need of. 
We immediately proceeded on our Journey, and 
that day being the 21ft, went to in camp at the 
Edge of a Wood. 

The 2 2d, we went up to an Eminence ter- 
minated by a Rock, at the Foot whereof ran a 
little River, the bottom whereof was all of flat 
Rocks, fit for Building. Thence we defcry'd 
two Natives driving of Bullocks, which made 
us (land upon our Guard, and it appear'd to be 
our Indian^ who had met another, with whom 
he had been acquainted among the Cenis^ and 
whom he had brought along with him. 

Monfieur de la Sale was very glad to fee him, 
and remember'd he was one of thofe of whom 
Men heard ^^ j^^j purchased a Horfe. He ask'd feveral 
Quefliions of him, and among the reft, whether 
he had not feen the four Men who deferted in 
his former Journey, or heard any Talk of the 
others, to whom he had given Leave to return 
to our Dwelling. He anfwer'd, he had feen 
one among the Cenis^ and two others among 
the Ajfonis\ but that he had not heard of any 
more, and that they must needs be dead; as 
alfo the Sieur Bihorel^ who was likewife men- 
tion'd to him. 

He further told us, that there were four or 
five Cottages thereabouts, in which about Fif- 
teen Men refided. At Night he went away. 
Our Indian had kill'd a Cow at a great Diftance 
and ftiot her quite through, at which the other, 

who 



Three loft 
French 



of' 



into NORTH AMERICA. 95 

who had been an Eye Witnels to it, flood a F^i'- 1687 
long Time amaz'd, without fpeaking one ^■'^vV) 
Word, admiring the Effect of our Pieces. That 
Cow was fent for, and the Flefh brought to 
our Camp. 

The 23d, we pafs'd by the Cottages we had 
been told of, where the Natives were with 
their Wives and Children. Monfr. de la Sale 
caus'd us to halt in the Village. We were well 
receiv'd, they prefented us with dry'd Beef, and 
we return'd it in fome Knives. We faw two 
Horfes, one of them a little grey, indifferent 
handfome. They told us they would foon de- 
part that Place, to go join their Companions, 
who were in War with their Enemies. The refl 
of our Men being come up, we went on to 
incamp a League from thence, on the Bank of a 
Rivulet, and at the Foot of one of the highefl 
Mountains in the Country. 

Unloading our Horfes, we perceiv'd there 
wanted a large Axe, which ferv'd us for hew- 
ing down of Trees. Monfieur de la Sale fent 
his Indian to demand it, at the Village we came 
from lad, the Savages faid they had not feen 
it, and it was lofl. He brought back Word, 
that the Savages had told him, that if we would 
flay for them, they would go along with, and 
Ihew us the Way. 

However, we went on the 24th, and in- 
camp'd on the Edge of a Marfh. The 25th, 
the Rain hinder'd us from Marching. The 
26th, Monfieur de la Sale perceiving how diffi- 
cult and dangerous it was to crofs that Marfh, 
fent his Indian to the others, to know whether 
they really defign'd to go with us. They an- 
fwer'd, we mud return thither to join them. 

The 



96 Monfieur de la Sale'j Second Voyage 

Mar. 1687 The 27th. we decamp' d, in order to it ; but took 
^^'S''^ another Way to go meet the Indians. The 28th. 
we faw them marching at a Diftance. One of 
them was detach'd to come tell us, that he 
would fhew us the Way to crofs the Marfh, 
and we went on and incamp'd at the Foot of the 
high Mountain I have fpoken of. 

The firfl: of March^ we join'd the Indians^ on 
the Edge of the Marfh, which we had juft 
crofs' d, where the Rains kept us till the Fifth, 
during which Time we went to find out where 
we might pass a rapid Torrent, that difcharges 
it felf into the River call'd of Canoes^ which we 
pafs'd the 6th, in the Canoe we had made, and 
which did us good Service, to pafs other Rivers 
we met with the 7th and the 8th on our Way. 
River of The 9th, we did not ftir, becaufe of the Rain. 
Canoes. fhe loth, incamp'd on the Bank of a fmall Ri- 
ver, which we crofs'd the nth, and the fame 
Day another River, and incamp'd on the Bank 
of it, and found it adorn'd with very fine 
Mulberry Trees. The 12th we crofs'd an- 
other River, and incamp'd near it. The 13th, 
came again to the River of Canoes^ so call'd by 
Monfieur de la Sale, becaufe he the firft Time 
put Canoes into it, at his former Journey. We 
pafs'd it the 14th, and incamp'd on the other 
Side where we again join'd the Indians. 

The 15th, we held on our Journey with them, 
and found a pleafanter Country than that we 
had pafs'd thro'; and Monfieur de la Sale having 
in his former Journey hid fome Indian Wheat 
Provifions ^'^d Beans, two or three Leagues from that 
hidjpoili. Place, and our Provifions beginning to fall fiiort, 
it was thought fit to go to that Place. Accor- 
dingly he order'd the Sieurs Duhaut, Hiens, Lio- 

tot 



into NORTH AMERICA. 

toi the Surgeon, his own Indian, and his Foot- 
man, whofe Name was Saget, who were follow- 
ed by fome Natives, to go to the Place he de- 
fcribed to them, where they found all rotten 
and quite fpoilt. 

The 1 6, in their Return, they met with two 
Bullocks, which Monfieur de la Sales Indian 
kill'd, whereupon they fent back his Footman, 
to give him Notice of what they had kill'd, that 
if he would have the Flefh dry'd, he might 
fend Horfes for it. The 17th, Monfieur de la 
Sale had the Horfes taken up, and order' d the 
Sieurs Moranget and de Male and his Footman, 
to go for that Meat, and fend back a Horfe 
Load immediately, till the reft was dry'd. 

Monfieur Moranget, when he came thither, 
found they had fmoak'd both the Beeves, tho' 
they were not dry enough; and the faid Sieurs 
Liototj HienSj Duhaut and the reft had laid afide 
the Marrow-Bones and others to roaft them, 
and eat the flesh that remain'd on them, as was 
ufual to do. The Sieur Moranget found fault 
with it, he in a Paffion feiz'd not only the Flefli 
that was fmoak'd and dry'd, but alfo the Bones, 
without giving them any Thing; but on the 
contrary, threatning they fliould not eat fo much 
of it, as they had imagin'd, and that he would 
manage that Flefli after another Manner. 

This paffionate Behaviour, fo much out of 
Seafon, and contrary to Reafon and Cuftom, 
touch'd the Surgeon Liotot, Heins and Duhaut 
to the Quick, they having other Caufes of Com- 
plaint againft Moranget. They withdrew, and 
refolv'd together upon a bloody Revenge; they 
agreed upon the Manner of it, and concluded 
they would murder the Sieur Moranget, Mon- 

H fieur 



97 

Mar. 1687 



Difcontent 
occafiofi' d 
by Monfr. 
Moran- 
get. 



Confpiracy 
to murder 
Monfr. de 
la Sale. 



98 Monjieur de la Sale'j- Second Voyage 

Mar. 1687 fieur de la Sale's Footman and his Indian^ becaufe 
^"^^CSj he was very faithful to him. 

They waited till Night, when thofe unfortu- 
nate Creatures had fupp'd and were afleep. 
Liotot the Surgeon was the inhuman Executioner, 
he took an Ax, began by the Sieur Moranget^ 
Bloody giving him many Strokes on the Head ; the 

Murderers, {^lhiq, he did by the Footman and the Indian, 
killing them on the Spot, whilfl: his Fellow 
Villains, viz. Duhaut, Hiens, TeiJJter and Lar- 
cheveque flood upon their Guard, with their 
Arms, to fire upon fuch as fhould make any Re- 
fi (lance. The Indian and the Footman never 
flir'd, but the Sieur Moranget had fo much Vi- 
gour as to fit up, but without being able to 
fpeak one Word, and the AfTafins obliged the 
Sieur de Marie to make an End of him, tho' he 
was not in the Confpiracy. 

This Slaughter had yet fatisfy'd but one Part 

of the Revenge of thofe Murderers. To finifh 

Confult it and fecure themfelves it was requifite to de- 

to murder ftroy the Commander in Chief. They confult- 

if sle" ^^ ^^ ^^°"^ ^^^ ^^^^^ Method to effed it, and 
refolve to go together to Monfieur de la 
Sale, to knock out the Brains of the mod refo- 
lute immediately, and then it would be eafier to 
overcome the reft. But the River, which was 
between them and us, being much fwollen, the 
Difficulty of paffing it made them put it off the 
1 8th and 19th. On the other Hand Monfieur 
de la Sale was very uneafy, on Account of their 
long Stay. His Impatience made him refolve 
to go himfelf to find out his People and to 
know the Caufe of it. 

This was not done without many previous 
Tokens of Concern, and Apprehenfion. He 

feem'd 



into NORTH AMERICA. 99 

feem'd to have fome Prefage of his Misfortune, ^'^r- '687 
enquiring of fome, whether the Sieur Liotot^ \^m^J 
Hiens and Duhaut had not exprefs'd fome Dif- 
content; and not hearing any Thing of it, he ^^ PV '" 
could not forbear fetting out the 20th, with ■'^^ "'' 
Father Anaffajius and an Indian^ leaving me the 
Command in his Abfence, and charging me 
from Time to Time to go the Rounds about our 
Camp, to prevent being furpriz'd, and to make 
a Smoke for him to direct his Way in Cafe of 
Need. When he came near the Dwelling of 
the Murderers, looking out fharp to difcover 
fomething, he obferved Eagles fluttering 
about a Spot, not far from them, which made 
him believe they had found fome Carrion about 
the Manfion, and he fired a Shot, which was 
the Signal of his Death and forwarded it. 

The Confpirators hearing the Shot, conclu- 
ded it was Monfieur de la Sale^ who was come 
to feek them. They made ready their Arms 
and provided to furprize him. Duhaut paffed 
the River, with Larcheveque. The firfl: of them 
fpying Monfieur de la Sale at a Diflance, as he 
was coming towards them, advanc'd and hid 
himfelf among the high Weeds, to wait his 
paffing by, fo that Monfieur ^d" /<2 Sale fufpefting 
nothing, and having not fo much as charg'd his 
Piece again, faw the aforefaid Larcheveque at a 
good Diflance from him, and immediately ask'd 
for his Nephew Moranget, to which Larcheveque 
anfwer'd. That he was along the River. At ^ 
the fame Time the Traitor Duhaut fired his ^^^>^ 
Piece and fhot Monfr. de la Sale thro' the Head, 
fo that he dropp'd down dead on the Spot, 
without fpeaking one Word. 

H 1 Father 



lOO 

Mar. 1687 



His Cha. 
ra£ler. 



Barbarity 
towards 
the dead 
Body. 



MonCieur de la S a l e 'j- Second Voyage 

Father Anaftaftus^ who was then by his Side, 
flood ftock ftill in a Fright, expeding the fame 
Fate, and not knowing whether he fhould go 
forwards or backwards ; but the Murderer 
Duhaut put him out of that Dread, bidding him 
not to fear, for no Hurt was intended him ; 
that it was Defpair that had prevailed with him 
to do what he faw; that he had long defir'd 
to be revenged on Morangety becaufe he had 
defign'd to ruin him, and that he was partly 
the Occafion of his Uncle's Death. This is the 
exad: Relation of that Murder, as it was pre- 
fently after told me by F. Anaftafius. 

Such was the unfortunate End of Monfieur 
de la Salens Life, at a Time when he might en- 
tertain the greatefl Hopes, as the Reward of 
his Labours. He had a Capacity and Talent 
to make his Enterprize fuccefsful; his Conftancy 
and Courage and his extraordinary Knowledge 
in Arts and Sciences, which render'd him fit 
for any Thing, together with an indefatigable 
Body, which made him furmount all Difficulties, 
would have procur'd a glorious I flue to his Un- 
dertaking, had not all thofe excellent Qualities 
been counterbalanced by too haughty a Beha- 
viour, which fometimes made him infupporta- 
ble, and by a Rigidnefs towards thofe that 
were under his Command, which at laft drew 
on him an implacable Hatred, and was the Oc- 
cafion of his Death. 

The Shot which had kill'd Monfieur de la Sale, 
was alfo a Signal of the Murder to the Afl~affins 
for them to draw near. They all repair'd to 
the Place where the wretched dead Corps lay, 
which they barbaroufly flrip'd to the Shirt, and 
vented their Malice in vile and opprobrious 

Language. 



into NORTH AMERICA 



lOI 



The Surgeon Liotot faid feveral M^^- '687 

- - - g<v^o 



Language 

Times in Scorn and Derifion, Tbere thou 
lieJJ^ Great Bajfa^ there thou lieJJ. In Conclu- 
fion, they dragged it naked among the Bulhes, 
and left it expofed to the ravenous Wild 
Beads. So far was it from what a certain Au- 
thor writes, of their having bury'd him and fet 
up a Crofs on his Grave. 

When thofe Murderers had fatiated their Murderers 
Rage, they fet out to come to us at our Camp, ^^'*^^ ^^ 
with the dry'd Flefh, which they had caui'd to ^ ^^^' 
be brought over the River by the Indians^ who 
had been Spectators of the Murder and of all 
the inhuman Actions that had been committed, 
with Amazement and Contempt of us. When 
they were come to the Camp, they found Mef- 
fieurs Cavelier^ the one Brother, the other Ne- 
phew to the murder'd Commander, whom Fa- 
ther Anaftafius acquainted with the difmal End 
of our Chief, and enjoyn'd them Silence, which 
it is eafy to imagine was very hard upon them; 
but it was absolutely necefTary. 

However, Monfieur Cavelier the Pried, could 
not forbear telling them, that if they would do 
the fame by him, he would forgive them his 
Murder, and only defir'd them to give him 
a Quarter of an Hour to prepare himfelf: They 
answer'd. They had Nothing to fay to him; 
that what they had done was the Effed: of De- 
fpair, to be reveng'd for the ill Ufage they had 
receiv'd. 

I was abfent at that Time; he they call'd 
Larcheveque^ who, as I have faid, was one of the 
Confpirators, had fome Kindnefs for me, and 
knowing they defign'd to make me away too, if 

H 3 I Hood 



I02 

Mar. 1687 



The Author 
fav'd by a 
Friend. 



Dehaut, 
the Mur- 
derer, u- 
furps the 
Command. 



March 
continued. 



Monfieur de la S A l e'j- Second Voyage 

I flood upon my Defence, he parted from them, 
to give me Notice of their mifchievous Refo- 
lution. He found me on a Uttle rifing Ground, 
where I was looking upon our Horfes as they 
graz'd in a little adjacent Bottom. His Intel- 
ligence (truck me to the Heart, not knowing 
whether I lliould fly or (lay ; but at length, hav- 
ing neither Powder nor Shot, nor Arms, and 
the faid Larcheveque giving me Affurances of my 
Life, provided I was quiet and faid Nothing, I 
committed my felf to God's Prote6lion, and 
went to them, without taking any Notice of 
what had been done. 

Dehaut^ pujflF'd up with his new gotten Autho- 
rity, procur'd him by his Villany, as foon as he 
faw me, cry'd out. Every Man ought to com- 
mand in his Turn; to which I made no An- 
fwer; and we were all of us oblig'd to (lifle 
our Refentment, that it might not appear, for 
our Lives depended on it. However, it was 
eafy to judge with what Eyes Father Anaflafius^ 
Meffieurs Cavelier and I beheld thefe Murder- 
ers, to whom we expeded every Moment to 
fall Sacrifices. It is true, we difl^embled fo 
well, that they were not very fufpicious of us, 
and that the Temptation we were under of 
making them away in Revenge for thofe they 
had murder' d, would have eafily prevail'd and 
been put in Execution, had not Monfieur Ca- 
velier, the Prieft, always pofitively oppos'd it, 
alledging, that we ought to leave Vengeance to 
God. 

However the Murderers feiz'd upon all the 
Effefts, without any Opposition, and then we 
began to talk of proceeding on our Journey. 

We 



into NORTH AMERICA. 103 

We decamp'd the 21ft, with our Indians, and ^^^- 1687 

march'd with fuch a heavy Rain, that we were v*'^*^ 

oblig'd to halt on the Bank of a great Stream, 

where one of the Natives that had left us, arriv'd 

with his Wife. We went on the 22d and 23d, 

and pafs'd the River, where Father Anaftafius, 

Monfieur Cavelier and I, who could not fwim, 

had been drown'n, but that the Natives affifl- 

ed and fav'd us. The 24th, we went on thro' a 

marfhy Country, never quitting a fmall Path 

which led to the Village of the Cenis, till the 

28th, when we reded on the Bank of a River Cenis Ri- 

of the fame Name, tho' about ten Leagues di- ^^^• 

(lant from the Village. 

We had hop'd to ford that River, as Monfieur 
de la Sale had done, when he return'd from that 
Country; but it was fo fwollen, that there 
was no doing it, and we were forced to make a 
Canoe of Bullocks Hides. Whilfl we were 
employ'd at that Work, the Indians fwam over 
and went to give Notice to the Cenis of our 
Arrival. 

We found the Country pleafant enough about 
that River, tho' the Land did not feem to be 
any of the bed ; but ftill it was delightful to 
the Eye, well planted with fine Trees of feve- 
ral Sorts, among which, is one that Monfieur 
de la Sale had nam'd Copal, being very beautiful, Copal 
the Leaves of it between those of the Maple Tree. 
and the Lime Trees in Refemblance, and from it 
comes a Gum, of a very agreeable Scent. In 
the fame Place we faw a great Tree, on which 
the late Monfieur de la Sale had caus'd CrolTes 
and the Arms of France to be carv'd. 

H 4 The 



1 04 Monjteur de la S a l e 'j- Second Voyage 

Mar. 1687 The Hunting of Bullocks had fail'd us, and we 
>^^i^^ had feen none from the Place where our late 
Leader had been murder'd. Thus our Provifions 
began to fall fhort, and it was refolv'd on the 
29th, to fend fome Men before, to the Village of 
The Author the Cenis^ to know, whether they had any Indian 
fent to the Corn, and were willing to barter for it. I was 
Cenis>r appointed, with the Surgeon Liotot^ the Tef- 
Provifiom. ji^gy^^ ^nd Hiens^ who was a Buccanier, Mon- 
fieur de la Sale had taken up at Petit Gouave, 
to go with him upon this Expedition. I was 
very unwilling to undertake that Journey, 
with a Murderer and two of his Compani- 
ons, of whom I was fufpicious; but it was 
very requifite to obey, and Duhaut having 
all the EfFefts in his PofTeffion, alledging, that 
a great part of them belong'd to him, he 
gave us fome Axes and Knives to barter for 
Indian Corn, as alfo for Horfes, if any were to 
be had, and accordingly we pafs'd the Ri- 
ver. 
The Coun- We found the Country made up of feveral 
tryde- little Hills, of an indifferent Height, on which 

fcriFd. there are Abundance of Wallnut-Trees and 
Oaks, not fo large as what we had feen before, 
but very agreeable. The Weeds which had been 
fome Time before burnt by the Natives, began 
to fpring up again, and difcover'd large green 
Fields very pleafing to the Sight. 

When we had travell'd fome Time, we dif- 
cover'd three Men a Horfeback, coming 
towards us from the Village, and being 
come near them, faw one drefs'd after the 
Spanijh Fafhion, with a little Doublet, the Bo- 
dy whereof was of blue, and the Sleeves of white 

Fuftian, 



into NORTH AMERICA. 105 

Fuftian, as it were imbroider'd, with very Mar. 1687 
ftreight Breeches, white worded Stockings, *-'^>«^J 
Woollen-Garters, a broad-brim'd, flat-crown'd 
Hat, and long Hair. We prefently concluded ^ ^^" 
he was a Spaniard, and the rather becaufe we Si>afiiard 
had been told, that fome of them were to come 
to join in League with the Cents, again ft an E- 
nemy nation, and we were at a Nonplus; for 
if we fell into their Hands, we muft never ex- 
pect to get away, but be condemn'd to ferve 
either in the Mines, or in the Quarries, in the 
Kingdom of Mexico, for which Reafon we pro- 
vided to give the pretended Spaniard an unkind 
Reception, and then to make the beft of our 
Way back. 

Being come up to him, I fpoke fome Words 
of Spanijh and Italian, to which he return' d 
no Anfwer; but on the contrary, made ufe 
of the Word CouJJica, which in the Lan- 
guage of the Cenis, fignifies, / do not under- 
ftand you; which Anfwer of his remov'd our 
Apprehenfions. The two others were quite 
naked, one of them being mounted on a 
fine grey Mare, and on her were befides 
two Panniers, handfomly made of Reeds, full 
of very fine Meal parch'd, or roafted. Af- 
ter feveral Questions, to which we had no 
very fatisfadory Anfwers, we lighted Fire to 
make them fmoke, and then they prefented 
us with the two Panniers full of Meal, giv- 
ing us to underftand, that their Chief ex- 
pected us in the Village, and having figni- 
fy'd, that they were fent to meet us, we 
gave them fome Knives and Strings of 
Beads. 

We 



io6 Monjteur de la S al e'j- Second Voyage 

Mar. 1687 We ask'd them, whether they had any Men 
^■^^^*^<^ among them like him that was a Horfeback 
in the Spanijh Habit, they anfwer'd, there were 
two in a Neighboring Nation, call'd AJfonyy 
and that he who was clad, had been in their 
Country, and brought thence the Cloaths we 
faw him wear. That Man then (hew'd us a Spa- 
nijh printed Paper, containing the Indulgences 
granted to the Miffioners of NewMexico. After 
this they left us to go on, to our People, for 
which Reafon I writ a Note, giving an Account 
of our having met them. 

We alighted to eat, and let our Horfes 
graze on the Bank of a Rivulet ; but it was not 
long before the fame Natives, who had been 
with us before, appear'd again hard by us. We 
made Signs to them to draw near and eat with 
us; which they did, and then went along with 
us towards the Village, which we would not 
go into, becaufe it was Night. The Indian that 
was clad, flay'd all Night with us, and the two 
others went away. 

When it was Day, we held on our Way to 
the Village ; the Indian that was with us con- 
Ittt ^thf^ duding us to their Chief's Cottage. By the Way, 
French in ^^ ^^^ many Other Cottages, and the Elders 
folemn Coming to meet us in their Formalities, which 
Manner, confifled in fome Goats Skins drefs'd and painted 
of feveral Colours, which they wore on their 
Shoulders like Belts, and Plumes of Feathers of 
feveral Colours, on their Heads, like Coro- 
nets. Six or feven of them had fquare 
Sword Blades, like the Spanijh^ on the Hilts 
whereof they had fallen' d great Plumes of Fea- 
thers, and feveral Hawks Bells; fome of them 
had Clubs, which they call Head-breakers, fome 

only 



into NORTH AMERICA. 

only their Bows and Arrows; others, Bits of 
white Linen, reaching from Shoulder to Shoul- 
der. All their Faces were daub'd with black 
or red, There were twelve Elders, who walk'd 
in the Middle, and the Youth and Warriors in 
Ranks, on the Sides of thofe old Men. 

Being come up to us in that Manner, he 
that conducted us, made a Sign for us to halt, 
which when we had done, all the old Men 
lifted up their Right Hands above their Heads, 
crying out in a mod ridiculous Manner ; but 
it behov'd us to have a Care of laughing. That 
done, they came and imbrac'd us, ufing all Sorts 
of Endearments. Then they made us fmoke, 
and brought to us a French Man of Provence^ 
who was one of thofe that had forfaken the 
late Monfieur de la Sale, at his firft Journey. 

The whole Company conduced us after the 
fame Manner, to their Chief's Cottage; and af- 
ter we had ftaid there a fhort Time, they led us 
to a larger Cottage, a Quarter of a League 
from thence, being the Hut in which they have 
their publick Rejoycings, and the great Af- 
femblies. We found it furnifh'd with Mats for 
us to fit on. The Elders feated themfelves round 
about us, and they brought us to eat, fome 
Sagamite, which is their Pottage, little Beans, 
Bread made of Indian Corn, and another Sort 
they make with boil'd Flower, and at lad they 
made us fmoke. 

During our Repafl:, they entertain'd us with 
the Difcoufe of their Defign to make War on 
a Nation, who were their Enemies, and whom 
they call'd Cannokantimo. When it was over, 
we prefented them, according to Cuftom, 
with fome Knives and Strings of Beads for 

their 



107 

Mar. 1687 



A French 
Man a- 
mong the 
Indians, 



Indian En- 
tertain- 
ment. 



io8 

Mar. 1687 



Huts and 

Families 
in them. 



Manner of 
Building. 



Monfteur de la S a l e'j Second Voyage 

their Wives. We defir'd them to afford us 
fome Indian Corn, in Exchange for other 
Things, which they promis'd, and the French 
Man who was with them, having told us, 
that there was a Diflrid:, which afforded more 
Corn, than that where we were, and where 
his Cottage was, we refolv'd to go thither. 
We propos'd it to the Elders, who would 
needs go along with us, attended by a great 
Number of Youth, and having got ready our 
Horfes, we fet out for that Place. 

By the Way, we faw feveral Cottages at 
certain Diflances, (Iragling up and down, as the 
Ground happens to be fit for Tillage. The 
Field lies about the Cottage, and at other Di- 
flances there are other large Huts, not inha- 
bited, but only ferving for publick Affemblies, 
either upon Occafion of Rejoycings, or to con- 
fult about Peace and War. 

The Cottages that are inhabited, are not 
each of them for a private Family, for in fome 
of them there are fifteen or twenty, each of 
which has its Nook or Corner, Bed and other 
Utenfils to its felf; but without any Partition 
to feparate it from the reft : However, they 
have Nothing in Common befides the Fire, 
which is in the Midft of the Hut, and never 
goes out. It is made of great Trees, the Ends 
whereof are laid together, fo that when once 
lighted, it lafts a long Time, and the firft 
Comer takes Care to keep it up. 

The Cottages are round at the Top, after 
the Manner of a Bee-Hive, or a Reek of Hay. 
Some of them are fixty Foot Diameter. In Or- 
der to build them, they plant Trees as thick 
as a Man's Thigh, tall and ftrait, and placing 

them 



into NORTH AMERICA. 109 

them in a Circle, and joyning the Tops toge- ^'^f- 1687 
ther, from the Dome, or round Top, then ><^f^^ 
they lalh and cover them with Weeds. When 
they remove their DweUings, they generally 
burn the Cottages they leave, and build new 
on the Ground they design to inhabit. 

Their Moveables are fome Bullocks Hides Their move- 
and Goats Skins well cur'd, fome Mats clofe ''^^'^■^• 
wove, wherewith they adorn their Huts, and 
fome Earthen VefTels, which they are very 
skilful at making, and wherein they boil their 
Flefh or Roots, or Sagamife, which, as has been 
faid, is their Pottage. They have alfo fome 
fmall Baskets made of Canes, ferving to put in 
their Fruit and other Provifions. Their Beds 
are made of Canes, rais'd two or three Foot 
above the Ground, handfomly fitted with Mats Beds. 
and Bullocks Hides, or Goats Skins well cur'd, 
which ferve them for Feather Beds, or Quilts 
and Blankets; and thofe Beds are parted one 
from another by Mats hung up. 

When they defign to Till the Ground, they Tillage. 
give one another Notice, and very often above 
an Hundred of each Sex meet together. When 
they have till'd that Piece of Land, after their 
Manner, and fpent part of the Day, thofe the 
Land belongs to, give the others to Eat, and 
then they fpend the reft of the Day in Dancing 
and Merry Making. This fame is pradlis'd 
from Canton to Canton, and fo they till 
Land all together. 

This Tillage confifts in breaking up juft the Inftrument 
Surface of the Earth with a Sort of Wooden >^ ^'^^^'^.f- 
Inftrument, like a little Pick-axe, which they 
make by fplitting the End of a thick Piece of 
Wood, that ferves for a Handle, and putting 

another 



Mar. 1687 



110 Monfieur de la S a l e'j- Second Voyage 

another Piece of Wood fharp Pointed at one 
End into the SHt. This Inftrument ferves 
them inftead of a Hoe, or Spade, for they have 
no Iron Tools. When the Land has been thus 
Women fow. till'd or broke up, the Women Sow and Plant 
the Indian Corn, Beans, Pompions, Water 
Melons, and other Grain and Garden Ware, 
which is for their Suflenance. 
Indians The Indians are generally Handfom, but 

disfigure disfigure themfelves by making Scores, or 
them/elves. Streaks on their Faces," from the Top of the 
Forehead down the Nofe to the Tip of the 
Chin ; which is done by pricking the Skin with 
Needles, or other (harp Inflruments, till it 
bleeds, whereon they ftrew fine Powder of 
Charcoal, and that finks in and mixes with the 
Blood within the Skin. They alfo make after 
the fame Manner, the Figures of living Crea- 
tures, of Leaves and Flowers on their Shoul- 
ders, Thighs, and other Parts of their Bodies, 
and Paint themfelves, as has been faid before, 
with Black or Red, and fometimes both to- 
gether. 
Women. The Women are generally well Shap'd, and 
would not be difagreeable, did they adhere 
to Nature; but they Difguife themfelves as 
ridiculoufly as the Men, not only with the 
Streak they have like them down their 
Face, but by other Figures they make on it, 
at the Corners of their Eyes, and on the other 
Parts of their Bodies; whereof they make 
more particular Show on their Bofom, and 
thofe who have the most, are reckoned the 
handfomeft; tho' that pricking in that Part be 
extremely painful to them. 



It 



into NORTH AMERICA. iii 

It is they that do all the Work in the Cot- M^ir. 1687 
tage, either in Pounding the Indian Corn and ^-^'^VXJ 
Baking the Meal, or making the Pottage of ^0' '^^ ^^^ 
the faid Meal, by them call'd Sagamite, or in jj°^ 
dreffing their other Provifions, or drying or 
parching, or fmoaking their Flefh, fetching 
the Wood they have Occafion for, or the Flefh 
of Bullocks, or other Beads kill'd by their 
Husbands in the Woods, which are often at 
a great Diftance, and afterwards Dreffing them 
as has been faid. They Sow and Plant, when 
the Land has been broke up, and in fhort, do 
almoft all that is requifite for the Support of 
Life. 

I did not obferve that thofe Women were 
naturally given to Lewdnefs ; but their Virtue Their Be- 
is not Proof againfl fome of our Toys, when Saviour, 
prefented them, as Needles, Knives, and more 
particularly Strings of Beads, whereof they 
make Necklaces and Bracelets, and that Temp- 
tation is rarely refilled by them, and the lefs 
becaufe they have no Religion or Law to pro- 
hibit that vile Pradice. It is true their Hus- 
bands, when they take them in the Fact, fome- 
times do punifh them, either by Separation or 
otherwife; but that is rare. 

The Country of thofe Indians being generally 
subjed to no Cold, almofl all of them go naked; Habits. 
unlefs when the North Wind blows, then they 
cover themfelves with a Bullock's Hide, or 
Goat's Skin cur'd. The Women wear nothing 
but a Skin, Mat, or Clout, hanging round them 
like a Petticoat, and reaching down half way 
their Legs, which hides their Nakednefs before 
and behind. On their Heads they have no- 
thing 



112 Monjieur de la S a l e 'j- Second Voyage 

Mar. 1687 thing but their Hair platted and knotted be- 

<-^'V^ hind 

Manners. As for their Manners, it may be faid of 
thefe as of all other Indians of that great Con- 
tinent, that they are not Mifchievous, unlefs 
wrong'd or attack'd; in which Cafe they are 
all Fierce and Revengeful. They Watch all 
Opportunities to be Reveng'd, and never let 
any flip, when offer' d, which is the Caufe of 
their being continually at War with their 
Neighbours, and of that Martial Humour, 
fo Predominant among them. 
Religion. As to the Knowledge of a God, they did not 
feem to us to have any fix'd Notion of Him; 
it is true, we met with fome on our Way, who 
as far as we could judge, believ'd, there was 
fome Superior Being, which was above all 
Things, and this they testify'd by lifting up 
their Hands and Eyes to Heaven, yet without 
any Manner of Concern, as believing that the 
faid exalted Being does not regard at all, what is 
done here below. However none of them 
having any Places of Worfliip, Ceremonies, 
or Prayers, to denote the divine Homage, it 
may be faid of them all, that they have no Re- 
ligion, at leafl thofe that we faw. 
Ceremo- However, they obferve fome Ceremonies; 

nies. but whether they have any Regard to a real or 

pretended Superior Being, or whether they are 
only popular, and proceeding from Cuftom, is 
what we were not able to difcover. Thofe Ce- 
remonies are as follows. When the Corn is 
ripe, they gather a certain Quantity in a Maund 
or Basket, which is placed on a Sort of Seat or 
Stool, dedicated to that Ufe, and ferving on- 
ly upon thofe mifl:erious Occafions, which they 
have a great Veneration for. The 



into NORTH AMERICA. 113 

The Basket with the Corn being placed on ^^r. 1687 
that honour'd Stool, one of the Elders holds ^'^'vv) 
out his Hands over it, and talks a long Time; 
after which, the faid old Man diftributes the 
Corn among the Women, and no Perfon is al- 
low'd to eat of the new Corn, till eight Days af- 
ter that Ceremony. This feems to be in the 
Nature of Offering up or BlefTmg the firfl: 
Fruits of their Harveft. 

At their Aflemblies, when the Sagamite^ or 
Pottage, which is the moll: effential Part of 
their meal, is boil'd in a great Pot, they place 
that Pot on the Stool of Ceremony above men- 
tion'd, and one of the Elders ftretches out his 
Hands over it, muttering fome Words between 
his Teeth for a confiderable Time, after which, 
they fall to eat. 

When the young Folks are grown up to be 
fit to go to the Wars, and take upon them to 
be Soldiers, their Garment, confiding of fome 
Skin, or Clout, together with their Bow, Quiver 
and Arrows, is placed on the aforefaid Stool, 
an old Man fl:retches out his Hands over them, 
mutters the Words as above, and then the Gar- 
ments, Bows, Quivers, and Arrows are given 
to the Perfons they belong to. This may be 
compar'd to Something of a Ceremony of 
Knighting among them. The fame Ceremo- 
nies are us'd by them in the cultivating of their yr^^^^^^ 
Grain and Produdl, but particularly of the Ta- 
bacco, whereof they have a Sort, which has 
fmaller Leaves than Ours ; it is almofl: ever 
green and they use it in Leaves. 

This is what we obferv'd among the Cenis, 
whose Cufloms and Manners differ very little 
from those of other Nations, which we had feen 

I before. 



114 

Mar. 1687 



Nation, 
what is 
meant 
here by it. 



Names of 
Nations. 



Monjteur de la S a l e 'j- Second Voyage 

before and faw afterwards. As to the Point of 
Religion, it is not to be infer'd from what I 
have faid above, that there is none throughout 
that vafl Continent: The Account I have given 
only regards thofe Nations we faw; there may 
be others that have fome Worfliip, and I re- 
member I have heard Monfieur de la Sale fay, 
that the Nation call'd Taken/a^ neighbouring 
on the IJlinois, ador'd the Fire, and that they 
had Cottages which they made ufe of, as Tem- 
ples. 

Before I conclude this fhort Account of the 
Religion, Cuftoms and Manners of the Cenis, 
which belong'd properly to this Place, it is 
fit here alfo to obferve, that the Word 
Nation, is not to be underflood, among thofe 
Indians, to denote a People pofreiTmg a whole 
Province, or vafl: Extent of Land. Thofe Na- 
tions are no other than a Parcel of Villages, 
difpers'd for the Space of twenty or thirty 
Leagues at mofl, which compofe a distindl Peo- 
ple or Nation; and they differ from one ano- 
ther rather in Language than in Manners, 
wherein they are all much alike, or at leall 
they vary but little, as has been mention'd 
above. As for the Names of them, here fol- 
low thofe of fuch as we travel'd through, or 
were near the Way we held from our leaving 
our Habitation near the Bay of the Holy Ghoft, 
till we came among the Cenis. 

The Spicheats, Kabayes, Thecamons, Thearemets, 
Kiabaha, Chaumenes, KouanSj Arhau, Enepiahe, 
Ahonerhopiheim, Koienkahe, Konkone, Omeaojfe, 
Keremen, Ahekouen, Meghty, Tetamenes, Otenmar- 
heUy Kouayon and Meracouman. All thefe Na- 
tions are on the North of the River called la 

Maligne. 



into NORTH AMERICA. 115 

Maligne. Those that follow, are on the Weft ^'tr. 1687 
and North-Weft of the fame River. ^/VV) 

The Kannehouan^ Tohaha^ Pihir^ Cagabegux, 
Onapien, PickaVy TokaUy Kuajfes^ Chancres^ Tefe- 
rabocreteSy Tfepehoueriy Fercoutehuy PanegOy Petao, 
PetzarCy Peifachoy Peihoun^ Orcan and Piou. This 
last Nation borders upon the Cenis^ at the En- 
trance into whofe firft Village I left my Reader, 
to give an Account of the Inhabitants, and 
thither I return, to proceed with my Relation 
and our Journey to the Village, the French Man 
who liv'd among the Natives was to condu(5l us to. 

We arriv'd there at Night, and found other 
Elders coming out to meet us, much after the 
fame Manner as the others mention'd before. 
They led us to their Cottage, made us fit down 
on Mats and fmoke, but not with fo much Ce- 
remony as the others. That done, it was Time 
for us to take our Reft, having given them to 
underftand that we were weary. 

The French Provencal would needs have us 
go to his Cottage, that is to the Hut where he French 
had his Dwelling; for, as I have faid, there Entertain- 
are feveral Families in one of them, and that ^^4y ^^^ 
was one of the greateft in the Canton, having '^^'^^■^• 
been the Habitation of one of their Chief's, 
lately deceafed. 

They allotted us a Place there, for our Goods 
and Packs, the Women immediately made Sa- 
gamite or Pottage, and gave it us. Having 
eaten, we ask'd the French Man whether we 
were fafe, and he anfwering we were, we lay 
down, but yet could not fleep found. 

The next Day, being the firft of April, the 
Elders came to receive and conducted us to the 
Cottage where we had been the Day before. 

I 1 After 



1 1 6 Monjteur de la S a l e'j- Second Voyage 

Apr. 1687 After the ufual Ceremonies, we traded with 
^^'^'^ them for Corn, Meal and Beans, giving in Ex- 
change for the fame. Needles, Knives, Rings 
^ uf"^^ and other Toys. We also purchafed a very 
JO for an ^^^ Stone Horfe, that would have been worth 
twenty Piftoles in France^ for an Ax. 

The Day was fpent in driving our small Bar- 
gains and gathering Provifions, which the Wo- 
men brought. When that was done, it was 
agreed, that I fhould remain there, to lay up 
more Store, and that the others fhould return 
to our Company, which we had left near the 
River, to carry the Provifions and fatisfy 
them they might come fafely. 

Tho' I thought my felf not over fecure a- 
mong the Indians., and befrdes had the DifTatis- 
fadlion of underftanding none of their Lan- 
guage; yet was I not unwilling to flay, that I 
might have an Opportunity of feeing the two 
other French Men, who had forfaken the late 
Monfieur de la Sale., when he firfl travell'd into 
that Country, that I might enquire of them, 
whether they had heard no talk of the Miffijipi 
River, for I ftill held my Refolution of parting 
from our wicked Murderers. 

As foon as they were gone, I gave a young 
Indian a Knife, to go bid thofe two other 
French Men come to me, and whilft he was go- 
ing I drove on my little Trade for Provifions, 
and had frequent Vifits from the Elders, who 
entertain'd me by Signs, with an Account of 
their intended War; to which I ftill anfwer'd, 
nodding my Head, tho' very often I knew not 
what they meant. It was fome Difficulty to 
me to secure my fmall Merchandize, efpecially 
at Night, for the Natives were covetous of them. 

This 



into NORTH AMERICA. 

This Care, which kept me from Sleeping 
found, was the Occafion, that one Night I heard 
fome Body moving near my Bed, and opening 
my Eyes, by the Light of the Fire, which ne- 
ver goes out in those Cottages, perceiv'd a 
Man (lark naked, with a Bow and two Arrows 
in his Hand, who came and fat down by me, 
without faying any Thing. I view'd him for 
fome Time, I fpoke to him, he made me no An- 
fwer, and not knowing what to think of it, I 
laid hold of my two Piflols and my Firelock, 
which the Man perceiving, he went and fat 
by the Fire. I follow'd, and looking (leadfaftly 
on him, he knew and fpoke to me, throwing his 
Arms about and embracing me, and then made 
himfelf known to be one of the French Men 
I had fent for. 

We fell into Difcourfe, I ask'd him for his 
Comrade, he told me, he durft not come, for 
Fear of Monfieur de la Sale. They were both 
Sailors, this Man, who was of Britany, was call'd 
Buter ; the other, of Rochelle, Grollet. They had, 
in that (hort Space of Time, fo perfeftly enur'd 
themfelves to the Cuftoms of the Natives, 
that they were become meer Savages. They 
were naked, their Faces and Bodies with Fi- 
gures wrought on them, like the rest. They had 
taken feveral Wives, been at the Wars and 
kill'd their Enemies with their Firelocks, which 
had gain'd them Reputation; but having no 
more Powder nor Ball, their Arms were grown 
ufelefs, and they had been forc'd to learn to 
fhoot with Bows and Arrows. As for Religion, 
they were not troubled with much of it, and 
that Libertine Life they led, was pleaf- 
ing to them. 

I 3 I 



117 

Apr. 1687 



The Author 
meets ano- 
ther French 
Man among 
the Indians. 



French 
turn' d fa- 
vage. 



1 1 8 Monfteur de la S a l e'j Second Voyage 



Apr. 1687 



Indian 
Maid 
brought to 
the Author. 



I acquainted this Man with the unfortunate 
Death of Monfr. de la Sale, his Nephew and the 
reft, at which, he was furpris'd and concern'd, 
at leaft in outward Appearance. I ask'd him, 
whether he had not heard talk of the Mijftjipi; 
he told me he had not; but only that there was 
a great River forty Leagues from thence to- 
wards the N. W. where the Natives faid there 
were many Nations along its Banks. That 
made me believe, it was the very River we were 
in Search of, or at leaft that it muft be the 
Way to come at it. I gave him to eat, and we 
went to Reft. 

The next and the following Days, I conti- 
nu'd trading, and the Elders their Vifits, and 
their Difcourfe by Signs, concerning their in- 
tended War. Some of them gave me to under- 
ftand, that they had been among the Spaniards., 
who are neverthelefs about two hundred Leagues 
from them. They fpoke some Words of bro- 
ken Spanijhj as Capita^ inftead of CapitaUy a Cap- 
tain, and Cohavillo inftead of Cavallo^ a Horfe, 
and fo of fome others. Buter, the French Man 
return'd to his Dwelling, I gave him fome 
Strings of Beads for his Wives, and defir'd 
him to send the other French Man to me. 

In the mean Time my being alone, as to a- 
ny Perfon I could converfe with, grew very 
irkfome to me, and I know not whether an old 
Man did not perceive it; for he thought it 
would be proper to bring a Companion, to di- 
vert me, and at Night I was furpris'd to fee a 
young Maid come fit down by me, and to hear 
the old Man tell me, he had brought her to be 
my Wife, and gave her to me; but I had far 
different Thoughts to difturb me. I fpoke not 

one 



into NORTH AMERICA. 



19 



one Word to that poor Maid; fhe (lay'd fome ^pf- '687 
Time expeding I would take notice of her, and ^«^^r\i' 

perceiving I did not ftir, or fpeak one Word, 
fhe withdrew. 

Thus I continu'd, without hearing any News, French 
till the Sixth o{ Aprils when the two French Men, Men like 
I have fpoken of, came both, in the Indian Indians. 
Drefs, each of them having only a Clout about 
him, fome Turky Feathers on their Shoulders, 
their Heads and Feet bare. The latter of them 
whofe Name was Grollety had not confented to 
have his Face mark'd like the other, nor to 
cut his Hair after the Indian Manner; for those 
People cut off all theirs, except a fmall Lock 
on the Crown of the Head, like the Turks, 
only some of them have fmall Treffes on the 
Temples. 

I repeated to them the Narrative of Mon- 
fieur de la Sales unfortunate Story. They con- 
firm'd what I had been told before, that the 
Natives had talk'd to them of the great River, 
which was forty Leagues off, towards the N. E. 
and that there were People like us, that dwelt 
on the Banks of it. This confirm'd me in the 
Opinion, that it was the River fo much fought 
after, and that we mud go that Way to return 
to Canada or towards New England. They 
told me, they would willingly go with us. I 
defired them to keep it fecret, which they did 
not, for being inform'd that Monfieur Cavelier 
and the others were coming, they went to meet 
them, and I was again left alone. 

The 8th, three Men came to me, one of 

which was the French Man of Provence, with 

each of them a Horfe, fent by our People to 

carry away all the Provifions I had got together, 

I 4 having 



I20 

Apr. 1687 

The Mur- 
derers re- 
folve to re- 
turn to the 
Habition 
o/St. Le- 
wis. 



The Author 
and others 
refolve to 
part from 
the Mur- 
derers. 



Monfieur de la Sale'j Second Voyage 

having taken a Refolution, as thofe Perfons 
they had fent told us, to return to the Dwel- 
ling of St. Lewis^ about the Bay of the fame 
Name, from whence we came; defigning, as 
they pretended, to build a Boat there, to car- 
ry them over to the Iflands oi America; an im- 
pradicable Notion, for all our Carpenters were 
dead, and tho' they had been alive, they were 
fo ignorant, that none of them would have 
known which Way to go about that Work; 
befides that, we were deftitute of all NecelFaries 
for that Effedl. However we mud obey, and 
fet out with our Provifions. The Rain having 
detain'd us the 9th on the Way, we could not 
come up to them till the next Day, being the 
Tenth. 

Father Anajlajius gave me the Confirmation 
of that Design, and farther told me how rough- 
ly they had been treated by thofe Murderers 
fince my Departure. I know not what it was 
that mov'd them to it, but they had refolved to 
feperate themfelves from thofe Villains, and 
that we should eat apart, viz. Monfieur Cavelier 
the Priefl, F. Anajlajius^ young Cavelier and I, 
which was very agreeable to us, becaufe at leaf! 
we could talk freely, which we durft not do 
before; but at the fame Time they allow'd us 
no more Provifions than would fuffice to keep 
us from ftarving, without giving us Share of any 
Flelh, tho' they often kill'd. 

Our Tyrants flill holding their Refolution to 
return to their former Habitation, thought they 
had not Horfes enough, and therefore deputed 
four of their Number, one of which was the 
French Man half turn'd Indian, to return to the 
Village of the Cenis and endeavour to barter for 

fome 



into NORTH AMERICA. 121 

fome. At the fame Time we agreed together Apr. 1687 
to let thofe Gentlemen know, that we were too '•'''mVJ 
much fatigued to return with them to the faid 
Habitation, and were refolved to remain in 
the Village of the Cenis. Monfieur Cavelier 
undertook to be our Speaker, and to defire Du- 
haut, who was Mafter of all, to give us fome 
Axes, Knives and Strings of Beads, Powder and 
Shot, offering to give him a Note of his Hand 
for the fame. 

To conclude, Monfieur Cavelier made the Deftgn of 
Propofal to Duhaut, difguis'd it the befl he was ^^^^ Mur- 
able, and Duhaut took till the next Day to re- '^'^''^''•^• 
turn his anfwer. He confulted with his Com- 
panions, and acquainted us, that they would 
deal handfomely by us, and give us half the Ef- 
fects and all the Axes, intending to make the 
mod Speed they could, to get to our former 
Dwelling, and to put in Execution what they 
had before defign'd, as to the Building of a Bark. 
But in Cafe they could not fucceed, for want 
of Neceffaries, they would immediately return 
to us and bring F. Zenobius along with them, 
who would be serviceable to us, becaufe, having 
been with Monfieur de la Sale upon his firfl: Dif- 
covery, he underfl:ood the Language of the Na- 
tions about the Mijftjipi River. That whilft 
they were upon that Journey, we fhould take 
Care to gather a Stock of Provifions, and that if 
they fucceeded in building the Bark, they would 
fend us Word, that we might repair to them. 
Monfieur Cavelier approv'd of all they faid, tho' 
we had other Defigns. However it prov'd we 
were all Miftaken, for Providence had order'd 
Affairs otherwise. 

We 



122 

Apr. i68y 



Murderers 
change 
their Mind. 



Monjieur de la S a l e 'j- Second Voyage 

We ftay'd there fome Time, expeding thofe 
who were gone to the Cenis, they (laying longer 
than was requifite for that Journey. The over- 
flowing of the River was their Pretence, but 
the true Reafon was the Women, who as I have 
faid, are not fo forward as to offer themselves, 
but on the other Hand will not be over difficult 
in complying for fome little Prefent, and thofe 
who were fent did not grudge their Time. In 
the mean while the Poflure of our Affairs chang- 
ed, as follows. 

One of our half Savage French Men, whom I 
had acquainted with our Defign to go find the 
Mijftjipiy communicated it to Hautot^ telling 
him all the particulars he had before acquainted 
me with; whereupon Duhaut chang'd his Mind, 
as to the Defign of going to the Habitation of 
St. LewiSy refolving to follow our intended 
Way and execute our Projed. He imparted his 
Thoughts to his Companions, who were of the 
fame Opinion, and all of them acquainted us, that 
they were ready to put in Execution the Enter- 
prize we had form'd. 

This Change troubled us very much, there 
being nothing we coveted more than to 
part with thofe Mifcreants, from whom we 
could at a long Run exped no better Ufage 
than they had afforded our Commander and his 
Friends. However, it was flill requifite to dif- 
femble, there being no other Remedy at that 
Time: But God's Juftice provided for and ref- 
cued us. We continued in that Camp all the 
remaining Part oi Aprils expeding the Perfons 
that had been fent to the Cenis^ and Duhaut in- 
tending to begin to put in Execution his Defign 
of going to find out the MiJJlfipi^ with us, made 

us 



/;//o NORTH AMERICA. 123 

us advance towards the River that was near, in ^^y 1687 
order to pafs it as foon as fallen, and repair to ^'^'''VVJ 
the Village of the Cents. 

We flaid three Days longer in that Post, at Murderers 
the End whereof, he we call'd LarchevequCy one ^ifer in 
of thofe that had been fent out, crofs'd the 0/'>"^»- 
River. He was Duhaut's Creature, and an Ac- 
complice in the Murder of Monfieur de la Sale. 
He inform'd Duhaut^ that one they call'd HienSy 
who was alfo one of our Meffengers, and had 
flayed on the other Side of the River, had 
heard of Duhaut and the reft altering their Re- 
folution, and that he was not of their Mind. 
Hiens was a Buccaniery and by Birth a German. 
Monfieur de la Sale had brought him from Petit 
Gouavey and he was alfo accefTary to the late 
Murders. 

After we had been fome Days longer in the 
fame Place, Hiens arriv'd with the two half 
Savage French Men and about twenty Natives. 
He went immediately to Duhauty and after 
fome Difcourfe, told him, he was not for go- 
ing towards the Mijfijipiy becaufe it would be of 
dangerous Confequence for them, and therefore 
demanded his Share of the Effects he had feiz'd 
upon. Duhaut refufing to comply, and affirm- 
ing, that all the Axes were his own; Hiens y 
who it is likely had laid the Defign before to 
kill him, immediately drew his Piftol, and fired 
it upon Duhauty who ftagger'd about four Paces j^^^ j^^_ 
from the Place and fell down dead. At the haut, and 
fame Time Rutery who had been with HienSy Ruter 
fired his Piece upon Liototy the Surgeon, and Liotot. 
Ihot him thro' with three Balls. 

Thefe Murders committed before us, put me 
into a terrible Confternation ; for believing the 

fame 



124 

May 1687 



More Mif- 
chief pre- 
vented. 



Monfteur de la S a l e'j- Second Voyage 

fame was defign'd for me, I laid hold of my 
Fire-Lock to defend my felf; but Hiens cry'd 
out to me, to fear nothing, to lay down my 
Arms, and afTur'd me he had no Defign againfl 
me; but that he had reveng'd his Mailer's 
Death. He alfo fatisfy'd Monfieur Cavelier and 
Father Anajiajius, who were as much frighted 
as my felf, declaring he meant them no Harm, 
and that tho' he had been in the Confpiracy, yet 
had he been prefent at the Time when Monfieur 
de la Sale was kill'd, he would not have con- 
fented, but rather have obftruded it. 

Liotot liv'd fome Hours after, and had the 
good Fortune to make his Confeffion; after 
which, the fame Ruter, put him out of his Pain, 
with a Piflol-Shot. We dug a Hole in the 
Earth, and bury'd him in it with Duhaut^ doing 
them more Honour than they had done to Mon- 
fieur de la Sale and his Nephew Moranget, whom 
they left to be devour'd by wild Beafts. Thus 
thofe Murderers met with what they had de- 
ferv'd, dying the fame Death they had put others 
to. 

The Natives, Hiens had brought with him, ha- 
ving been Spedators of that Murder, were in a 
Conflernation, and that Affair was of dange- 
rous Confequence to us, who flood in Need of 
them. It was therefore requifite to make the 
bed of it, giving them to underfland, that there 
had been Reafon for fo punifhing thofe dead Per- 
fons, becaufe they had all the Powder and Ball, 
and would not give any to the reft. They re- 
mained fatisfy'd with that Excufe, and he who 
was call'd Larcheveque^ and who was entirely de- 
voted to Duhauty being Abroad a hunting fince 
the Morning, and not knowing what Misfor- 
tune 



/;z/c NORTH AMERICA. 

tune had hapned his Protedor, and Hiens being 
refolv'd to make away with him, Father Ana- 
fJaftus3.nd Monfieur Cavelier took so much Pains, 
that they diflwaded him from it, and I went 
out and met Larcheveque^ to give him Notice 
of that Difafter, and to inform him, how he 
was to behave himfelf. Thus I requited him 
for having come to give me Notice of Monfieur 
de la Sales Death. I brought him to Hiens, who 
declar'd he defign'd him no Harm, and Larche- 
veque gave him the fame AfTurances on his 
Part. Thus all Things are again compos'd, 
and nothing remain'd, but for us to fet out, 
but firft to know what we were to do, and 
which Way to diredl our Courfe. 

Hereupon, Heins took upon him to fpeak, 
and faid, he had promis'd the Natives to go 
to the War with them, and defign'd to be as 
good as his Word; that if we would expe<5t 
his Return, we might by that Time confider 
which Way he would move, and that in the 
mean Time we might flay in the Village among 
the Cenis. This was refolv'd on; we loaded 
all our Effeds on our Horfes, and repair'd to 
the fame Place and the fame Cottage, where 
we had been before, the Chief of it affigning 
us the one Half to lodge and lay up our 
Baggage. 

When the Day for fetting out for the War 
was come, Hiens departed with the Natives, 
four of our Comrades and the two half Savage 
French Men going along with him ; fo that there 
were fix of them, and each took a Horfe. Hiens 
left us all the EfFeds, and defir'd we would (lay 
for him, which we promis'd, not knowing how 
to avoid it, confidering, that the Indians might 

have 



125 

May 1687 



Six French 
Men go to 
the Wars 
with the 
Natives. 



126 

May 1687 



Bewailing 
the Memo- 
ry of Men 
kilPd. 



Monfieur de la S a l e'j- Second Voyage 

have done us Harm, and even have obflrudled our 
Departure. Thus we refign'd ourfelves to Pro- 
vidence, and remain'd fix of us together, vi'z. 
Father Anajiajius, Monfieur Cavalier^ his Ne- 
phew young Cavelier, young Talon, another 
Youth of Paris J and I. There alfo remain'd 
fome old Men, who could not go to the War, 
and the Women. We were alfo join'd by two 
other French Men, who had been left on the other 
Side the River, being the Provencal a.nd one Teijfter, 

During our Stay, and our Warriors being 
abroad upon that Expedition, the old Men of- 
ten vifited us, and told us News from the 
Army by Signs, which we underftood nothing 
of. We were from Time to Time alarm' d, 
feeing the Women weep, without any vifible 
Caufe. The late Monfieur de la Sale had often 
told us, that the Women bewail'd thofe that 
were to be kill'd; but we were inform'd, that 
they did fo, when they call'd to Mind fome 
who had been flain in the former Wars; which 
difpell'd our Apprehenfions. However we 
were uneafy, becaufe thofe old Men and Wo- 
men examined us every Morning and Evening 
when we perform'd our Devotions. 

We laid hold of that Opportunity to give 
them to underfland, that we paid our Duty to 
one God, the only Supreme Sovereign of all 
Things, pointing to Heaven, and endeavour- 
ing in the befl: Manner we were able, to fig- 
nify to them that he was Almighty, that he 
had made all Things, that he caus'd the Earth 
to produce it's Fruits to profper, and the 
Growth of it, which maintain'd them to thrive; 
but this being only by Signs, they did not un- 
derfland us, and we labour'd in vain. 

The 



into NORTH AMERICA. 127 

The 1 8th, we were furpriz'd to fee feveral May i6Sy 
Women come into our Cottage, their Faces ^'^^*^ 
all befmear'd with Earth, and they fet up their ^^^'^" ^^- 
Throats, finging feveral Songs as loud as they ■^f'J ^ 
were able, whereof we underftood not one 
Word. That done, they fell a Dancing in a 
Ring, and we could not tell, what to think of 
that Rejoicing, which lasted full three Hours; 
after which we were inform'd, they had re- 
ceiv'd Advice of the Vidory obtain'd by their 
Warriors over their Enemies. The Dance 
concluded, thofe in the Cottage gave fome 
Bits of Tobacco to thofe without. 

The fame Day, about Noon, we faw him 
that had brought the News, who affirm'd they 
had kill'd at lead Forty of their Enemies. 
After the Rejoicing, all the Women apply'd 
themfelves to make ready their Provifions, fome 
to pound Indian Corn, others to boil Meal, 
which they call Grouller, and others to bake 
Bread, to carry to the Warriors. They all fet 
out the 19th to meet them, and we thought it 
in Policy convenient to send- Meat to our Men 
which was done by the French Man of Provence, 
who went with the Women. 

That fame Day, at Night, the Vidorious Ar- Account 
my returned, and we were informed, that their of the Bat- 
Enemies whom they call CannohatinnOj had ^^^ fought 
expedled them boldly, but that having heard '^•^ ^^^ ^^' 
the Noife, and felt the EfFeds of our Mens 
Fire Arms, they all fled, fo that the Cenis had 
either kill'd or taken Forty Eight Men and 
Women. They had flain feveral of the lat- 
ter, who fled to the Tops of Trees, for want 
of Time to make their Escape otherwife; fo 

that 



nis. 



128 Monjieur de la S a l e'j- Second Voyage 



May 1687 

Barbarity 
of the Men 
towards a 
Woman 
taken. 



Of the Wo- 
men. 



Inhumani- 
ty. 



Cruel Tro- 
phies. 



that many more Women had perifli'd than 
Men. 

They brought Home two of thofe Women 
alive, one of whom had her Head flead for the 
Sake of her Hair and Skin. They gave that 
wretched Creature a Charge of Powder and a 
Ball, and fent Her home, bidding her carry 
that Prefent to her Nation, and to affure them, 
they (hould be again treated after the fame 
Manner, that is, kill'd with Fire Arms. 

The other Woman was kept to fall a Sacri- 
fice to the Rage and Vengeance of the Wo- 
men and Maids; who having arm'd themfelves 
with thick Stakes, fharp Pointed at the End, 
Conduded that Wretch to a By-Place, where 
each of thofe Furies began to torment her, 
fometimes with the Point of their Staff, and 
fometimes laying on her with all their Might. 
One tore oflF her Hair, another cut off her Fin- 
ger, and every one of thofe outrageous Women 
endeavour' d to put her to fome exquisite Tor- 
ture, to revenge the Death of their Husbands 
and Kinfmen, who had been kill'd in the former 
Wars ; fo that the unfortunate Creature ex- 
peded her Death Stroke, as Mercy. 

At lafl, one of them gave her a Stroke with 
a heavy Club on the Head, and another run her 
Stake feveral Times into her Body, with which 
fhe fell down Dead on the Spot. Then they 
cut that miferable Vidim into Morfels, and 
oblig'd fome Slaves of that Nation, they had 
been long poffefs'd of to eat them. 

Thus our Warriors return'd Triumphant 
from that Expedition. They fpar'd none of 
the Prifoners they had taken, except two little 
Boys, and brought Home all the Skins of their 

Heads 



into NORTH AMERICA. 129 

Heads, with the Hair, to be kept as Trophies ^^y '687. 
and glorious Memorials of their Vidory. ^•i/'WI 

The next Day all thofe Savages met in their 
Chief's Cottage, whether all the abovemen- 
tion'd Heads of Hair were carry'd in State. 
Then they made extraordinary Rejoicings in 
that Cottage, whence they went to the Huts of 
the other Prime Men, to perform the fame Ce- 
remony. This Rejoicing lafted three Days, our 
French Companions, who had been the Caufe of 
their Vidlory, bemg call'd to it, and highly 
entertain'd, after their Manner. It will not 
be difagreeable to the Reader, that I here par- 
ticularly defcribe that Ceremony, which after 
having been perform'd in the Cottages of the 
Chief Men, was repeated in ours. 

In the firft: Place, the Cottage was made ^ 
very clean, adorn'd, and abundant of Mats ofReioicin? 
laid on the Floor, on which the Elders, and 
the mod confiderable Perfons fate; after which, 
one of them, who is in the Nature of an Ora- 
tor, or Mafter of the Ceremonies flood up and 
made a Speech, of which we underftood not a 
Word. Soon after that Difcourse was ended, 
the Warriors arriv'd, who had flain any in 
Battle, marching in their proper Order, each 
of them carrying a Bow and two Arrows, and 
before every one of them went his Wife, car- 
rying the Enemies Head of Hair. Two little 
Boys, whofe Lives they had fpar'd, as has been 
faid before, one of them who was wounded 
being a Horfeback, clos'd the proceffion; at 
the Head whereof, was a Woman carrying a 
large Reed, or Cane in her Hand. 

As they came up to the Orator, the War- 
rior took the Head of Hair his Wife had 

K brought 



130 Monjteur de la S a l e'j- Second Voyage 

May 1687. brought, and prefented it to him, which the 
^'^^i^ faid Orator receiv'd with both his Hands, and 
after having held it out towards the four Quar- 
ters of the World, he laid it down on the 
Ground, and then took the next, performing 
the fame Ceremony, till he had gone over them 
all. 

When the Ceremony was ended, they ferv'd 
up the Sagamite, in the Nature of Hafty Pud- 
ding, which thofe Women had provided, and 
before any one touch'd it, the Mafter of the 
Ceremonies took fome in a Veffel, which he car- 
ry 'd as an Offering to thofe Heads of Hair. 
Then he lighted a Pipe of Tabacco, and 
blow'd the Smoke upon them. That being 
perform' d, they all fell to the Meat, Bits 
of the Woman that had been facrific d^ were fervd 
up to the two Boys of her Nation. They alfo ferv'd 
up dry'd Tongues of their Enemies, and the 
whole concluded with Dancing and Singing 
after their Manner: After which, they went 
to other Cottages to repeat the fame Cere- 
mony. 

There was no talk of our Defign till thofe 
Rejoycings were over, and I begn to conceive 
good Hopes of our Succefs. The two Murderers, 
Teiffter and Larcheveque, who had both a Hand 
in the Death of Monfr. de la Sale, had promis'd 
to go along with us, provided Monfr. Cavelier 
would pardon them, and he had given them 
his Word fo to do. In this Expectation we 
continu'd till the 25th, when our French Men, 
who had been at the War, repair'd to our Cot- 
tage, and we confulted about our Bufinefs. 

Hims 



into NORTH AMERICA. 131 

Hiens and others of his Gang, difapproving May 1687 
of our Defign, reprefented to us fuch Difficul- *»*^VNi^ 
ties as they look'd upon to be unfurmountable, 
under which we muft inevitably perilli, or at 
leaft be oblig'd to return to the fame Place. 
Hiens told us, that for his own Part, he would 
not hazard his Life to return into France, only 
to have his Head chopp'd off, and perceiving 
we anfwer'd Nothing to that, but that we per- 
fifted in our Refolution. // is requifite then, faid 
he, to divide what Effects remain. 

Accordingly he laid afide, for F. AnaJJaJius, Hiens 
Meffieurs Cavelier, the Uncle and the Nephew, gives the 0- 
thirty Axes, four or five Dozens of Knives, a- ^^^'^^ "^^^^ 
bout thirty Pounds of Powder and the like ^P^J^J/^' 
Quantity of Ball. He gave each of the the reft of 
others two Axes, two Knives, two or three the Effe£is. 
Pounds of Powder, with as much Ball, and 
kept the reft. As for the Horfes, he kept 
the beft and left us the three leaft. Monfieur 
Cavelier ask'd him for fome Strings of Beads, 
which he granted, and feiz'd upon all the late 
Monfr. de la Sale' s Cloaths, Baggage and other 
Effe(5ls, befides above a thoufand Livres in Mo- 
ney, which belong' d to the late Monfr. le Gros, 
who dy'd at our Dwelling of St. Lewis. Before 
our Departure, it was a fenfible Affliction to us, 
to fee that Villain walk about, in a fcarlet Coat, 
with gold Galons, which had belong'd to the 
late Monfr. de la Sale, and which, as I have faid, 
he had feiz'd. 

After that, Hiens and his Companions with- jj^^ Ca- 
drew to their own Cottage, and we refolv'd velier and 
not to put off our Departure any longer. Ac- his Company 
cordingly, we made ready our Horfes, which P^^^f^°^ 
much alarm'd the Natives, and efpecially the 

K 2 Chief 



132 

May 1687 



French 

Men ft ay 
with the 
Indians. 



Only /even 
fet out for 
Canada. 



Monjteur de la S ale'j- Second Voyage 

Chief of them, who faid and did all he could to 
obftrud our Journey, promifmg us Wives, 
Plenty of Provifions, reprefenting to us the 
immenfe Dangers, as well from Enemies, who 
furrounded them, as from the bad and impaf- 
fable Ways and the many Woods and Rivers 
we were to pafs. However, we were not to 
be moved, and only ask'd one Kindnefs of him, 
in obtaining of which, there were many Diffi- 
culties, and it was, that he would give us 
Guides to condud us to Cappa\ but at length, 
after much Trouble and many Promifes of a 
good Reward, one was granted, and two others 
went along with him. 

All Things being thus order'd for our Depar- 
ture, we took Leave of our Hofts, pafs'd by 
Heins% Cottage and embrac'd him and his Com- 
panions. We ask'd him for another Horfe, 
which he granted. He defired an Atteftation 
in Latin of Monfieur Cavelier^ that he had not 
been concern'd in the Murder of Monfieur de 
la SaUy which was given him, becaufe there was 
no refufing of it; and we set forward without 
Larcheveque and Meunierj who did not keep their 
Word with us, but remain'd among thofe Bar- 
barians, being infatuated with that Courfe ot 
Libertinifm they had run themfelves into. Thus 
there were only feven of us that fluck together 
to return to Canada^ viz. Father Anaflafius^ 
Meffieurs Cavelier the Uncle and the Nephew, 
the Sieur de Marie, one Teiffier, a young Man 
born at Paris, whose Name was Bartholomew and 
I, with fix horfes and the three Indians, who 
were to be our Guides; a very fmall Number 
for fo great an Enterprize, but we put ourfelves 
entirely into the Hands of Divine Providence, 



con- 



/>//o NORTH AMERICA. 

confiding in God's Mercy, which did not for- 
fake us. 

After the firft Day's Journey we incamp'd 
on the Bank of the River, we had left not long 
before, lay there that Night, and the next Day, 
cut down Trees to make a Sort of Bridge or 
Planks to pafs over it; handing over our Goods 
from one to another, and fwimming over our 
Horfes; which Work we were frequently o- 
blig'd to repeat, and as often as we had after- 
wards Occafion to pafs Rivers on our Way, 
which we held on till the 29th, every Day 
meeting with fome Cottage, and at laft, a Ham- 
let or Village, into which we went, and the 
Indian Inhabitants told us, they were call'd 
Nahordikhey and that they were Allies to the 
Cenis. 

We barter'd with them for fome Provifions, 
and their Chief ofFer'd to go with us as far as 
the AJfonys^ who were not farther off than about 
three Leagues, which he accordingly did ; but 
it happening to rain when we came thither, 
and the AJfonys having had no Notice before 
hand, we found but indifferent Reception. 

However, we were conducted to the Chief's 
Cottage ; the Elders had Notice given them, 
they reforted thither, and when our Horfes 
were unloaded, and our Goods plac'd in a Cor- 
ner of the Cottage, which the Chief had al- 
lotted us, we gave them to underftand, that 
our Intention was to go farther, to fetch Com- 
modities to trade with them, at which they 
were pleas' d. They gave us to eat, and the 
Elders ftay'd fome Part of the Evening with us, 
which made us fomewhat Uneafy, and oblig'd us 

K 3 to 



M/7)i 1687 



Nahor- 
dikhes and 
AfFony 



1 34 Monfteur de la S a l e'j Second Voyage 

June 1687 to be upon our Guard ; however the Night 

^'*^^ pafs'd without any Diflurbance. 

The next Morning the Elders came to us a- 
gain. They had provided Mats without the 
Cottage, and made Signs to us to go thither 
and fit down upon them, as we did, leaving two 
of our Company to guard the Baggage. We 
repeated to them what we had faid the Night 
before, and made them fome Prefents of Axes, 
Knives, Strings of Beads and Rings. They fig- 
nify'd they were forry we would go away, and 
endeavour'd the bed they could, to make us 
fenfible of the fame Obftacles the others had 
fignify'd to us ; but it was all in Vain ; howe- 
ver, we flay'd till the first of June^ all the while 
bartering and gathering the beft stock of Pro- 
vifions we could. 

The Second, we remov'd from that Cottage, 
where we had fome Jealoufy, and went to a- 
nother, a Quarter of a League from it, where 

Good En- |-]^£ Chief of it gave us a very good Reception, 

tertatn p^^ ^j^ Woman, who was either his Mother, 
or Governefs of the Cottage, took particular 
Care of us : We were firfl: ferv'd at eating, and 
to keep her in that good Mind, we now and 
then made her fome little Prefents, whilfl fhe, 
by her Care and Kindnefs, fpar'd our Provifi- 
ons, which were necefsary for our Jour- 
ney. 

A continual Rain oblig'd us to flay there 
till the 13th. During our Stay, the Natives 
made feveral Feafls, to which we were al- 
ways invited ; and at length the Rain ceafing, 
we refolv'd to fet out, notwithftanding all 
Monfieur Cavelier and the Priefl's Apprehen- 
fions, which we furmounted, and dircded our 

Courfe 



/Vz/0 NORTH AMERICA. 135 

Courfe towards the TV. E. with two Indians^ June 1687 
who were to condud: us only a fmall Way, and ^■^'"VNJ 
who accordingly foon left us, whatfoever Pro- 
mifes we could make them. They departed to 
return Hone, promifing they would come to us 
again. We encamp'd that Night on the Bank 
of a Rivulet. 

The 14th and 15th, we held on our Way, Bad Ways. 
frequently meeting with Sloughs, which very 
much fatigued us, because we were oblig'd to 
unload our Horfes for them to pafs, and pre- 
vent their flicking in the Mire and fat Soil, 
whence we could not have drawn them out, and 
confequently we were fain to carry all our Lug- 
gage on our own Backs. 

Whilfl: we halted about Noon, that our 
Horfes might graze, as was ufually done by us, 
we difcover'd our two AJfony Indians returning 
towards us, at which we were much rejoiced, 
becaufe they had a better Notion than our- 
felves of the Way we were to go. We made 
them eat and fmoke, and then fet out a- 
gain. 

The 1 6th, we came to a great River, which 
we pafs'd as we had done the firft, and after 
that, met with very bad Ways. 

The 17th, one of our Company being in- 
difpos'd, we could not fet out till Noon, and 
held on till the 21(1, croffing feveral Sloughs and 
Rivers, and then one of our Indians being out of 
Order, it oblig'd us to flay on the Bank of a 
River we had pafs'd. The other Indian feeing 
his comrade fick, went a Hunting, and brought 
a wild Goat; for there are many in that Coun- 
try. The Indians have the Art of dreffmg the 
Heads of thofe Creatures, which they put upon 
K 4 their 



Art to Kill 
Goats and 
WildFowl. 



136 Monfteur de la S a l e'j- Second Voyage 

June 1687 their own, and imitate them fo exadly, that 
^^"""^ they can come very near to them, and then 
feldom fail of killing. The fame Method they 
ufe for Turkeys and other wild Fowl, and fo 
draw them clofe to themfelves. 

The 2 2d, our Indian being fomewhat recover'd 
we decamp'd and proceeded along a better 
Way and pleafanter Country, than that we had 
left behind, and as we enquir'd the bed we could 
of thofe our Indians^ concerning the Neighbour- 
ing Nations and thofe we were going towards, 
among others they nam'd to us, that they call'd 
Cappa. M. Cavelier told us, he remember'd he had 
heard his late Brother Monfieur de la Sale name 
that Nation, and fay he had feen it as he went 
from Canada towards the Mifftfipi. This put 
us in Hopes, that we fhould fucceed in our Dif- 
covery. 
Fine Mea- The 23d, being near a Village, we had been 
dows. jj^ Search of, one of our Indians went before, to 

give Notice of our Arrival. In the mean Time 
we crofs'd mod lovely Plains and Meadows, 
border'd with fine Groves of beautiful Trees, 
where the Grafs was fo high, that it hinder'd 
our Horfes going, and we were oblig'd to 
clear the PalTage for them. 

When we were within Half a League of the 
Village, we faw an Indian^ mounted on a large 
grey Mare, coming along with our Native, 
to meet us, and were told, that Horfeman 
was the Chief of the Village, attended by fome 
others of the fame Place. As foon as that Chief 
came up to us, he exprefs'd very much Kindnefs 
and Affediion ; we gave him to underfland, that 
we did no Body any Harm, unlefs we were firfl 
attack'd. Then we made him fmoke, and when 

that 



into NORTH AMERICA. 

that was done, he made Signs to us to follow 
him, which we did, till we came to the Bank 
of a River, where he again dedr'd us to flay, 
whilft he went to give Notice to the El- 
ders. 

Soon after, a Number of them came, and ha- 
ving join'd us, fignify'd, that they were come 
to carry us to their Village. Our Indians made 
Signs, that it was the Cuflom of the Country, 
and we mull fubmit, and let them do as they 
thought fit. Tho' we were much out of Counte- 
nance at that Ceremony, feven of the prime 
Men among them would have us mount on their 
Backs or Shoulders. Monfieur Cavelier being 
our Chief, mounted firft, and then the reft did 
the fame. 

As for my own Part, being of a pretty large 
Size and loaded with Cloaths, a Firelock, a 
Cafe of Piftols, Powder and Ball, a Kettle and 
other Implements, there is no Doubt but I made 
a fufficient Burden for him that carry'd me, and 
becaufe I was taller than he and my Feet would 
have hung upon the Ground, two other Indians 
held them up for me; fo that I had three to 
carry me. Other Indians took hold of our 
Horfes to lead them, and in that ridiculous E- 
quipage we arriv'd at the Village. Our Carriers, 
who had gone a long Quarter of a League, had 
need enough to reft, and we to be fet down, 
that we might laugh in private, for it behov'd 
us to take Care not to do it before them. 

As foon as we were come to the Chief's Cot- 
tage, where we found above two hundred Per- 
fons, who were come to fee us, and that our 
Horfes were unloaded, the Elders gave us to 
underftand, that it was their Cuftom to wafti 

Strangers 



^37 

June 1687 



M. Cave- 
lier and 
the reft 
carrf d on 
the Backs 
of Indians. 



Ceremo- 
nies at 
their Re- 
ception. 



138 Monfieur de la S A l e'j- Second Voyage 

Junei6%-j Strangers at their firfl Coming; but that we be- 
^'i^^*^ ing clad, they would only wafh our Faces ; 
which one of thofe elders did, with fair Water 
they had in a Sort of Earthen VeiTel, and he 
only wafh'd our Forehead. 
Speeches After this second Ceremony, the Chief made 

them Signs to us, to fit down on a Sort of little Scaf- 

fold, rais'd about 4 Foot above the Ground, and 
made of Wood and Canes, where when we were 
plac'd, the Chiefs of the Villages being four in 
Number, came and made Speeches to us, one 
after another. We liflened to them with Pa- 
tience, tho' we underftood not one Word of 
what they faid to us ; being tir'd with the 
Length of their Harangues, and much more 
with the violent Heat of the Sun, which was 
jufl over our Heads. 

When the Speeches were ended, the Purport 
whereof, as near as we could guefs, was only to 
affure us, that we were very welcome ; we gave 
them to underftand, that we were going into 
our own Country, defigning to return fpeedily, 
to bring them feveral Sorts of Commodities and 
fuch Things as they fhould (land in need 
of. 

Next, we made them the ufual Prefents of 

Axes, Knives, Strings of Beads, Needles and 

Pins, for their Wives, telling them, that 

when we return'd we would give them 

more. 

Their En- We farther fignify'd to them, that if they 

tertain- would afford US fome Corn or Meal, we would 

ment. give them other Things in Exchange, which 

they agreed to. After this they made us eat 

SagamitCy or Hafly-pudding, Bread, Beans, Pom- 

pions and other Things, which we had fufficient 

Need 



into NORTH AMERICA. 139 

Need of. Mofl of us having fcarce eaten any June ib^-j 
Thing all that Day, fome for Want, and others ^•''''VNJ 
out of Devotion, as Monfr. Cavelier^ who would 
obferve the Fall of St. John Baptijl's Eve, 
whofe Name he bore. It is to be obferv'd, 
that the Pompions are incomparably better 
there, than with us. 

The 24th, the Elders met again in our Cot- 
tage. We gave them to underftand, they 
would oblige us, in furnifhing Guides to con- 
duft us to the Village of Cappa, which was in 
our Way; but inilead of granting it, they ear- 
neftly intreated us, to (lay with them and go 
to the Wars againft their Enemies, having been 
told Wonders of our Firelocks, which we pro- 
mis'd to do when we return'd, and that it fhould 
be fhortly, and they feem'd to reft fatisfy'd. 

Thus our Hopes increas'd, but the Joy it oc- 
cafion'd was allay'd by a difmal Accident that 
befell us. Monfieur de Marie, one of the prime „ , 
Men of our Company, having Breakfafted, Marie 
would needs go Bath himfelf in the River we drown' d. 
had pafs'd the Day before, and not knowing 
how to fwim, he went too far and ftep'd into 
a Hole, whence he could not recover himfelf, 
but was unfortunately drowned. Young Mon- 
fieur Cavelier, having been told that Monsieur 
de Marie was going to Bath himfelf, ran after 
him, and coming to the River, faw he was 
drowning, he ran back to acquaint us: We 
hafted thither with a Number of Indians, who 
were there before us; but all too late, fome of 
them div'd, and brought him up dead from 
the Bottom of the Water. 



We 



140 

June 1687 

His Fune- 
ral. 



Humanity 
of the In- 
dians. 



Indian Ce- 
remony to 
the Dead. 



Indian 

Nations. 



Monfteur de la S A l e'j Second Voyage 

We carry'd him to the Cottage, fhedding 
many Tears, the Indians bore Part in our Sor- 
row, and we paid him the lad Duties, offering 
up the ufual Prayers ; after which he was bury- 
ed in a fmall Field, behind the Cottage; and 
whereas, during that doleful Ceremony, we 
pray'd, reading in our Books, particularly Mon- 
fieur Cavelier^ the Pried and Father Anajiafius, 
the Indians gaz'd on us with Amazement, be- 
caufe we talk'd, looking upon the Leaves, and 
we endeavour'd to give them to understand, that 
we pray'd to God for the dead Man, pointing 
up to Heaven. 

We mud do this Right to those good Peo- 
ple, as to declare, that they exprefs'd fingular 
Humanity upon that doleful Accident, as ap- 
pear'd by the fenfible Tedimony of their Ani- 
ons, and all the Methods they us'd to let us 
underdand how great a Share they bore in our 
Sorrow; which we diould not have found in fe- 
veral Parts oi Europe. 

During our diort Stay in that Place, we ob- 
ferv'd a Ceremony that was perform'd by the 
Chief's Wife, vix. that every Morning die 
went to Monfieur de Marie % Grave, and car- 
ry'd a little Basket of parch'd Ears of Corn to 
lay on it, the meaning whereof we could not 
underdand. Before our Departure, we were 
inform'd, that the Villages belonging to our 
Hods, being four in Number, all ally'd toge- 
ther were call'd, Ajfony^ Nathofos, Nachitos and 
Cadodaquio. 

On the 27th, having been inform'd by the 
Natives, that we diould find Canoes, to pafs a 
River that was on our Way. Father Anajiafius 
and I went to fee whether, what they told us 

was 



into NORTH AMERICA. 141 

was true. We found that River was a Branch June 16'ij 

of the fame we had already pafs'd, the Channel ^■'"'"V^^ 

of it being pleafant and navigable, and faw 

fome Canoes, in one of which the Indians car- 

ry'd us over to the other Side, whether we went 

to fee what convenient Place there was for our 

Horfes to come alTiore. We found a very 

proper Place, and returning, made our Report 

to Monfieur Cavelier^ who being then much out 

of Order with Pains in his Feet, we were ob- 

lig'd to ftay there, till the 30th. 

During that Time, we were frequently vi- Janiquo 
fited by the Indians^ both Old and Young, and ^^^^°^' 
of both Sexes, and even the Chiefs of the Na- 
tion, call'd Janiquo^ came to see us, and with 
them we often convers'd in dumb Show, and e- 
very Evening the Women, attended by the War- 
riors, with their Bows and Arrows, reforted to Doleful 
our Cottage, to fing a doleful Sort of Song, Enter tain- 
Ihedding Tears at the fame Time. This would "^^"^^ 
have given us fome Uneafmess, had we not 
before feen the fame Ceremony, and been in- 
form'd, that thofe Women repair in that Man- 
ner to the Chief's Cottage, to intreat him, fmg- 
ing and weeping, to take Revenge on thofe, 
who have kill'd their Husbands, or Relations, 
in former Wars, as I have obferv'd before. In 
all other Respefts, the Manners and Cuftoms of 
this Nation, being much the fame as thofe of 
the CeniSy I (hall add no more concerning 
them. 

The 29th, at Night, we gave Notice to the 
Chief, that we would fet out the next Day, we 
made him fome Prefents in particular, and the 
like to his Wife, becaufe (he had taken special 
Care of us, and departed on the 30th. The 

Chief, 



142 Monfteur de la S a l e'j- Second Voyage 

June 1687 Chief, attended by many other Indians ^ whom 
^'"^^ we found in the Cottages on our Way, went 
to Condudl us as far as the River, which we 
crofs'd in Canoes, and fwam over our Horfes. 
There we took Leave of our Condu6lors, to 
whom we gave some Strings of Beads for their 
Wives, and their Chief would needs Condudl 
us to the next Village. 

By the Way we came to a Cottage, where 

our Guide made us halt, and there they gave 

Cadoda- US to eat. Then we held on our Journey to a 

quio Vil- Village call'd Cadodaquio^ and were conducted 

^^S^- to the Chief's Cottage, who receiv'd us courte- 

oufly, being a Friend to him that went with us. 

It was requifite to unload our Horfes to lie 

there, and we lignified to the Chief, that we 

ftood in Need of Provifions. He fpoke to the 

Women, who brought us fome Meal, which we 

purchafed with Strings of Beads, and the Chief, 

who conduced us thither, took his Leave. 

Having no Defign to flay there any Time, 
we had defired the Chief to appoint fome Per- 
foii to guide us to the Village call'd Cahainihoua^ 
which was in our Way. It happen'd by good 
Fortune, that there were then in that Place 
fome Men and Women of the faid Village, who 
who were come to fetch fome Wood, fit to 
make Bows, there being Plenty of that Sort of 
Trees they make them of, about the Village we 
were in. We signify'd our Defign to them and 
they gave us to underftand they would be glad 
to bear us Company. In the Converfation we 
had with them, they made us comprehend, that 
they had feen People like us, who had Firelocks 
and a Houfe, and that they were acquainted 
with the CappaSj which was very pleafing to us. 

Becaufe 



into NORTH AMERICA. 143 

Becaufe they were not to depart till two Days J^f*^ '687 
after, we refolv'd to flay for them. ^-'''vXJ 

We obferv'd, that there was a Difference 
between the Language of thofe People and the ^^"f^^'*'' 
Inhabitants of the Village we were in, from v °"^- 
that of the Cenis^ and that they had some pecu- 
liar Ceremonies, one whereof is, that when 
the Women have their Terms, they leave the 
Company of their Hulbands and withdraw into 
other Cottages appointed for that Purpofe, 
which no Perfon is to come near, upon Pain 
of being reputed unclean. 

Thofe Women have their Faces flill more 
diffigur'd, than the others we had feen before ; ^r- ifrgj^en 
for they make feveral Streaks, or Scores on them, 
whereas the others had but one. They adorn 
themfelves with little Locks of fine red Hair ; 
which they make fafl to their Ears, in the 
Nature of Pendants. In other Respeds they 
are not difagreeable, and neither Women nor 
Maids are fo ill-natur'd as to make their Lovers 
pine for them. They are not difficult of Accefs, 
and they foon make a Return for a fmall Pre- 
fent. 

The Men wear their Hair fhort, like our 
Capucins, they anoint it with a sort of Oyl, or 
Greafe, and curl it like fnails, after which they 
ftrew on it a Sort of Down, or Lint, died red, 
as we do Powder, which is done when they de- 
fign to be very fine, in order to appear in their 
AfTemblies. They are very fond of their Chil- 
dren, and all the Way of chaftifing them they 
ufe, is to throw Water at them, without ever 
beating or giving them ill Words. 

The 



1 44 Monfieur de la S a l e 'j- Second Voyage 

July 1687 The Indians that were of the Village of Co- 
^'•^^t^^ hainihoua and to condud us thither, not being 
ready to fet out on Wednefday the 2d of July^ 
as they had promis'd, a young Indian offer'd 
himfelf, faying, he would condudl us fafe thi- 
ther, and we fet out with him, dill direding 
our Courfe towards the N. E. We kept clofe 
along the fame River we had crofs'd, and found 
it very pleafant and navigable, the Banks of 
it cover'd with fine Trees of feveral Sorts. 

We had not travell'd above a League, before 
our Guide gave us to underftand, that he had 
forgot a Piece of hard dry'd Skin he had to 
make him Shoes, which he would go fetch and 
return to us, pointing to us with his Hand, 
which Way we were to go, and telling us we 
fhould foon come to a River. 

This fudden Change in the Indian was fome- 
what furprizing and very much perplex'd us ; 
however we held on our Way, and foon came 
to the River he had mention'd to us, which was 
very pleafant and deep. We crofs'd it the next 
Day, on a Sort of Float, which we made with 
much Toil and Labour, and our Horfes fwam 
over. Some Time after we were paffed, we faw 
the Indians coming, who had promifed to bear 
us Company, and were glad to find our Float, 
to crofs the fame River, as they did, and 
proceeded on our Journey all together. 

The 4th, 5th and 6th, we did the fame, 

croffmg a very fine Country, but water'd by 

Plenty of many Brooks, Streams and Rivers. We found 

Abundance of wild Goats, Turkeys and other 

wild Fowl, whereof our Indians kill'd many. 

On the 6th, whilfl we halted on the Bank of 
a River to eat, we heard the Tingling of fome 

fmall 



into NORTH AMERICA. 145 

fmall Bells; which making us look about, we fpy'd J'^h "^^7 
an Indian with a naked Sword- Blade in his Hand, >*^^'^ 
adorned with Feathers of feveral Colours, and 
two large Hawks Bells, that occafion'd the Noife 
we had heard. 

He made Signs for us to come to him, and 
gave us to underftand, that he was fent by the 
Elders of the Village, whither we were going, 
to meet us, careffing us after an extraordinary 
Manner. I obferv'd that it was a Spaniih 
Blade he had, and that he took Pleafure in ring- 
ing the Hawks Bells. 

Having travell'd about half a League with him, 
we difcover'd a Dozen of other Indians coming ^^"'^, ^^' 
towards us, who made very much of and con- "^ ^'"'' 
duded us the Village, to the Chief's Cottage, 
where we found dry'd Bear-Skins laid on the 
Ground, and they made us fit on them, where 
we were treated with Eatables, as were the 
Elders after us, and a Throng of Women came 
to fee us. 

The 7th, the Elders came to give us a Vifit, 
bringing us two Bullocks Hides, four Otters Skins, p^^f^^f^^ 
one white Wild-Goat's Skin, all of them well 
dry'd, and 4 Bows, in Return for the Prefent we 
had before made them. The Chief and another 
came again fome Time after, bringing two 
Loaves, the fineft and the best we had yet feen. 
They look'd as if they had been bak'd in an 
Oven, and yet we had not obferv'd, that there 
were Ovens among any of them. That Chief 
ftay'd with us fome Hours, he feem'd to be very 
ingenious and difcreet, and eafily underflood 
our Signs, which were mod of the Language 
we had. Having order'd a little Boy to bring 
us all we had Occafion for, he withdrew. 

L Towards 



146 Monfieur de la S a l e'j- Second Voyage 

July 1687 Towards the Evening, we were entertain'd 

^'^'^ with aCeremony we had not feen before. ACom- 

The Cere- p^^y of Elders, attended by fome young Men 

the Pipe ^^^ Women came to our Cottage in a Body, 

fmging as loud as they could roar. The fore- 

mofl of them had a Calumet, fo they call a very 

long Sort of Tabacco Pipe, adorn' d with feveral 

Sorts of Feathers. When they had fung a 

while, before our Cottage, they enter'd it, ftill 

linging on, for about a Quarter of an Hour. 

After that, they took Monfieur Cavelier the 

Prieft, as being our Chief, led him in folemn 

Manner out of the Cottage, fupporting him 

•under the Arms. When they were come to a 

Place they had prepared, one of them laid a 

great Handful of Grafs on his feet, two others 

brought fair Water in an Earthen Dish, with 

which they wafh'd his Face, and then made him 

lit down on a Skin, provided for that Pur- 

pofe. 

When Monfieur Cavelier was feated, the El- 
ders took their Places, fitting round about 
him, and the Mafter of the Ceremonies fix'd 
in the Ground two little wooden Forks, and 
having laid a Stick acrofs them, all being paint- 
ed red, he placed on them a Bullock's Hide, 
dryed, a Goat's Skin over that, and then laid 
the Pipe thereon. 

The Song was begun again, the Women 
mixing in the Chorus, and the Concert was 
heightned by great hollow Calabafhes or Gourds, 
in which there were large Gravel Stones, to 
make a Noife, the Indians ftriking on them by 
Meafure, to anfwer the Tone of the Choir ; and 
the pleafanteft: of all was, that one of the Indians 
plac'd himfelf behind Monfieur Cavelier to hold 

him 



into NORTH AMERICA. 147 

him up, whilft at the fame Time he fhook and J^h '^^7 
dandled him from Side to Side, the Motion v^vVJ 
anfwering to the Mufick. 

That Concert was fcarce ended, when the 
Mafler of the Ceremonies brought two Maids, 
the one having in her Hand a Sort of Collar, and 
the other an Otter's Skin, which they plac'd on 
the wooden Forks abovemention'd, at the Ends 
of the Pipe. Then he made them fit down, 
on each Side of Monfieur Cavelier^ in such a Pof- 
ture, that they look'd one upon the other, their 
Legs extended and intermix' d, on which the 
fame Mafter of the Ceremonies laid Monfieur 
Caveliers Legs, in fuch Manner, that they lay 
uppermofl: and acrofs thofe of the two Maids. 

Whilfl: this Adlion was performing, one of 
the Elders made faft a dy'd Feather to the back 
Part of Monfieur Caveliers Head, tying it to 
his Hair. The Singing fhill continu'd all that 
Time, fo that Monfieur Cavelier grown weary 
of its Tedioufnefs, and afham'd to fee himfelf 
in that Pofiiure between two Maids, without 
knowing to what Purpofe, made Signs to us to 
fignify the fame to the Chief, and having given 
him to underfi:and, that he was not well, two 
of the Indians immediately took hold of him 
under the Arms, conduded him back to the 
Cottage and made Signs to him to take his Reft. 
This was about Nine in the Evening, and the 
Indians fpent all the Night in Singing, insomuch 
that fome of them could hold out no longer. 

In the Morning they return'd to Monfieur 
Cavelier, conduded him again out of the Cot- 
tage, with the fame Ceremony and made him 
fit down, fl:ill finging on. Then the Mafter of 
the Ceremonies took the Pipe, which he fill'd 
L 2 with 



148 

July 1687 



Cahayno- 
houa Na- 
tion. 



Indians 
expert Pre- 
fe?its. 



Monfieur de la S a l e 'j- Second Voyage 

with Tabacco, lighted and offered it to Mon- 
fieur Cavelierj but drawing back and advancing 
fix Times before he gave it him. Having at 
lafl put it into his Hands, Monfieur Cavelier 
made as if he had fmok'd and return'd it to 
them. Then they made us all fmoke round, 
and every one of them whiff 'd in his Turn, the 
Mufick (lill continuing. 

About Nine in the Morning, the Sun grow- 
ing very hot, and Monfieur Cavelier being bare 
Headed, made Signs that it did him Harm. 
Then at lafl: they gave over finging, and con- 
ducted him back into the Cottage, took the Pipe, 
put it into a Cafe, made of a Wild-Goat's Skin, 
with the two wooden Forks and the red Stick 
that lay acrofs them, all which one of the El- 
ders offer'd to Monfieur Cavelier^ affuring him 
that he might pafs thro' all the Nations that 
were ally'd to them by Virtue of that Token of 
Peace, and fhould be every where well receiv'd. 
This was the firft Place where we faw the Calu- 
met^ or Pipe of Peace, having no Knowledge ot 
it before, as fome have writ. This Nation is 
call'd Cahaynohoua. 

This Sort of Ceremonies being never per- 
form'd among the Indians without the Expecta- 
tion of receiving fome Prefent, and we having 
befides obferv'd, that fome of them had with- 
drawn themfelves, with Tokens of Diflatis- 
fadion, perhaps becaufe we had interrupted 
their Ceremony, we thought it convenient to 
give them fomething more, and I was appoint- 
ed to carry them an Ax, four Knives and fome 
Strings of Beads, with which they were fatif- 
fied. 

We 



into NORTH AMERICA. 149 

We afterwards (hew'd them an Experiment J^h ^^'^1 
of our Arms, the Noife and Fire whereof ^"•^^^^'^ 
frighted them. They earneftly prefs'd us to 
(lay with them, offering us Wives and whatfo- 
ever elfe we fhould want. To be the better 
quit of them, we promis'd to return, faying we 
were going to fetch Commodities, Arms and 
Tools, which we flood in Need of, that we 
might afterwards flay with them. 

The 9th and loth were fpent in Vifits, and 
we were inform'd by one of the Indians that we 
were not far from a great River, which he de- 
fcrib'd with a Stick on the Sand, and fhew'd it 
had two Branches, at the fame Time pronoun- 
cing the word Cappa^ which, as I have faid, is 
a Nation near the Miffifipi, We then made no 
longer Queftion, that we were near what we 
had been fo long looking after. We entreated 
the Elders to appoint fome men to condud; us, 
promifing to reward them well, which they 
granted, and we fet out the 1 1 th, to the great 
Sorrow of thofe good People, who had enter- '^"^ '^°^^' 
tain'd us so courteoufly. ney proje- 

We travell'd feveral different Ways, which 
we could never have found, had we wanted 
Guides, and fo proceeded till on the 1 2th, one of 
our Guides pretended to be fick, and made 
Signs that he would go back; but obferving, 
that we feem'd to be no Way concern'd, which 
we did on Purpofe, he confulted with his Com- 
panion, and then came to tell us, he was re- 
cover'd. We made him eat and fmoke, and 
continued our Journey the 13th, finding the 
Way very bad and difficult. 

L -i The 



July 1687 



Indians 

with 

Axes. 



Monjieur de la S a l e 'j- Second Voyage 

The 14th, our Indians^ having feen the Track 
of Bullocks, fignify'd they would go kill fome, 
to eat the Flefh, which made us halt for two 
or three Hours. Whilft we ftay'd for our 
Hunters, we prepar'd fome Sagamite, or their 
Sort of Hafty-Pudding. They return'd loaded 
with Flefh, Part whereof we drefs'd, and eat it 
with very good Stomachs. Then we proceeded 
on our Journey till the i8th, and by the Way 
kill'd three Bullocks and two Cows, which oblig'd 
us to halt, that we might make ufe of our Flefh, 
drying it. 

The Night between the 19th and the 20th, 
one of our Horfes breaking loofe, was either 
taken away by the Natives, or loft in the 
Woods. That did not obftruct our Departure, 
tho' the Lofs was grievous to us, and we held 
on our Way till the 24th, when we met a Com- 
pany oi Indians, with Axes, going to fetch Barks 
of Trees, to cover their Cottages. They were 
furpriz'd to fee us, but having made Signs to 
them to draw near, they came, carefs'd and 
prefented us with fome Water Melons they 
had. They put off their Defign of going to 
fetch Bark till another Time, and went along 
with us, and one off our Guides having gone 
before in the Morning to give Notice of our 
coming at the next Village, met with other 
Parcels of Indians, who were coming to meet 
us, and exprefs'd extraordinary Kindnefs. 

We halted in one of their Cottages, which 
they call Defert, becaufe they are in the Midft 
of their Fields and Gardens. There we found 
feveral Women who had brought Bread, Gourds, 
Beans and Water Melons, a Sort of Fruit pro- 
per 



into NORTH AMERICA. 151 

per to quench Third, the Pulp of it being no 7"h '687 
better than Water. t>VNJ 

We fet out again to come to the Village, and 
by the Way, met with very pleafant Woods, 
in which, there were Abundance of (lately Ce- 
dars. Being come to a River, that was be- j Crofs by 
tween us and the Village, and looking over to a River 
the further Side, we difcover'd a great Crofs, '^"^ '^ 
and at a fmall Diflance from it, a House, built /^.J „ 
after the French Fafhion. *' ''"■^^' 

It is eafy to imagine what inward Joy we 
conceiv'd at the Sight of that Emblem of our 
Salvation. We knelt down, lifting up our 
Hands and Eyes to Heaven, to return Thanks 
to the Divine Goodnefs, for having conducted 
us fo happily; for we made no Queftion of 
finding French on the other Side of the River, 
and of their being Catholicks, fmce they had 
Crofles. 

In fhort, having halted fome Time on the 
Bank of that River, we fpy'd feveral Canoes 
making towards us, and two Men cloath'd, 
coming out of the Houfe we had difcover'd, 
who, the Moment they faw us, fir'd each of 
them a Shot to falute us. An Indian being Chief 
of the Village, who was with them, had done fo 
before, and we were not backward in re- 
turning their Salute, by difcharging all our 
Pieces. 

When we had pafs'd the River, and were 
all come together, we foon knew each other 
to be French Men. Thofe we found were the gf"pf.g^f}y 
Sieurs Couture Charpantier and de Launay, both 
of them of Roan^ whom Monfieur de Tonty, Go- 
vernor of Fort St. Lewis among the IJJinois, had 
left at that Pod, when he went down the Mif- 

fifip 



152 Monjteur de la S a l e 'j- Second Voyage 

Julyi6%j jifipi to look after Monfr. de la Sale\ and the 
^'^^i^^ Nation we were then with, was call'd Ac- 
cancea. 

It is hard to exprefs the Joy conceiv'd on 

both Sides ; ours was unfpeakable, for having 

at lafl found, what we had fo earneflly 

TheTravel- defired, and that the Hopes of returning to our 

lers come ^^^j. Country, was in fome Measure affured 

French Ha- ^7 ^^^^ happy Difcovery. The others were 

bitation. pleafed to fee fuch Persons as might bring them 

News of that Commander, from whom they 

expeded the Performance of what he had pro- 

mis'd them ; but the Account we gave them of 

Monfr. de la Sale's, unfortunate Death, was so 

affliding, that it drew Tears from them, and 

the difmal Hiftory of his Troubles and Difa- 

fters render'd them almost inconfolable. 

We were conduced to the Houfe, whither 
all our Baggage was honeftly carry'd by the 
Indians. There was a very great Throng of 
thofe People, both Men and Women, which 
being over, we came to the Relation of the 
particular Circumflances of our Stories. Ours 
was deliver'd by Monfieur Cavelier, whom 
we honour'd as our Chief, for being Brother 
to him, who had been fo. 

We were inform'd by them, that they had 

Who the been Six, fent by Monfr. Tonty^ when he re- 

Frenchmen turn'd from the Voyage he had made down 

were. the Colbert or Mifftftpi River, purfuant to the 

Orders fent him by the late Monfr. de la Sale, 

at his Departure from France ^ and that the faid 

Sieur I'onty had commanded them to build the 

aforesaid House. That having never fmce re- 

ceiv'd any News from the faid Monfr. de la 

Sale 



into NORTH AMERICA. 153 

Sale^ Four of them were gone back to Monfr. J"h '^87 
Tont)\ at the Fort of the IjHnois. wOrVi/ 

In Conckifion, it was agreed among us, to go 
away as foon as pofTible, towards the IJlinoiSy 
and conceal from the Indians^ the Death of 
Monfieur de la Sale, to keep them dill in Awe 
and under Submifl'ion, whilfl we went away 
with the iirfl: Ships that fhould happen to fail 
from Canada for France, to give an Account at 
Court of what had happen'd, and to procure 
Succours. In the mean Time, the Chief of the 
Indians came to invite us to eat. We found 
Mats laid on the Ground for us to fit on, and 
all the Village met to fee us. 

We gave them to underftand, that we came 
from Monfieur de la Sale, who had made a Set- 
tlement on the Bay of Mexico ; that we had 
pafs'd thro' many Nations, which we nam'd, 
and that we were going to Canada for Com- 
modities, and would return down the River ; f[^„^ j^. 
that we would bring Men to defend them a- dians. 
gainfl their Enemies and then fettle among 
them ; that the Nations we had pafs'd through 
had appointed Men to guide us, and we defired 
the fame Favour of them, with fome Canoes 
and Provifions, and that we would reward 
our Guides and pay for what they furnifh'd 
us. 

The Conveniency of an Interpreter, we then 
had, gave us the Opportunity of making our- 
felves be eafily underftood, and the Chief an- 
fwer'd to our Propofals, that he would fend 
Men to the other Villages to acquaint them 
with our Demands, and to confult with them 
what was to be done in that Cafe ; that as 
for the reft, they were amaz'd at our having 

pafs'd 



154 

July 1687 



French 
Houfe a- 
mong the 
Accon- 
cea'j- de- 
fer ib'd. 



ProduSi of 
the Coun- 
try. 



Monfieur de la Sale'j- Second Voyage 

pafs'd thro' fo many Nations, without having 
been detain'd, or kill'd, confidering what a fmall 
Number we were. 

When the Difcourfe was ended, that Chief 
caus'd Meat to be fet before us, as dry'd Flefh, 
Bread made of Indian Corn of feveral Sorts, and 
Water Melons ; after which he made us fmoke, 
and then we return'd to our Houfe, where be- 
ing eas'd of all thofe Impediments, we gave 
each other an Account of our Affairs, at Lei- 
fure, and were inform'd, that those People im- 
patiently expeded the Return of Monfieur de 
la Saky which confirm'd us in the Refolution of 
concealing his Death. We obferv'd the Situa- 
tion of that Poll, and were made acquainted 
with the Nature of the Country and the Man- 
ners of thofe People, of which I ihall give the 
following Remarks. 

The Houfe we were then in, was built of 
Pieces of Cedar laid one upon another, and 
rounded away at the Corners. It is feated on a 
fmall Eminency, half a Musket-fhot from the 
Village, in a Country abounding in all Things. 
The Plains lying on one Side of it, are (lor'd 
with Beeves, wild Goats, Deer, Turkeys, Bu- 
ftards. Swans, Ducks, Teal and other Game. 

The Trees produce plenty of Fruit, and ve- 
ry good, as Peaches, Plumbs, Mulberries, 
Grapes, and Wallnuts. They have a Sort of 
Fruit they call Piaguimina^ not unlike our Med- 
lars, but much better and more delicious. Such 
as live near the Rivers, as that Houfe is, do not 
want for Fifh of all Sorts, and they have Indian 
Wheat, whereof they make good Bread. There 
are alfo fine Plains diverfify'd with feveral Sorts 
of Trees, as I have faid before. 

The 



into NORTH AMERICA. 155 

The Nation of the Accanceds confifls of four 7«/y 1687 
Villages. The firft is call'd Otfotchove, near ^'^^**^ 
which we were ; the fecond Toriman^ both of 
them feated on the River ; the third Tonginga ; ^^^^°/^ "^ 
and the fourth Cappa, on the Bank of the Miffi- ^^^,^ 
ftpi. Thefe Villages are built after a different 
Manner from the others we had feen before, in 
this Point, that the Cottages, which are alike 
as to their Materials and Rounding at the Top, 
are long, and cover'd with the Bark of Trees, 
and fo very large, that feveral of them can hold 
two hundred Perfons, belonging to feveral Fa- 
milies. 

The people are not fo neat as the Cenis^ or Houfiold 
the AJfonis in their Houfes, for fome of them Stuff. 
lie on the Ground, without any Thing under 
them but fome Mats, or a drefs'd Hide. How- 
ever, fome of them have more Conveniencies, 
but the Generality has not. All their Move- 
ables confifl in fome Earthen VefTels and oval 
wooden Platters, which are neatly made, and 
with which they drive a Trade. 

They are generally very well fhap'd and Shape. 
adive ; the Women are handfome, or at leaft 
have a much better Prefence than thofe of the 
other Villages we pafs'd thro' before. They make 
Canoes all of one Piece, which are well wrought. 
As for themfelves they are very faithful, good 
natur'd, and Warriors like the reft. 

The 25th, the Elders being aifembled, came T^^^ here- 
to fee us, and told the Sieur Couture., that they ^^!^^ °f ^^^ 
defign'd to fmg and dance the Calumet^ or Pipe; /l^ ^j^'.g 
becaufe the others had fung it, fome of them to j^^ Cave- 
the late Monfieur de la Sale., and the reft to lier. 
Monfieur Tonty^ and therefore it was but rea- 
fonable they fhould do the fame to get a Fire- 
lock, 



156 

July 1687 



Ceremony 
of the Pipe. 



Monfteur de la S a l e *j" Second Voyage 

lock, as well as the others. Monfieur Cavelier 
was inform'd of it, and it was requifite to con- 
fent to it, to pleafe thofe Indians^ becaufe we 
flood in need of them. 

The Ceremony began with Monfieur Cavelier^ 
who was led under the Arms and feated on a 
Hide, without the Cottage. The Forks, the 
Skins laid on it in Honour of the Pipe, the Sing- 
ing as loud as they cou'd roar, both by Men 
and Women, and all the other Ceremonies were 
obferv'd, as I have mention'd them before ; fo 
that Monfieur Cavelier being weary of them, he 
caus'd the Chief to be told, that he was out of 
Order, and defir'd his Nephew might be put in 
his Place, which was done accordingly, and they 
fpent the whole Night in Singing. In the Morn- 
ing they perform'd fome other Ceremonies, not 
worth relating. 

The Solemnity being ended, by every Man's 
fmoking of the Pipe, the Indians took it, with 
fome Bullocks Hides, and Goats and Otters 
Skins, and a Collar made of Shells, all which 
they carry'd to our Houfe, and we gave them a 
Firelock, two Axes, fix Knives, one hundred 
Charges of Powder, as much Ball, and fome 
Strings of Beads for their Wives. The Chief 
having given Notice of our coming to the other 
Villages, their Deputies came to fee us ; we en- 
tertain'd them in the Houfe, and proposed to 
them our Defigns, as had been done to the 
Chief. They flood confidering a While, then 
held a Sort of Confultation among themfelves, 
which held not long without talking, and then 
agreed to grant us what we ask'd, which was a 
Canoe and a Man of each Village to conduft us, 
upon the promis'd Confideration, and fo they 

went 



into NORTH AMERICA. 157 

went away to the Cottage of the Chief of the J^h '687 
Village. O^-NPO 

The 27th, the Chief and the Elders met a- 
gain to confult about what we demanded 
of them; the Length of the Journey made them 
apprehenfive for thofe, who were to condud: us; 
but, at Length, we having difpell'd their Fears 
by our Arguments, and they having again de- 
liberated fome Time, agreed to our Re- 
queft. We again made them a Prefent, pro- 
mifmg a good Reward to our Guides, and fo 
we prepar'd to fet forwards. Little Bartholo- 
mew the Parifian^ having intimated to us, that 
he would willingly (lay in that Houfe, becaufe 
he was none of the ableft of Body, we recom- 
mended him to the Sieur Couture. We defir'd 
thofe that remain'd there, to keep the Secret 
of Monfr. de la Sale's Death, promis'd to fend 
them Relief, left them our Horfes, which 
were of great Ufe to go a Hunting, and gave 
them fifteen or fixteen Pounds of Powder, eight 
hundred Balls, three hundred Flints, twenty fix 
Knives, and ten Axes, two or three Pounds 
Weight of Beads; Monfr. Cavelier left them 
Part of his Linen, hoping we fhould foon be in "^^^^ J'- 
a Place where we fhould get more ; and all of ^^^ 'f^^^ 
them having made their Peace with God, by 
Means of the Sacrament of Penance, we took 
Leave of them, excepting the Sieur Couture^ who 
went to condud: us Part of the Way. 

We imbark'd on a Canoe belonging to one 
of the Chiefs, being at leaft twenty Perfons, 
as well Women as Men, and arriv'd fafe, 
without any Trouble, at a Village call'd l^oriman^ Toriman 
for we were going down the River. We pro- Village. 
pos'd it to thefe People, or rather demanded 

it 



our- 



158 



7«^ 1687 



Officers. 



The River 
Miflifipi 
found at 
laft. 



Monfieur de la S a l e'j- Second Voyage 

it of them to confirm what had been granted us 
by the others, and they referr'd giving us their 
Anfwer till the next Day; for they do Nothing 
without confulting about it, and we having 
brought a Sack of Indian Wheat, from the 
French Mens Houfe, defir'd the Chief to caufe 
Women to pound it, for which we would give 
'em Something. Immediately he made a Sign to 
his Officers to go call them, and they went 
as readily. 

There were feven or eight of thofe Officers 
always about him, (lark naked and befmear'd, 
fome after one Fafhion, and others after ano- 
ther. Each of them had three or four Cala- 
balhes or Gourds, hanging at a Leather Girdle 
about their Waftes, in which there were feve- 
ral Pebbles, and behind them hung a Horfe's 
Tail, so that when they ran, the Gourds made 
a ratling Noife, and the Tail being born up 
by the Wind, flood out at its full Length, fo 
that Nothing could be feen more ridiculous; 
but it behooved us to take Heed of ihewing 
the lead Smile. 

The remaining Part of the Day was fpent 
in going with the Sieur Couture to fee the fa- 
tal River fo much fought after by us, called 
Colbert^ when firfl difcover'd, and Mififipi, or, 
Mechajfipi by the Natives that were near us. 
It is a very fine River and deep, the Breadth 
of it about a Quarter of a League, and the 
Stream very rapid. The Sieur Couture aflur'd 
us, that it has two Branches or Channels, 
which parted from each other above us, and 
that we had pafs'd its other Branch, when 
we came to the firll Village of the Accanceas, 
with which Nation we ftill were. 

The 



into NORTH AMERICA. 159 

The 28th, the Chief and the Elders being Ju/y i68y 
afTembled, they granted our Requefts. We ^"^'''VNJ 
were to part, in order to be entertain'd in fe- 
veral Places, where we took Notice of fome 
particular Ceremonies, which we had not feen 
among the other Nations. One of them is, 
that they ferve up their Meat in two or four Particular 
large Dilhes, which are firfl: fet down before ^^^^''- 
the two principal Guefls, who are at one End, 
and when they have eaten a little, thofe Difhes 
are fhov'd down lower and others are ferved 
up in their Place, in the fame Manner ; fo that 
the firft Difhes are ferv'd at the upper End 
and thrufl: down lower as others come in. 

He who treats, does not fit down with the 
Company, nor does he eat, but performs the 
Part of a Steward, taking Care of the Dreffing 
and of the Placing of the Meat ferv'd up ; and 
to the End he may appear the finer, he never 
fails to befmear himfelf with Clay, or fome red 
or black Colouring they make ufe of. 

The 29th, we fet out from that Village, and 
imbark'd on two Canoes to crofs the Mifjifipi. 
The Chief and about a Score of young Folks 
bore us Company to the next Village call'd Ton- Tonnm- 
ninguaj feated on the Bank of that River, where ^^* y^i-Mge 
we were receiv'd in the Chief's Cottage, as we 
had been in the others. The Elders treated 
us in their Turns, and the Defcriptions before 
given will ferve for this Place, there being but 
little Difference between them and their Neigh- 
bours, p 

The 30th, we fet out for Cappa^ the laft Vil- y^iag-e. 
lage of \}s\Q,\Accanced s^ eight Leagues diftant from 
the Place we had left. We were obliged to 
crofs the River MiJJiJipi feveral Times in this 

Way, 



Aug. 1687 



160 Monjieur 6.0, la Sale'j- Second Voyage 

Way ; becaufe it winds very much, and we 
had fome foul Weather, which made it late 
before we could reach Cappa. A great Num- 
ber of Youth came to meet us, fome of them 
conduced us to the Chief's Cottage, and others 
took Care of our Baggage, which was reftor'd 
to us very honeftly. We found the Elders 
waiting for us ; a great Fire was kindled to dry 
us, and the Cottage was lighted by feveral 
burning Reeds, which they make use of inilead 
of Flambeaus ; after which we were ferv'd as 
in other Places. 

The 31ft, we receiv'd Vifits from the Elders. 
Their Discourfe ran upon the War they defign'd 
to make, thinking to ingage us in it, and we 
return'd the fame Anfwer as we had done to 
the others, that we would foon return with all 
Things we flood in Need of. We ask'd a Man 
of them, which was granted, and the Day en- 
ded in Feafting. 
Entertain- We would willingly have fet out the First 
ment given of AuguJJ \ but the Chief came and told us, it 
bythelndi- ^Quld not be, becaufe the Women had not 
pounded our Corn, which however was done ; 
but they made ufe of that Pretence to oblige us 
to flay, and to have Leifure to give us fome 
Diverfion, after their Manner. Accordingly, 
about Ten in the Morning, the Warriors and 
Youth came together to Dance. They were 
drefs'd after their befl: Manner, fome of them 
wearing Plumes of feveral Colours, wherewith 
they adorn their Heads, others, inflead of Fea- 
thers, had two Bullocks Horns, and were all 
befmear'd with Clay, or Black and Red, fo that 
they really look'd like a Company of Devils or 
Monfters, and in thofe Figures they danc'd, 

as 



into NORTH AMERICA. i6i 

as I have defcrib'd it, fpeaking of the other ^"g- 1687 
Nations. ^^^Y\) 

The Second, we made ready to be going. 
The Indian given by the firft Village for our 
Guide, would not go any farther. A Man, 
faid to be an Hermaphrodite, ofFer'd to fupply 
his Place, faying, he was willing to go to the 
IJJinois. We took Leave of the Sieur Couture, 
to whom Monfr. Cavelier made an Exhortati- 
on, encouraging him to perfevere and have Pa- 
tience, in Hopes of the Relief we wou'd fend 
him, and fo we imbark'd on the MiJJiJipi in a 
Canoe, being Nine in Number, that is, five of 
us, and the four Indians that were our Guides. 
We were oblig'd to crofs that River very of- 
ten, and no lefs frequently to carry our Canoe 
and Goods, as well on Account of the Rapidi- 
ty of the River, and to find it flacker on the 
one or the other Side of it, which was very 
troublefome to our Guides, as becaufe of the 
little iflands we met with, which are form'd 
by the impetuous beating of the Water upon 
the Banks, that oppofe its Courfe, where the 
Channels happen not to lie flrait ; there it 
waflies away the Earth and bears down great 
Trees, which in Procefs of Time form little 
Iflands, that divide the Channel. At Night 
we incamp'd in one of thofe fmall Iflands, for 
our greater Safety, for we were then come into an Machiga- 
Enemy's Nation, calFd Machigamea, which put mea Nati- 
our Indians into great Frights. ^»- 

It is certain our Toil was very great, for we 
were oblig'd to row in the Canoe, to help our 
Indians to fl:em the Current of the River, be- 
caufe we were going up, and it was very 
fl;rong and rapid ; we were often necefl'itated 

M to 



1 62 Monjteur de la S al e'j- Second Voyage 

Jug. 1687 to land, and fometlmes to travel over miry 
^^^^^^^"^ Lands, where we funk up half way the Leg ; 
other Times over burning Sands, which fcorch'd 
our Feet, having no Shoes, or elfe over Splinters 
of Wood, which ran into the Soles of our Feet, 
and when we were come to the refting Place, 
we were to provide Fuel to drefs our Meat, 
and provide all Things for our Indians^ 
who would not have done fo much as go 
fetch a Cup of Water, tho' we were on the 
Bank of the River, and yet we were happy 
enough in having them. 

We proceeded on, continually undergoing the 
fame Toil, till the Seventh, when, we faw the 
firfl Bullock, we had met on our Way, fince 
our coming among the Accanced s. The Indians^ 
who had a great Mind to eat Flefh, made a 
Sign to me, to go kill it. I purfu'd and Shot, 
but it did not fall, the Indians ran after, kill'd, 
and came to tell us it mufl be parch'd, or dry'd, 
which was accordingly done. I mud here take 
Notice of a Ceremony our Indians perform'd, 
when they came near the Bullock, before they 
flead him. 

In the firfl: Place, they adorn'd his Head 
with fome Swans and Bufl:ards Down, dy'd red, 
and put fome Tabacco into his Nofl:rils, and 
between the Clefts of the Hoofs. When they 
had flead him, they cut out the Tongue, and 
put a Bit of Tabacco into its Place; then 
they fl:uck two Wooden Forks into the 
Ground, laid a Stick acrofs them, on which 
they plac'd feveral Slices of the Flefli, in the 
Nature of an Offering. The Ceremony being 
ended, we parch'd or dry'd the befl: Parts of 
the Beafl: and proceeded on our Journey. 

The 



Ceremony 
at dreffing 
a Bullock. 



Houaba- 
che River. 



/«/(9 NORTH AMERICA. 163 

The 9th, we found the Banks of the River ^"g- 1687 
very high, and the Earth of them Yellow, Red ^-'''VNJ 

and White, and thither the Natives came to ^^"^^^ 
furnilh themfelves with it, to adorn their Bo- y^^^'^ 
dies, on Feflival Days. We held on our Way 
till the 14th, when we met a Herd of Bul- 
locks, whereof we kill'd five, dry'd Part of 
them, and proceeded till the i8th. 

The 19th, we came to the Mouth of the 
River, call'd Houabache^ faid to come from the 
Country of the Iroquois^ towards New England. 
That is a very fine River, its Water extraor- 
dinarv clear, and the Current of it, gentle. 
Our Indians ofFer'd up to it, by Way of Sacrifice, 
fome Tabacco and Beef Steaks, which they fix'd 
on Forks, and left them on the Bank, to be dif- 
pos'd of as the River thought fit. We obferv'd 
fome other Superflitions among thofe poor Peo- 
ple, one whereof was as follows. 

There were fome certain Days, on which 
they Faded, and we knew them, when afToon 
as they awak'd, they befmear'd their Faces and 
Arms, or other Parts of their Bodies, with a 
flimv Sort of Earth, or pounded Charcoal ; for 
that Day they did not eat till Ten or Eleven 
of the Clock at Night, and before they did eat 
they were to wipe off that Smearing, and 
had Water brought them for that Purpofe. 
The Occafion of their Fading was, as they gave 
us to underftand, that they might have good 
Succefs in Hunting, and kill Abundance of Bul- 
locks. 

We held on our Way till the 25th, when the 
Indians fhew'd us a Spring of Salt Water, 
within a Musket Shot of us, and made us go 
afhore to view it. We obferv'd the Ground 

M 2 about 



c/ 



Indian 
Faft. 



Salt Water 
Spring. 



164 

Aug. 1687 



Wild Fruit, 



Miflburis 
River. 



Figure of 
a pretend- 
ed Monfter 



Monfieur de la S a l eV Second Voyage 

about it was much beaten by Bullocks Feet, 
and it is likely they love that Salt Water. The 
Country about, was full of Hillocks, cover'd 
with Oaks and Wallnut-Trees, Abundance of 
Plum-Trees, almoft all the Plums red and pret- 
ty good, befides great Store of other Sorts of 
Fruits, whofe Names we know not, and among 
them one (hap'd like a midling Pear, with Stones 
in it as big as large Beans. When ripe it 
peels like a Peach, the Tafle is indifferent good, 
but rather of the Sweeteft. 

The 27th, having difcover'd a Herd of 
Beeves, we went afhore to kill fome ; I fhot a 
Heifer, which was very good Meat, we put 
a Board the bed of it, and held on our Way 
till the Evening, when we encamp'd on an 
Ifland, where we obferv'd an Alteration in 
the Humour and Behaviour of our Indians. 
This put us under fome Apprehenfion, and the 
more, for that he who was reckon'd an Her- 
maphrodite, told us, they intended to leave us, 
which oblig'd us to fecure our Arms and double 
our Watch during the Night, for Fear they 
(hould forfake us. 

With that Jealoufy we proceeded on our 
Journey the 28th and 29th, coafling along the 
Foot of an upright Rock, about fixty, or eighty 
Foot high, round which the River glides. Held 
on the 30th and 3 id, and the firft of Septem- 
ber pafs'd by the Mouth of a River call'd Mtf- 
fouris^ whofe Water is always thick, and to 
which our Indians did not forget to offer Sa- 
crifice. 

The 2d, we arriv'd at the Place, where the 
Figure is of the pretended Monfter fpoken of by 
Father Marquet. That Monfter confifts of two 

fcurvy 



mfo NORTH AMERICA. 165 

fcurvy Figures drawn in red, on the flat Side of S^p(- 1687 

a Rock, about ten or twelve Foot high, which ^-^^iV) 

wants very much of the extraordinary Height 

that Relation mentions. However our Indians 

paid Homage, by offering Sacrifice to that 

Stone ; tho' we endeavour'd to give them to 

underftand, that the faid Rock had no Manner 

of Virtue, and that we worfhip'd fomething 

above it, pointing up to Heaven ; but it was 

to no Purpofe, and they made Signs to us, that 

they fhould die if they did not perform that 

Duty. We proceeded, coafting along a Chain 

of Mountains, and at length, on the 3d, left River of 

the Miftftpi, to enter the River of the IJli- the mmon 

nois. 

We found a great Alteration in that River, 
as well with Resped; to its Courfe, which is 
very gentle, as to the Country about it, which 
is much more agreeable and beautiful than that 
about the great River, by Reafon of the many 
fine Woods and Variety of Fruit its Banks are 
adorn'd with. It was a very great comfort to 
us, to find fo much Eafe in going up that Ri- 
ver, by Reafon of its gentle Stream, fo that 
we all ftay'd in the Canoe and made much more 
Way. 

Thus we went on till the 8th, without flopping Indian 
any longer than to kill a Bullock, and one of dies ofeat- 
our Indians J who had a craving Stomach, having i"g raw 
eaten fome of its Suet hot and raw, was taken ^"^^' 
very ill, and died of it, as I (hall mention in its 
Place. 

The 9th, we came into a Lake, about half a 

League over, which we crofs'd, and return'd 

into the Channel of the River, on the Banks 

whereof we found feveral Marks of the Natives 

M 3 having 



1 66 Monjieur de la Sale'j Second Voyage 

Sept. 1687 having been incamp'd there, when they came 
^'^'^^^ to fifli and dry what they caught. The loth, 
we crofs'd another Lake, call'd Primitehouy^ re- 
turn'd to the River, and the nth, faw Indians 
before us, incamp'd on the Bank of a River, 
whereupon we ftop'd and made ready our 
Arms. In the mean Time, one of them came 
towards us by Land, and we put on our Canoe 
towards him. 

When that Indian was near, he flood gazing 

Meeting o^i US, without fpeaking a Word, and then 

with Ifli- drawing flill nearer, we gave him to underftand, 

nois. that we were sent by Monfieur de la Sale, and 

came from him. Then he made Signs to 

us, to advance towards his People, whom, he 

went before to acquaint with what we had faid 

to him, fo that when we were come near them 

they fired Several Shot to falute us, and we an- 

fwer'd them with our Firelocks. 

After that mutural Salutation, they came 
into our Canoe, to fignify, they were glad 
to hear News of Monfieur de la Sale. We 
ask'd them. What Nation they were of; they 
anfwer'd, They were IJlinois, of a Canton call'd 
Cafcafquia. We enquir'd whether Monfieur 
Tonty was at Fort Lewis ; they gave us to un- 
derfland, that he was not, but that he was gone 
to the War againfl the Iroquois. They invited 
us Afhore, to go with them to eat of fuch as 
they had, we thank'd them, and they brought 
us fome Gourds and Water Melons, in Ex- 
change for which, we gave them some parch'd 
Flefh. 

We had not by the Way taken Notice of a 
Canoe, in which was a Man with two Wo- 
men, who, being afraid of us, had hid them- 

felves 



Z;//^ NORTH AMERICA. 167 

felves among the Reeds, but that man feeing us ^^P^- '687 
flop among his Countrymen, took Heart, came ^^'^VNJ 
to us, and having told us, that he belong'd to a 
Village near Fort Lewis^ we fet out together, 
and one of our Indians went into that Canoe, 
to help them to fhove, fo they call the Way of 
pufliing on the Canoe with Poles inftead of 
rowing. 

On Sunday^ the 14th of September ^ about two Fort Lew- 
in the Afternoon, we came into the Neigh- is among 
bourhood of Fort Lewis. Drawing near, we ^^^ Illinois. 
were met by fome Indians that were on the 
Bank, who having view'd us well, and under- 
ftanding we came from Monfr. de la Saky and 
that we belong'd to him, ran to the Fort to 
carry the News, and immediately we faw a 
French Man come out, with a Company of Indi- 
ans, who fir'd a Volley of feveral Pieces, to fa- 
lute us. Then the French Man drew near, and 
defir'd us to come Afhore, which we did, leav- 
ing only one in the Canoe, to take Care of our 
Baggage; for the IJlinois are very fharp at car- 
rying off anything they can lay their Hands 
on, and confequently, nothing near fo honest 
as the Nations we had pafs'd thro'. 

We all walk'd together towards the Fort, 
and found three French Men coming to meet us, 
and among them a Clerk, who had belong'd to Arrival at 
the late Monfr. de la Sale, They immediately ^"^^ Lewis, 
ask'd us, where Monfr. de la Sale was, we told 
them, he had brought us Part of the Way, and 
left us at a Place about forty Leagues beyond 
the CeniSy and that he was then in good Health. 
All that was true enough ; for Monfr, Cavelier 
and I, who were the Perfons, that then fpoke, 
were not prefent at Monfr. de la Sale's Death ; 
M 4 he 



1 6 8 Monjteur de la S a l e 'j- Second Voyage 

Sept. 1687 he was in good Health when he left us, and I 
^■'^^T*^ have told the Reafons we had for concealing 
his Death, till we came into France. 

It is no lefs true, that Father Anajlafius^ 
and he they call'd Teijier, could have given a 
better Account, the one as an Eye Witnefs, 
and the other, as one of the Murderers, and 
they were both with us ; but to avoid lying, 
they faid Nothing. We farther told them, we 
had Orders to go over into France^ to give an 
Account of the Difcoveries made by Monfieur de 
la Sale., and to procure the fending of Succours. 
At length, we enter'd the Fort, where we 
found and furpriz'd feveral Perfons who did 
not expe6t us. All the French were under Arms 
Reception. ^^^ made feveral Difcharges to welcome us. 
Monfieur de Belle Fontaine Lieutenant to Monfr. 
Tonty^ was at the Head of them and compli- 
mented us. Then we were conduded to the 
Chappel, where we return' d Thanks to God, 
from the Bottom of our Hearts, for having 
preferv'd and conduded us in Safety ; after 
which we had our Lodgings affigned us, Monfr. 
Cavelier and Father Anaftafius had one Cham- 
ber, and we were put into the Magazine, or 
Ware-houfe. All this While, the Natives 
came by Intervals, to fire their Pieces, to ex- 
prefs their Joy for our Return, and for the 
News we brought of Monfieur de la Sale, 
which refrelh'd our Sorrow for his Misfor- 
tune ; perceiving that his Prefence would 
have fettled all Things advantageoufly. 

The Day after our Arrival, one of the In- 
dians^ who had conducted us, having been fick 
ever fince he eat the raw Beef Suet, I mention'd 
before, died, and his Companions took away 

and 



into NORTH AMERICA. 169 

and bury'd him privately. We gave them the Sept. 16S7 
promis'd Reward, and the Part belonging to ^-'''VV) 
the Dead Man, to be deliver'd to his 
Relations. They ftay'd fome Time in the 
Fort, during the which, we took extraordinary 
Care of them, and at lad they return'd to their 
own Homes. 

As far as we could gather by half Words 
dropp'd there by one or other at the Fort, 
Something had been done there prejudicial to 
the Service of Monfr. de la Sale, and againfl his 
Authority, and therefore fome dreaded his 
Return, but more efpecially a Jefuit was in 
great Conflernation. He was fick, Monfieur 
Cavelier, Father Anajlafius and I went to visit 
him. He enquired very particularly of all 
Points, and could not conceal his Trouble, 
which we would not feem to take Notice 
of. 

Our Defign being to make the befl: of our 
way to Ccnada, in Order to fet out Aboard 
the firfl: French Ships that fhould Sail for France, 
we enquired how we were to proceed, and met 
with feveral Difficulties. The Navigation on 
that River was very Dangerous, by Reafon of Falls in the 
the Falls there are in it, which mufl be care- River, 
fully avoided, unlefs a Man will run an inevi- 
table Hazard of perifhing. There were few 
Perfons capable of managing that Affair, and 
the War with the Iroquois made all Men a- 
fraid. 

However the Sieur Boifrondet, Clerk to the 
late Monfr. de la Sale, having told us he had 
a Canoe, in which he defign'd to go down 
to Canada, we prepared to make ufe of that 
Opportunity. Care was taken to gather Pro- 

vifions 



170 Monfteur de la S ale'j- Second Voyage 

Sept. 1687 vifions for our Voyage, to get Furs to barter as 
^^^^*^^ we pafs'd by Micilimaquinay . The Vifits of two 
Chiefs of Nations, call'd Cafcafquia Peroueria and 
Cacahouanous discover'd by the late Monfieur de 
la Sale, did not interrupt our Affairs, and all 
things being got ready, we took Leave of thofe 
we left in the Fort. Monfieur Cavelier writ a 
Letter for Monfieur Tonty, which he left there 
to be delivered to him, and we repair'd to the 
Lake to imbark. 

It would be needlefs to relate all the Trou- 
bles and Hardfhips we met with, in that Jour- 
ney, it was painful and fruitlefs, for having gone 
to the Bank of the Lake, in very foul Wea- 
ther, after waiting there five Days, for that 
M. Cave- foul Weather to ceafe, and after we had 
lier,£3'r. imbark'd, notwithfl:anding the Storm, we were 
fetoutand oblig'd to put Alhore again, to return to the 
^„^. Place where we had imbark'd, and there to dig 

a Hole m the Earth, to bury our Baggage 
and Provifions, to fave the Trouble of carry- 
ing them back to Fort Lewis, whither we 
return'd and arrived there the 7th of OEiober ; 
where they were furpriz'd to fee us come 
back. 

Thus were we oblig'd to continue in that 
Fort all the refl: of Autumn and Part of 
the Winter, to our great Sorrow, and not fo 
much for our own Difappointment, as for be- 
ing, by that Means, obftructed from fending 
of Succours, as foon as we had expelled, as well 
to the faid Fort, as to thofe French of our own 
Company, whom we had left on the Coaft 
of the Bay oi Mexico, 

It 



into NORTH AMERICA. 171 

It was then the good Season for fhooting. Oa. 1687 
Thofe Gentlemen at the Fort had fecur'd two ^^^"^^^ 
good Indian Sportfmen, who never let us want 
for Wild Fowl of all Sorts ; befides we had 
good Bread, and as good Fruit, and had there 
been any Thing to drink befides Water, we had 
far'd well. The Leifure we had during our 
Stay there, gave me an Opportunity of making 
the following Remarks, as well of my own Ob- 
fervation, as what I learn'd of the French re- 
fiding there. 

Fort Lewis is in the Country of the IJJinois Defcrip- 
and feated on a fteep Rock, about two hundred ^i"" <f Fo^t 
Foot high, the River running at the Bottom of ^^^^ ''"'^ 
it. It is only fortified with Stakes and Palifades, ^b out it 
and fome Houfes advancing to the Edge of the 
Rock. It has a very fpacious Efplanade, or 
Place of Arms. The Place is naturally flrong, 
and might be made fo by Art, with little Ex- 
pence. Several of the Natives live in it, in 
their Huts. I cannot give an Account of the 
Latitude it (lands in, for Want of proper Inflru- 
ments to take an Obfervation, but Nothing 
can be pleafanter ; and it may be truly affirm'd, 
that the Country of the IJJinois enjoys all that 
can make it accomplifh'd, not only as to Orna- 
ment, but alfo for its plentiful Produdlion of 
all Things requifite for the Support of human 
Life. 

The Plain, which is water'd by the River, is 
beautified by two fmall Hills, about half a 
League diflant from the Fort, and thofe Hills 
are cover'd with Groves of Oaks, Walnut- 
Trees and other Sorts I have named elfewhere. -^^^^ ^^^ 
The Fields are full of Grafs, growing up very ciayfor 
high. On the Sides of the Hills is found a Bricks,^ c. 

gravelly 



172 Monfteur de la Sale'j Second Voyage 

Oa. 1687 gravelly Sort of Stone, very fit to make Lime 

^^'^'^ for Building. There are alfo many Clay Pits, 
fit for making of Earthen Ware, Bricks and 
Tiles, and along the River there are Coal Pits, 
the Coal whereof has been try'd and found 
very good. 

Mines. There is no Reafon to question, but that 

there are in this Country, Mines of all Sorts of 
Metals, and of the richeft, the Climate being 
the fame as that of New Mexico. We faw feve- 
ral Spots, where it appeared there were Iron 
Mines, and found fome Pieces of it on the Bank 
of the River, which Nature had cleanfed. 
Travellers who have been at the upper Part of 
the MiJJiftpij affirm that they have found Mines 
there, of very good Lead. 

Produa. That Country is one of the mofl temperate 

in the World, and confequently whatfoever is 
fow'd there, whether Herbs, Roots, Indian 
and even European Corn thrives very well, as 
has been try'd by the Sieur Boifrondet^ who 
fow'd of all Sorts, and had a plentiful Crop, 
and we eat of the Bread, which was very good. 
And whereas we were afTured, that there were 
Vines which run up, whofe Grapes are very 
good and delicious, growing along the River, 
it is reafonable to believe, that if thofe Vines 
were tranfplanted and prun'd, there might be 
very good Wine made of them. There is alfo 
Plenty of wild Apple and Pear Trees, and of 
feveral other Sorts, which would afford excel- 
lent Fruit, were they grafted and tranfplant- 
ed. 

All other Sorts of Fruit, as Plumbs, Peaches 
and others, wherewith the Country abounds, 
would become exquifite, if the fame Induftry 

were 



into NORTH AMERICA. 

were us'd, and other Sorts of Fruit we have in 
France would thrive well, if they were carry'd 
over. The Earth produces a Sort of Hemp, 
whereof Cloth might be made and Cordage. 

As for the Manners and Cuftoms of the IJli- 
nois^ in many Particulars they are the fame as 
thofe of the other Nations we have feen. They 
are naturally fierce and revengeful, and among 
them the Toil of Sowing, Planting, carrying 
of Burdens, and doing all other Things that 
belong to the Support of Life, appertains pe- 
culiarly to the Women. The Men have no o- 
ther Bufinefs but going to the War and hunt- 
ing, and the women mud fetch the Game 
when they have kill'd it, which fometimes they 
are to carry very far to their Dwellings, and 
there to parch, or drefs it any other Way. 

When the Corn or other Grain is fow'd, 
the Women fecure it from the Birds till it comes 
up. Thofe Birds are a sort of Starlings, like 
ours in France^ but larger and fly in great 
Swarms, 

The IJJinois have but few Children, and are 
extremely fond of them ; it is the Cuflom a- 
mong them, as well as others 1 have mention- 
ed, never to chide, or beat them, but only to 
throw Water at them, by Way of Chaftife- 
ment. 

The Nations we have fpoken of before, are 
not at all, or very little, addidled to Thieving ; 
but it is not fo with the IJJinois^ and it behoves 
every Man to watch their Feet as well as their 
Hands, for they know how to turn any Thing 
out of the Way mofl: dexteroufly. They are 
fubjed to the general Vice of all the other In- 
dians, which is to boaft very much of their 

Warlike 



173 

OSi, 1687 



Manners 
and Cu- 
ftoms of 
the Ifli- 



Women do 
all Labour, 



Children. 



Thieving. 



Boafting. 



174 Monfieur de la Sale*j- Second Voyage 

Oa. 1687 Warlike Exploits, and that is the main Subjed; of 

^"^^t^ their Difcourfe, and they are very great Lyars. 
They pay a Refpeft to their Dead, as ap- 

Careofthe pe^j-g by their fpecial Care of burying them, 
and even of putting into lofty Coffins the Bodies 
of fuch as are confiderable among them, as their 
Chiefs and others, which is alfo pradifed a- 
mong the Accanced s, but they differ in this Par- 
ticular, that the Accanced s weep and make their 
Complaints for fome Days, whereas the Cha- 
houanous and other People of the IJlinois Nation 
do jufl: the Contrary; for when any of them 
die, they wrap them up in Skins, and then put 
them into Coffins made of the Barks of Trees, 
then fmg and dance about them for twenty four 
Hours. Thofe Dancers take Care to tie Cala- 
bafhes, or Gourds about their Bodies, with fome 
Indian Wheat in them, to rattle and make a Noife, 
and fome of them have a Drum, made of a 
great Earthen Pot, on which they extend a wild 
Goat's Skin, and beat thereon with one Stick, 

n r . . like our Tabors. 

Irt'Ci 67lt$ to 

the Dead. During that Rejoicing, they throw their Pre- 
fents on the Coffin, as Bracelets, Pendants, or 
Pieces of Earthen Ware, and Strings of Beads, 
encouraging the Singers to perform their Duty 
well. If any Friend happens to come thither at 
that Time, he immediately throws down his Pre- 
fent and falls a fmging and dancing like the reft. 
When that Ceremony is over, they bury the 
Body, with Part of the Prefents, making choice 
of fuch as may be moft proper for it. They 
alfo bury with it, fome Store of Indian Wheat, 
with a Pot to boil it in, for fear the dead 
Perfon fhould be hungry on his long Journey; 

and 



into NORTH AMERICA. 175 

and they repeat the fame Ceremony at the O^- '687 
Year's End. ^-''VX; 

A good Number of Prefents dill remaining, 
they divide them into feveral Lots, and play at ^f^"^^ °f 
a Game, call'd of the Stick, to give them to the '^^^'''^• 
Winner. That Game is play'd, taking a (hort 
Stick, very fmooth and greas'd, that it may 
be the Harder to hold it fast. One of the Elders 
throws that' Stick as far as he can, the young 
Men run after it, fnatch it from each other, 
and at laft, he who remains pofTefs'd of it, has 
the firfl Lot. The Stick is then thrown again, 
he who keeps it then has the fecond Lot, and fo 
on to the End. The Women, whose Husbands 
have been flain in War, often perform the fame 
Ceremony, and treat the Singers and Dancers 
whom they have before invited. 

The Marriages of the IJJinois lafl: no longer, Marriages 
than the Parties agree together; for they freely 
part after aHuntingBout, each going which Way 
they pleafe, without any Ceremony. However, 
the Men are jealous enough of their Wives, and 
when they catch them in a Fault, they general- 
ly cut of their Noses, and I faw one who had 
been so ferv'd. 

Neverthelefs, Adultery is not reckon'd any Adultery. 
great Crime among them, and there are Wo- 
men who make no Secret of having had to do 
with French Men. Yet are they not fufficiently 
addided to that Vice to offer themfelves, and 
they never fall, unless they are sued to, when, 
they are none of the mofl difficult in the World 
to be prevail'd on. The reft I leave to thofe 
who have liv'd longer there than L 

We 



1/6 

oa. 1687. 



How the 

Travellers 

liv'd. 



M. Tonty 
comes to 
Fort Le- 



War with 
the Iro- 
quois. 



Monfieur de la S a l e'j Second Voyage 

We continu'd fome Time in Fort Lewis, 
without receiving any News. Our Bufinefs 
was, after having heard Mafs, which we had 
the good Fortune to do every Day, to divert 
our felves the belt we could. The Indian Wo- 
men daily brought in fomething frefh, we want- 
ed not for Water Melons, Bread made of In- 
dian Corn, bak'd in the Embers, and other fuch 
Things, and we rewarded them with little Pre- 
fents in Return. 

On the 27th of 05foher, of the fame Year, 
Monfieur Tonty return'd from the War with 
the Iroquois. Our Embraces and the Relation 
of our Adventures were again repeated ; but 
ftill concealing from him, the Death of 
Monfieur de la Sale. He told us all the Parti- 
culars of that War, and faid. That the Iroquois 
having got Intelligence of the March of the 
French Forces and their Allies, had all come out 
of their Villages and laid themfelves in Am- 
bufh by the Way ; but that having made a fud- 
den and general Difcharge upon our Men, with 
their ufual Cries, yet without much Harm done, 
they had been repuls'd with Lofs, took, their 
Flight, and by the Way burnt all their own 
Villages. That Monfieur d' Hennonvilkj chief 
Governor of New France, had caus'd the Army 
to march, to burn the reft of their Villages, 
fet Fire to their Country and Corn, but would 
not proceed any farther. That afterwards he 
had made himfelf Mafter of feveral Canoes be- 
longing to the Englijh, moft of them laden with 
Brandy, which had been plunder'd ; that the 
Englijh had been fent Prisoners to Montreal, they 
being come to make fome Attempt upon the 
IJlinois. 

We 



into NORTH AMERICA. 177 

We continued after this Manner, till the J^^c. 1687 
Month of December^ when two Men arrived, ^^^'^'^^"^ 
from Montreal. They came to give 
Notice to Monfr. Tonty, that three Canoes, la- 
den with Merchandize, Powder, Ball and other 
Things, were arriv'd at Chic agon ^ that there (y^ 
being two little Water in the River, and what 
there was being frozen, they could come down 
no lower ; fo that it being requifite to fend 
Men to fetch thofe Things, Monfr. Tonty de- 
fir'd the Chief of the Chahouanous to furnifh him 
with People. That Chief accordingly provi- 
ded forty, as well Men as Women, who fet out 
with fome French Men. The Honefty of the 
Chahouanous was the Reafon of preferring them 
before the IJlinois^ who are naturally Knaves. 

That Ammunition and the Merchandize were Feb. 1688 
foon brought, and very feafonably, the Fort be- 
ing then in Want. We llay'd there till the 
End of February, 1688, at which Time we fix'd 
our Refolution to depart, tho' we had no News 
from Canada, as we expelled. We found there 
were fome Canoes ready to under- 
take that Voyage, and we laid hold of that Op- 
portunity to convoy each other to the Micilima- 
quinay, where we hop'd to meet fome News 
from Canada. 

Monfieur Cavelier the Pried, had taken Care, Mar. 1688 
before the Death of M. de la Sale, his Brother, to 
get of him a Letter of Credit, to receive either a 
Sum of Money or Furs in the Country of the 
IJlinois. He tender'd that Letter to M. Tonty, 
who believing ^. de la Sale was (till alive, made 
no Difficulty of giving him to the Value of about 
4000 Livres in Furs, Caftors and Otter Skins, a 
Canoe and other Effects, for which, the faid 

N Monfr, 



178 Monfteur de la S ale*j- Second Voyage 

iW<7r. 1688 Monfr. Cavelier gave him his Note, and we pre- 

^^^^•^ par'd for our Journey. 

I have before obferved, that there was a Je~ 
fuit^ whofe name was Dalouez at Fort Lewis, 
and who had been very much furpriz'd to hear 
that Monfr. de la Sale was to come in a fhort 
Time, being under great Apprehenfions on 
Account of a Confpiracy intended to have been 
carry'd on, againft Monfr. de la Sales Interefl:. 
That Father perceiving our Departure was 
fix'd, mov'd firft, and went away foremoft, 
to return to Micilimaquinay ; fo that they 
were left without a Prieft at Fort Lewis, which 
was a great Trouble to us, becaufe we were the 
Occafion of it, and therefore thofe, who were 
to remain in the Fort, anticipated the Time, 
and made their Eajler, taking the Advantage of 
the Prefence of F. Anajiafius and M. Cavelier. 

At length, we fet out the 21th of March, 
from Fort Lewis. The Sieur Boifrondet, who was 

The Travel (^gf^j-Qus to return to France, ]6ir\d. us, we im- 
bark'd on the River, which was then become 
navigable, and before we had ad vane' d five 
Leagues, met with a rapid Stream, which oblig'd 
us to go Afliore, and then again into the Water, 
to draw along our Canoe. I had the Misfor- 
tune to hurt one of my Feet againft a Rock 
that lay under Water, which troubled me ve- 
ry much for a long Time; and we being under 
a Neceffity of going often into the Water, I 
fufier'd extreamly, and more than I had done 
fmce our Departure from the Gulph of Mexico. 
We arriv'd at Chicagon the 29th oi March, and 
our firfl: Care was to go feek what we had 
conceal'd at our former Voyage, having, as 
was there faid, bury'd our Luggage and Provi- 

fions. 



into NORTH AMERICA. 

fions. We found it had been open'd, and fome 
Furs and Linen taken away, almofl all which be- 
long'd to me. This had been done by a French 
Man, whom M. Tonty had fent from the Fort, 
during the Winter Seafon, to know whether 
there were any Canoes at Chicagon, and whom 
he had direded to fee whether any Body had 
medled with what we had conceal'd, and he 
made Ufe of that Advice to rob us. 

The bad Weather obHg'd us to (lay in that 
Place, till April. That Time of Reft was advan- 
tageous for the Healing my Foot ; and there 
being but very little Game in that Place, we had 
Nothing but our Meal or Indian Wheat to feed 
on ; yet we difcover'd a Kind of Manna^ which 
was a great Help to us. It was a Sort of Trees, 
refembling our Maple, in which we made Inci- 
fions, whence flow'd a fweet Liquor, and in it 
we boil'd our Indian Wheat, which made it de- 
licious, fweet and of a very agreeable Relifh. 

There being no Sugar-Canes in that Country, 
thofe Trees fupply'd that Liquor, which 
being boil'd up and evaporated, turn'd into a 
Kind of Sugar fomewhat brownifti, but very 
good. In the Woods we found a Sort of Garlick, 
not fo ftrong as ours, and fmall Onions very like 
ours in Tafte, and fome Charvel of the fame Re- 
lifh as that we have, but different in the Leaf. 

The Weather being fomewhat mended, we 
imbark'd again and enter'd upon the Lake on 
the 5 th of April, keeping to the North Side to 
fhun the Iroquois. We had fome Storms alfo, 
and faw fwelling Waves like thofe of the Sea ; 
but arriv'd fafe the 15th at a River call'd ^i- 
netonan, near a Village whence, the Inhabitants 
depart during the Winter Seafon, to go a Hunt- 
ing, and refide there all the Summer. 

N 2 The 



179 

Mtjr. 1688 



Sweet Wa- 
ter from a 
Tree. 



Quineto- 
nan River. 



i8o 

Apr. 1688 



How 

Wolves 
catch Goats 



Poutoua- 
tanni Na- 
tion. 



Hurons 
and Outa- 
houacs 
Nations, 



Monjteur de la S a l e'j- Second Voyage 

The Sport is not there as in thofe Countries 
from whence we came ; but on the Contrary, 
very poor, and we found Nothing but fome 
very lean Wild Goats, and even thofe very 
rarely, becaufe the Wolves, which are very nu- 
merous there, make great Havock of them, 
taking and devouring great Numbers after this 
Manner. 

When the Wolves have difcover'd a Herd 
of Wild Goats, they roufe and fet them a run- 
ning. The Wild Goats never fail to take to 
the firft Lake they meet with. The hunting 
Wolves, who are ufed to that, guard the Banks 
carefully, moving along the Edges of them. 
The poor Goats being pierc'd by the Cold of 
the Lake, grow weary and fo get out, or elfe the 
River fwelling forces them out with its Waves, 
quite benumm'd, fo that they are eafily taken by 
their Enemies, who devour them. We frequent- 
ly faw those Wolves watching along the Side 
of the Lake, and kept off to avoid frightning 
them, to the End the Wild Goats might 
quit their Sanduary, that we might catch fome 
of them, as it fometimes fell out. 

The 28th, we arriv'd among the Poutouatan- 
nis, which is half Way to Micilimaquinay^ where 
we purchas'd fome Indian Corn for the reft of 
our Voyage, We found no News there from 
Montreal, and were forc'd to ftay fome Time to 
wait an Opportunity to go down the River. 
No Man daring to venture, becaufe of the 
War with the Iroquois. 

There are fome French Men in that Place, 
and four Jefuits, who have a Houfe well built 
with Timber, inclofed with Stakes and 
Palifades. There are alfo some Hurons 

and 



/W/0 NORTH AMERICA. i8i 

and Outahouacs^ two Neighbouring Nations, ^'^y '688 
whom thofe Fathers take Care to inftrudl, not *"''>«^ 
without very much Trouble, thofe People being 
downright Libertines, and there are very often 
none but a few Women in their Churches. 
Thofe Fathers have each of them the Charge 
of inftructing a Nation, and to that Effed have 
tranflated the proper Prayers into the Language 
peculiar to each of them, as alfo all other 
Things relating to the Catholick Faith and Re- 
ligion. 

They offer'd Father Anajiafius and Monfieur June i68^ 
Cavelier a Room, which they accepted of, and 
we took up our Lodging in a little Hovel fome 
Travellers had made. There we continued the 
reft of May and Part of June^ till after the Feaft 
of Whitfontide. The Natives of the Country 
about, till the Land and fow Indian Corn, Me- 
lons and Gourds, but they do not thrive fo well 
as in the Country we came from. However 
they live on them, and befides they have Fifli 
they catch in the Lake, for Flelh is very fcarce 
among them. 

On the 4th of June^ there arriv'd four Canoes, 
commanded by Monfieur de Porneuf^ coming from 
Montreal^ and bringing News from the Marques 
d' Hennonville, and Orders to fend to the Set- 
tlements which were towards the Lake des Puans 
and others higher up, towards the Source of 
the River Colbert^ to know the Pofture and 
Condition of Affairs. We prepar'd to be gone 
with the two Canoes. Monfieur Qavelier bought 
another, to carry our Baggage, and left Part 
of his Furs with a Merchant, who gave him a 
Note to receive Money at Montreal. I did the 
fame with those few Furs I had, the reft of them 
having been left at Micilimaquinay . We 



l82 

July 1688 



Iflinois 
and Hu- 
rons. 



French 
River. 



Nipicin- 
gue Lake. 



Arrival at 
Montreal. 



Monfteur de la S A l e'j Second Voyage 

We took Leave of the Jefuits, and fet out in 
four Canoes, viz. two belonging to Monfieur de 
Porneufy and two to Monfieur Cavelier, one of 
which had been brought from Fort Lewis^ and 
the other bought, as I have just now faid, we 
being twenty nine of us in thofe four Canoes. 
We row'd on till the 24th, when Monfieur 
de Porneuf left us to go St. Marys Fall, to 
carry the Orders given him. The 25th, we got 
out of the Lake of the IJlinois^ to enter that of 
the Hurons^ on the Banks whereof (lands the 
Village, call'd Tejfalon, where Monfieur de Por- 
neuf came again to us, with a Canoe of 
the Natives, and with him we held on our 
Way. 

We proceeded to Chehonany the 30th of June^ 
and the 3d ot July^ enter'd the French River, 
where we were forc'd feveral Times to carry 
our Canoes to avoid the Falls and the rapid 
Streams, obferving as we went a barren and 
dry Country, full of Rocks, on which there 
grew Cedars and Fir Trees, which take Root 
in the Clefts of thofe Rocks. 

The 5th, we enter'd upon the little Lake of 
Nipicinguej adjoining to a Nation of that Name. 
We got out of it again and enter'd upon the 
great River, where, after having pafs'd the 
great Fall, we arriv'd the 13th, at the Point of 
the Ifland of Montreal. We landed at a Vil- 
lage call'd la Chine^ which had belong'd to the 
late Monfr. de la Sale. Monfr. Cavelier fet out 
the 14th, for Montreal, where we came to him 
the 17th. 

At Montreal we found the Marques d' Hen- 
nonvilkj Monfieur de Noroy the Intendant and 

other 



into NORTH AMERICA. 



•83 



Other Gentlemen, to whom we gave an Account ^^.f- '^88 
of our long and painful Travels, with the Par- '^^'v"^ 
ticulars of what we had feen, which they lifl:- 
ned to with Satisfaction, but without mention- 
ing Monfieur de la Sales Death. We told them 
the Occafion of our going over into France^ 
and they approv'd of it, being of Opinion with 
us, that we ought to haften our Departure as 
much as pofTible. 

We made us fome Cloaths, whereof we flood 
in Need. The Sieur 'Teijfier, who came along 
with us, and was of the Reform'd Religion, 
knowing the Exercife of it was forbid in 
France^ abjur'd it in the great Church of Mon- 
treal. 

The 27th, we went aboard a Bark to go down Arrival at 
the River to ^ehec^ where we arriv'd the 29th, Q^^bec. 
Father Anaflafius carry' d us to the Monaftery 
of the Fathers of his Order, feated half a 
League from the Town, on a little River, 
where we were mod kindly receiv'd by the Fa- 
ther Guardian and the other Religious Men, 
who exprefs'd much Joy to fee us, and we flill 
more for being in a Place of Safety, after fo 
many Perils and Toils, for which we return'd 
our humble Thanks to Almighty God, our Pro- 
tedlor. / 

We chofe rather to take up our Lodging / 

there than in the Town, to avoid the Vifits / 
and troublefome Queflions every one would / 
be putting to us with much Importunity, which 
we mud have been oblig'd to bear patiently. 
Monfieur Cavelier and his Nephew, whom we 
had left at Montreal^ arriv'd fome Days after 
us, and were iodg'd in the Seminary. 



N 



We 



1 84 

Aug. 1688 



Monfteur de la S a l e'j- Second Voyage 

We (lay'd in that Monaftery till the 2 id of 
Augujl, when we imbark'd on a large Boat, 
eighteen Perfons of us, to go down the River 
of St. Laurence., a. Board a Ship, that was taking 
in and fifhing of Cod. We went a Board it the 
30th of the fame Month, and after hearing 
Mafs, made ready and fail'd for our dear 
Country, arriv'd fafe at Rochelle on Saturday the 
9th of October 1688, whence, fetting out by 
Land, the 15th, the fame Providence, which 
had protected and conduced us, brought us 
without any Misfortune to Roan^ the 7th of O^o- 
ber^ the fame Year. 



The End of the JOURNAL. 



The Remainder of the LETTER, written 
by him who revised this J o u r n A l , 
the other Part whereof is at the Beginning 
of ity this being the Sequel to the faid 



Journal. 



Note, 
That thefe 
have writ 
of thofe 
Parts, but 
fione of 
this par- 
ticular 
Voyage. 



rH R E E feveral Authors have given an 
Account of this Voyage ; FirJ}^ Father 
le Clerk., upon the Relations he had from the 
Fathers Zenobius and AnaJJaJius^ Recolets, as 
he was himfelf and both of themEye-WitnefTes: 
Secondly^ The Chevalier Tonty, who was alfo a 
Witnefs to a confiderable Part of thofe Adven- 
tures : And, Lajlly, Father Hennepin^ a Flem- 

mingy 



into NORTH AMERICA. 185 

ming, of the fame Order of the Recolets, has 
done it more largely, he feems to be well ac- 
quainted with the Country, and had a great 
Share in thofe Difcoveries ; but the Truth of 
his Relations is much controverted. It was 
he who went to the Northward, and towards 
the Source of the MrJJi/ipi,wh.ich he calls Mecha- 
fipi, and who printed, at Paris, an Account of 
the Country about the River, giving it the 
Name of Louijiana. He ought to have flopp'd 
there, and not to have gone, as he did, into 
Holland, to fet forth another Edition, very 
much enlarg'd,and perhaps not fo true,which he 
dedicated to William the Third, Prince of 
Orange, and afterwards King of Great Bri- 
tain. An Adion for a Religious Man no iefs 
ridiculous than extravagant, not to give it a 
worfe Name ; for after many great and te- 
dious Encomiums given that Proteftant Prince, 
he exhorts and conjures him to turn his 
Thoughts towards thofe vafl Countries, as 
yet unknown, to conquer them and fend Colo- 
nies thither, to make known to thofe Savage 
Nations the true God and his Worfliip, and to 
preach the Gofpel. That good Religious Man, 
whom many have falfly thought, on Account 
of that Extravagancy, to have renounc'd his 
Religion, did not confider what he faid, and 
confequently has fcandaliz'd the Catholicks, 
and furnifh'd the Hugonots with Matter of 
Laughter;for is it likely,that they being Enemies 
to the Roman Church, would employ Recolets 
to go preach up Popery, 2js, they call it in Canada? 
Or would they introduce any other Religion 
than their own ? Can Father Hennepin be ex- 
cufeable in this Point ? 

In 



iVl'^ 



1 86 Monfieur de la S a l e'j- Second Voyage 

In fine it appears, by all that has been writ 
by thofe feveral Perfons concerning that En- 
terprize, that the Murder committed on the 
Perfon of Monfieur de la Sale was the Occafion 
of its mifcarrying; but that which obftrufted 
the making of fome Provifion in that Cafe was, 
the faid Murders being conceal'd for the Space 
of two Years, and that the Spaniards of Mexico 
T '^ ' IvB de la h^'^^^g \i^Qn inform'd of all the Affair, fent 
i\ Sale's Fori Men, who carry'd off the weak Garrifon Mon- 
taken bj fieur de la Sale had left in the Fort built by 
* ^'^^ Spani- him, near the Place of his Landing, before he 
"^:1. penetrated into the Country, to find out the 
-f-^ '^ MiJJiJipi. They alfo entirely raz'd that Fort, 
fo that Seven or Eight Years elaps'd, till Mon- 
i grf\r ' fieur de Hiberville, a Gentleman of Canada^ and 

O^'V^ V 3, Perfon of Capacity and Courage, famous for 
his notable Exploits in Hud/on s Bay and other 
Parts, refolv'd to reafTume and revive that Pro- 
jedl. He came over into France upon that De- 
fign, and made an Armament about the Year 
1698, fet out and fail'd to the Gulf of Mexico. 
berville's Being an able Seaman, he fearch'd along the 
Expedition Coaft fo narrowly, that he found the Mouth 
fortheMi^- of that fatal MiJJiJipi and built a Fort on it, 
fifipi. leaving Men there, with a good Quantity of 

Ammunition and Provifions, and return'd to 
France, intending to go back with a Reinforce- 
ment, as he did, and having penetrated far into 
the Country, difcover'd feveral Savage Nations, 
and join'd Friendfliip and Alliance with them, 
as alfo built another Fort, which he left well 
ftor'd with Men and NecefTaries, return'd into 
France ; but attempting a third Voyage, he dy'd 
by the Way, and thus, for want of Relief and 

Sup- 




into NORTH AMERICA. 187 , \^ 

Support, that noble Enterprize mifcarry'd ^'*" 
again. 

But God has now provided for it, and it is 
the Concern of Heaven, for if France is inte- 
refled on Account of the Temporal Advan- 
tages it expeds, the Church is fo in like Man- 
ner, for the Converfion of the Indians it hopes 
will follow. Accordingly, Providence has taken 
the Affair in Hand, having rais'd the Man, 
who is the fitted to revive and fupport fo im- 
portant a Proje6i:. This is Monfieur Crozat^ 
Secretary to the King, a Man of fmgular 
Worth, very Intelligent, Well-meaning, and 
prodigioufly Rich, who without going out of 
his Clofet, has been the Occafion of many no- 
table Voyages by Sea, and all of them fuccefs- 
ful. To him, his Majefly, by his Letters Pa- 
tent, bearing Date the 14th of Septemb. 1712. 
has granted the fole Power to trade and fettle M. Crozat 
Colonies in the Countries defcrib'd in this ""j^ ^° 
Journal, and which are known to us by the \ig^ ^nV' 
Name of Louifiana and the River MiJJifipi, from Trade in 
hence forward to be call'd the River of St. Lewis. Louifiana. 
The Grant is made to him for 15 Years, under 
feveral Conditions mention'd in the faid Let- 
ters Patent, which have been made publick. 

And whereas fuch a Grant cannot fubfift 
without Blacks, he is alfo allow'd to fend a 
Ship to Guinea to purchafe them. They may 
perhaps find there the famous Black Aniaga^ 
Brother to a King of Guinea^ whom Captain 
Delbee brought over into France^ above Thirty 
Years ago. The King was pleas'd to have him 
Educated, Inftructed and Baptiz'd, the Dauphin 
being his Godfather ; then put him into his 
Troop of Mufquetiers, and afterwards made 

him 



i88 



J Black 
hred in 
France 
turns to his 
Native Cu- 
Jioms. 



Veracruz 

in New- 
Spain. 



Monfieur de la S a l e'j- Second Voyage 

him a Captain in his own Regiment, where he 
ferv'd Honourably. Being defirous to fee his 
own Country again, where he promis'd to pro- 
mote the French Trade, and the fettling of Mif- 
fioners, his Majefty loaded him with Pre- 
fents, and order'd a Ship to carry him back to 
Guinea ; but as foon as he was there, he no lon- 
ger remember'd he had been baptiz'd, and 
turn'd again as perfed; a Black, as he had been 
before. A Friend of mine, who was an Officer 
aboard a Ship, and hapned to be on that Coaft 
in the Year 1708, had two or three Interviews 
with that Black, who came aboard him. He 
was a great Man in that Country, for his Bro- 
ther was King. He exprefs'd much Gratitude 
for the Kindnefs that had been fhewn him in 
France^ and was extraordinary Courteous, and 
made great Offers to thofe aboard the Ship, and 
to all fuch of the Nation as would go into 
Guinea. 

This Navigation to Louifiana will farther pro- 
cure us a free Refort to the two famous Ports 
of the Gulf of Mexico, viz. The Havana and 
Veracruz, where Strangers did not ufe to be ad- 
mitted, and which we knew only by their Names 
and their Situation in our Maps. 

The latter of thofe Towns is the Port of 
New Spain, at the Bottom of the Bay or Gulf, 
in 18 Degrees of North Latitude, Seated in a 
Sandy Plain, encompafs'd with Mountains ; be- 
yond which there are Woods and Meadows, 
well Stock'd with Cattle and wild Fowl. The 
Air is very Hot, and not Healthy, when any 
Winds blow, except the North, which rifes 
commonly once in Eight or Fifteen Days, and 
holds for the Space of Twenty Four Hours, 

blowing 






into NORTH AMERICA. 189 

blowing fo hard, that there is no going afhore 
from the Ships, and then the Cold is very i^ ^ 

piercing. When the Weather is clear there Ay*i^ 

plainly appear, on the Road to Mexico^ two V 1 tP^ ^y^^ 
Mountains riling above the Clouds, and forty » JL 

Leagues diflant, all cover'd with Snow. The 
Streets of Veracruz are ftreight as a Line ; the 
Houfes are handfome and regular ; the For- 
tifications next the Land inconliderable, but the 
Front of the Town next the Sea forms a 
Semicircle, with a little Fort at each End. 
Diredly before that Front, a Quarter of a 
League out at Sea, there (lands, on a Spot 
of Ground, inacceffible, by Reafon of the 
Breaking of the Sea, a ftrong Citadel, well 
built and furnifhed with all Neceffaries, a good 
Garrifon and double Batteries of two hundred 
Pieces of brafs Cannon. Ships cannot anchor 
any where, but between that Citadel and the 
Town ; befides that, it requires feveral Pre- 
cautions, because it is difficult coming to an 
Anchor. 

Mod of the Inhabitants are Mulattoes, that 
is of a tawny dark Colour, who live mod upon 
Chocolate and Sweetmeats, extraordinary fober, 
and eating little Flefli. The Men are haughty, the 
Women keep retired above Stairs, not to be 
feen by Strangers, and feldom going abroad, 
and then in Coaches or Chairs, and thofe who 
cannot reach to it, cover'd with fine filk Veils, 
which reach from the Crown of their Heads to 
their Feet, leaving only a fmall Opening on 
the Right Side, for them to fee their Way. 
In their own Apartments they wear nothing 
but a Smock and a filk Petticoat, with gold or 
filver Laces, without any Thing on their Heads, 

and 



1 90 Monfieur de la S a l e 'j- Second Voyage 

and their Hair platted with Ribbons, a gold 
Chain about their Neck, Bracelets of the fame 
and Pendants of Emeralds in their Ears. They 
could well enough like the Behaviour and Com- 
pany of the French, but that the jealous Tem- 
per of the Men obftructs them. There being a 
Pidure of Philip King of Spain, now reigning, 
aboard the Ship in which my Friend was, who 
gave me this Account, the People fwarm'd a- 
board to fee it, they were never fatisfy'd with 
gazing at it, and there was a mod magnificent 
Feftival kept in the Town, on Account of the 
Birth of the Prince of Ajiurias. 

They underfland Trade very well, but are 
floathful and averfe to Labour, fond of State 
and Eafe. They wear great Strings of Beads 
about their Necks, their Houfes are tull of Pic- 
tures and Images of Devotion, decently 
furnifh'd with Purceline and China Goods. 
The Churches are magnificently adorned 
with Plate. 

All Strangers are forbid Trading there, yet 
fome come by Stealth and deal Underhand, 
by Means of Prefents made to fuch Persons 
as can favour them. If thofe Mulattoes call 
themfelves white, it is only to honour themfelves 
and by Way of Diflinction from their Slaves, 
who are all Blacks, and having got much Mony 
by their Labour, ranfome themfelves and fome- 
times become confiderable Merchants. 

The City of Mexico, Capital of the Country 

Mexico ^^d the Refidence of the Vice-roy, is about 

City. eighty Leagues diftant from Veracruz, to the 

Weftward, the Way to it very bad and ill 

furnifh'd with Provifions. That Country 

would be better in fome Parts, were it well 

cultivated 



into NORTH AMERICA. 191 

cultivated by the Inhabitants. They fow but 
Httle of our Wheat, and are fatisfied with Indian 
Corn and Cajfabi Root, whereof they make 
Cakes, as is praftis'd in the Iflands. Their 
Trees and Fruits are the fame as in other hot 
Countries. About the Town of Veracruz^ there 
are BuiTies of a Sort of Thorn, without Leaves, 
among which grows an extraordinary Plant ; 
for tho' it has but a fmall Stem, it fhoots out 
Leaves of a Cabbage Green, as thick as a Man's 
Finger, which grow out, one at the End of ano- 
ther, in the Shape of a Racket, and the Plant 
itfelf is fo call'd. From thofe Leaves there 
grows out a Sort of red Figs, very juicy, with 
Seeds like thofe of the Pomgranate ; the Juice 
is of a Violet Colour, but unfavoury. There 
is a Sort of Flies that cleave to it and 
are fo fond of the Tafle of the Fruit, that 
they burfl: and drop down dead. They are 
carefully gather' d and dry'd, and are the Scar- 
let Dye, call'd Cochinilla, which is brought 
into Europe, and makes that beautiful Co- 
lour. The Birds and Beafts are much the fame 
as in other Countries of America. There is a 
Sort of Bird, all red, which for that Reafon is 
call'd the Cardinal; this they often tame and 
teach to fmg like a Canary Bird. This is 
what I have been told concerning the Town of 
Veracruz. 

As for the Havana, a Town and Port no Havana, 
lefs famous, in the Ifland of Cuba, belonging as 
well as the other to the Crown of Spain, it (lands 
towards the Weflern End, and on the North 
Side of that Ifland, almoft under the Tropick 
of Cancer, and about four or five hundred Leagues 
on this Side of Veracruz, It is large and beauti- 

^ ful 



1 94 Monjleur de la S a l e'j- Second Voyage 

ful ; the Port good, fecur'd by two Forts on 
the two Sides, and Brafs Guns, from twenty- 
four to thirty fix Pounders, the Entrance fo nar- 
row, that only one Vefiel can go in at once. 
The Town is encompafs'd by a good Wall, for- 
tify'd with five Baflions, furnifli'd with Cannon. 
The Streets are all as fl:rait as a Line, and level, 
the Houfes very handfome, but ill furnish'd. In 
the Midfl of it is a fine Square, the Buildings 
about all uniform. The Churches are magnifi- 
cent, and enrich'd with Gold and Silver, Lamps, 
Candlefticks, and Ornaments for the Altars. 
There are fome Lamps curioufly wrought, 
which weigh two hundred Marks of Silver, 
each Mark being half a Pound. The Reve- 
nue of the Bifhoprick amounts to fifty thou- 
fand Crowns, and he who enjoy'd it in the 
Year 1703, as I was inform'd by my Friend, 
who gave me this Account of what he had feen, 
was the greatefl: Ornament of that City, for his 
Virtues and Charity, being fatisfy'd with Ne- 
ceflaries, and fpending all the reft upon the 
Poor, and in repairing decay'd Churches. Tho' 
Strangers are prohibited to trade there, yet 
it is eafier carried on than at Veracruz. The In- 
habitants are more familiar ; the Women have 
more Liberty, yet they do not go Abroad with- 
out their Veils to wrap and hide them. Many 
of them fpeak French, and drefs after the French 
Falhion, and fome of our Nation have fettled 
themfelves there. When my Friend was there, 
a magnificent Feftival was celebrated for fif- 
teen Days fucceffively, in Honour of K. Philip 
the Fifth, and Monfieur du Cajfe being then 
there, with his Squadron, the City defir'd him 
to join with them. To that Purpofe, he set 

aihore 



into NORTH AMERICA. 195 

alliore five hundred Men, who perform'd the 
Martial Exercife in the great Square, which 
was much admir'd. The Havana is the Place, 
where the Galeons meet. Provilions are dear 
there, efpecially Bread; but the Wine is not, 
tho' it is good. Fifh and Flefh there, are un- 
favory. The Inhabitants are Spaniards. 

We have thought fit to defcribe thofe two 
famous Ports of the Bay of Mexico^ as well be- 
caufe it has not been fo exadlly done before, as 
in Regard that the Settlement which is going 
to be made in Louifiana^ may have fome De- 
pendance on them ; for the Havana lying in the 
Way, thofe who perform the Voyage may have 
the Conveniency of taking in Refrefhments 
there, of putting in for Shelter in foul Wea- 
ther, and of careening or refitting. As for the 
I'^'eracruZy tho' farther out of the Way, the 
Correfpondence there may be advantagious for 
the Securing of the Colony of Louifiana. 

But how can that fail of fucceeding, under 
the Conduct of Monfieur Crozat, who has the 
Charge of that Enterprize, and whom Provi- 
dence feems to have in a Manner ingag'd to ad- 
vance in Wealth and Honour, to the Amaze- 
ment of the World, and yet free from Envy, 
from Jealoufy, and from any Sort of Complaints. 
There is therefore no Reafon to prefage other- 
wife than well of the Event of this Affair; the 
Bleffiings God has pour'd down upon all his 
former Undertakings, feem to be a Security 
for what is to follow. There is Reafon to hope 
for dill greater Bleffmgs on this Projed: of a 
Settlement in Louifiana, as being equally advan- 
tagious to Religion and the State; for the pro- 
pagating of the Knowledge and Service of God 

O among 



1 96 Monjleur de la S a l e*j- Second Voyage 

among an infinite Number of Savages, by Means 
of the Miffioners, who are to be fent to and 
maintain'd in thofe vafl: Countries; the Plant- 
ing of the Faith in that new World, only the 
Name whereof is known to us, and the Redu- 
cing of it to be a Chriftian and a French Province, 
under the Dominion of our Auguft Monarch, 
and to the eternal Memory of his Reign, will 
be the Confequences and the Fruits of Monfieur 
Crozafs Care and Expence, the Glory of his 
Enterprize, the Security of the large Fortune 
he has made in this Life, and what is rare a- 
mong fuch rich Men, the Earneft of much bet- 
ter in the Next. Heaven grant our Hopes and 
Wifhes may be anfwer'd. 

/ am^ &c. 



The Letters Patent granted by the King of 
France to M. Crozat. 



LOUIS, by the Grace of God, King of 
France and Navarre: To all who fliall 
fee thefe prefent Letters, Greeting. The 
Care we have alv/ays had to procure the Wei- 
fare and Advantage of our Subje6ls having in- 
duced us, notwithftanding the almofl continual 
Wars which we have been obliged to fupport 
from the Beginning of our Reign, to feek 
for all poffible Opportunities of enlarging 
and extending the Trade of our American 
Colonies, We did in the Tear 1683 give our orders 

to 



into NORTH AMERICA. 197 

to undertake a Difcovery of the Countries and 
Lands which are Jituated in the Northern Part of 
America^ between New France and New Mexi- 
co: And the Sieur de la Sale, to whom we 
committed that Enterprize, having had Succefs 
enough to confirm a Belief that a Communication 
might be fettled from New France to the Gulph 
of Mexico by Means of large Rivers; This 
obliged us immediately after the Peace of Ryfwick 
to give Orders for the eflahlifhing a Colony there, 
and maintaining a Garrifon which has kept and 
preferved the Poffeffion, we had taken in the 
very Tear 1683 o/" the Lands, Coajfs and Iflands 
which are fituated in the Gulph of Mexico, between 
Carolina on the Eaff, and Old and New Mexico on 
the Wefi. But a new War having broke out 
in Europe fliortly after, there was no Poffibility, 
till now, of reaping from that new Colony 
the Advantages that might have been exped;ed 
from thence, becaufe the private Men, who 
are concerned in the Sea Trade, were all under 
Engagements with other Colonies, which they 
have been obliged to follow : And whereas upon 
the Information we have received concerning 
the Difpofition and Situation of the faid Coun- 
tries known at prefent by the Name of the 
Province of Louijiana, we are of Opinion that 
there may be eftablifhed therein a confiderable 
Commerce, fo much the more advantageous to 
our Kingdom in that there has hitherto been a 
Neceffity of fetching from Foreigners the 
greatefl: Part of the Commodities which may 
be brought from thence, and becaufe in Ex- 
change thereof we need carry thither nothing 
but Commodities of the Growth and Manu- 
facture of our own Kingdom ; we have refolv- 

O 2 ed 



198 Monfieur de la S al e*j- Second Voyage 

ed to grant the Commerce of the Country of 
Loidftana to the Sieur Anthony Crozat our Coun- 
cellor, Secretary of the Houfhold, Crown and 
Revenue, to whom we entruft the Execution 
of this Projedl. We are the more readily 
incHned hereunto, becaufe his Zeal and the 
fmgular Knowledge he has acquired in maritime 
Commerce, encourage us to hope for as good 
Succefs as he has hitherto had in the divers and 
fundry Enterprizes he has gone upon, and 
which have procured to our Kingdom great 
Quantities of Gold and Silver in fuch Conjun- 
ctures as have rendred them very welcome to 
us. 

FOR THESE REASONS being defirous to 
fhew our Favour to him, and to regulate the 
Conditions upon which we mean to grant him 
the faid Commerce, after having deliberated 
this Affair in our Council, Of our certain 
Knowledge, full Power and Royal Authority, 
We by thefe Prefents, figned by our Hand, 
have appointed and do appoint the faid 
Sieur Crozat folely to carry on a Trade in all the 
Lands poffefTed by Us, and bounded by New 
Mexico, and by the Lands of the Englifh of 
Carolina, all the EjJabliJhment^ Ports^ Havens, 
Rivers y and principally the Port and Haven of the 
IJle Dauphine, heretofore called Maffacre; the 
River of St. Lewis, heretofore called Miffifipi,/r5»? 
the Edge of the Sea as far as the Illinois; to- 
gether with the River of St. Philip, heretofore called 
the Miffourys, and of St. Jerome, heretofore called 
Ovabache, with all the Countries, Territories, 
Lakes within Land, and the Rivers which fall di- 
retfly or indire^ly into that Part of the River of 
St. Lewis. 

THE 



into NORTH AMERICA. 199 

The A R T I C L E S. 

I. Our Pleafure is, that all the aforefaid 
Lands, Countries Streams, Rivers and Iflands 
be and remain comprifed under the Name of 
The Government of Louifiana, which JJ)aU be 
dependant upon the General Government of New 
France^ to which it is fubordinate; and further, 
that all the Lands which we polTefs from the 
Ifinois be united, fo far as Occafion requires, 
to the General Government of New France, and 
become Part thereof, referving however to 
Ourfelves the Liberty of enlarging as We ihall 
think fit the Extent of the Government of the 
faid Country of Louifiana. 

IL We grant to the faid Sieur Crozat for 
Fifteen fucceffive Years, to be reckon'd from 
the Day of Inrolling thefe prefents, a Right 
and Power to tranfport all Sorts of Goods and 
Merchandize from France into the faid Country 
of Louifiana, and to traffick thither as he 
lliall think fit. We forbid all and every Perfon 
and Perfons, Company and Companies of what 
Quality or Condition foever, and under any 
Pretence whatever, to trade thither, under 
Penalty of Confifcation of Goods, Ships, and 
other more fevere Punifhments, as Occafion 
fhall require; for this Purpofe we order our 
Governours and other Officers commanding our 
Troops in the faid Country forcibly to abet, aid 
and affifl: the Diredors and Agents of the faid 
Sieur Crozat. 

in. We permit him to fearch for, open and 
dig all Sorts of Mines, Veins and Minerals 
throughout the whole Extent of the faid Coun- 
try of Louifiana, and to tranfport the Profits 
thereof into any Port of France during the faid 

O 3 Fif- 



200 Monjteur de la Sale'j Second Voyage 

Fifteen Years; and we grant in Perpetuity to 
him, his Heirs, and others claiming under him 
or them, the Property of, in and to the Mines, 
Veins and Minerals which he lliall bring to 
bear, paying us, in Lieu of all Claim, the Fifth 
Part of the Gold and Silver which the faid 
Sieur Crozat fhall caufe to be tranfported to 
France at his own Charges into what Port he 
pleafes, (of which Fifth we will run the Rifque 
of the Sea and of War,) and the Tenth Part 
of what Effedls he fhall draw from the other 
Mines, Veins and Minerals, which Tenth he 
lliall transfer and convey to our Magazines in 
the faid Country o^ Louijiana. 

We likewife permit him to fearch for precious 
Stones and Pearls, paying us the Fifth Part 
in the fame Manner as is mention'd for the 
Gold and Silver. 

We will that the faid Sieur Crozat, his Heirs, 
or thofe claiming under him or them the perpe- 
tual Right, fhall forfeit the Propriety of the 
faid Mines, Veins and Minerals, if they 
difcontinue the Work during three Years, and 
that in fuch Cafe the faid Mines, Veins and 
Minerals Ihall be fully reunited to our Domaine, 
by Virtue of this prefent Article, without the 
Formality of any Procefs of Law, but only an 
Ordinance of Re-union from the Subdelegate 
of the Intendant of New France, who fliall be 
in the faid Country, nor do we mean that the 
faid Penalty of Forfeiture in Default of work- 
ing for three Years, be reputed a Comminatory 
Penalty. 

IV. The faid Sieur Crozat may vend all fuch 
Merchandize, Goods, Wares, Commodities, 
Arms, and Ammunition as he fhall have caufed 

to 



into NORTH AMERICA. 201 

to be tranfported into the faid Country and 
Government oi Lomftana^ as well to the French^ as 
Savages who are or Ihall be there fetled; 
nor ihall any Perfon or Perfons under any 
Pretence whatfoever be capable of doing the 
like without his Leave expreiTed in Writing. 

V. He may purchafe in the faid Country, 
all Sorts of Furs, Skins, Leather, Wool, 
and other Commodities and EfFeds of the faid 
Country, and tranfport them to France during 
the faid Fifteen Years: And as our Intention 
is to favour, as much as we can, our Inhabi- 
tants of New France, and to hinder the Lef- 

fening of their Trade, we forbid him Traffick- ,a ^^^J-v-^ 
ing for Caflor in the faid Country under any 'jsly-*'^ 
Pretence whatfoever; nor to Convey any from 
thence into our Kingdom or Foreign Countries. 

VI. We Grant to the Sieur Crozat, his Heirs or 
thofe claiming under him or them, the Property 
of, in and to all Settlements and Manufa6tories 
which he Ihall ereft or fet up in the faid Coun- 
try for Silk, Indigo, Wooll, Leather, Mines, 
Veins and Minerals, as likewife the Property of, 
in and to the Lands which he fhall caufe to be 
Cultivated, with the Manfions, Mills, and 
Structures which he fhall caufe to be built there- 
on, taking Grants thereof from Us, which 
Grants he fhall obtain upon the Verbal Procefs 
and Opinion of our Governor and of the Sub- 
delegate of the Intendant of New France in the 
faid Country, to be by him Reported unto Us. 

We will that the faid Sieur Crozat, his Heirs, 
or thofe claiming under him or them, fhall keep 
in Repair the faid Settlements, Manufactures, 
Lands and Mills; and in Default thereof during 
the Space of three Years, he and they ihall 

O 4 Forfeit 



20 2 Monjieiir de la S a l e'j- Second Voyage 

Forfeit the fame, and the faid Settlements, 
Manufadories, Lands and Mills fhall be Re- 
united to our Domaine fully and amply, and 
in the fame Manner as is mentioned above in 
the Third Article concerning the Mines, Veins 
and Minerals. 

VII. Our Edi6ts, Ordinances and Cuftoms, 
and the Ufages of the Mayoralty and Shree- 
valty of Paris^ fliall be obferved for Laws and 
Cufloms in the faid Country oi Louifiana. 

VIII. The faid Sieur Crozat fhall be oblig'd to 
fend to the faid Country of Louijiana Two 
Ships every Year, which he iliall caufe to fet out 
in the proper Seafon, in each of which Ships he 
fhall caufe to be imbark'd, without paying any 
Freight, 25 Tun of Viduals, EfFe6ls and necef- 
fary Ammunition, for the Maintenance of the 
Garrifon and Forts of the LouiJiana\ and in 
Cafe we fliould caufe to be laden above the faid 
25 Tun in each Ship, we confent to pay the 
Freight to the faid Sieur Crozat, at the common 
Merchantile Rates. 

He fhall be oblig'd to convey our Officers of 
Lotdfiana in the Ships which he fhall fend 
thither, and to furnifh them with Subfi fiance 
and a Captain's Table for 30 Sols per Day, 
which we will caufe to be paid for each. 

He fhall likewife give PafTage in the faid Ships, 
to the Soldiers, which we fliall pleafe to fend to 
the faid Country; and we will caufe the ne- 
ceiTary Provifions for their Subfi (lance to be 
furniiii'd to him, or will pay him for them at 
the fame Price as is paid to the Purveyor-Gene- 
ral of our Marine. 

He fhall be furthermore oblig'd to fend on 
Board each Ship, which he fhall caufe to fet out 

for 



into NORTH AMERICA. 203 

for the faid Country, Ten young Men or Wo- 
men, at his own Election. 

IX. We will caufe to be deliver'd out of our 
Magazines to the faid Sieur Crozat^ 10000 
Weight of Gunpowder every Year, which he 
Ihall pay us for at the Price that it lliall cofl 
us, and this for fo long Time as the prefent 
Privilege lliall lall. 

X. The Wares and Merchandize which the 
faid Sieur Crozat iliall confign to the faid Coun- 
try oi Louifiana iliall be exempt from all Duties 
of Exportation, laid or to be laid, on Condition, 
that his Diredlors, Deputies or Clerks, fhall en- 
gage to give within the Space of a Year, to be 
reckon'd from the Date thereof, a Certificate of 
their Unlading in the faid Country of Lou- 
ifmna\ under Penalty, in Cafe of Contraven- 
tion, to pay the Quadruple of the Duties, re- 
ferving to our felves the Power of giving him 
a longer Refpite in fuch Cafes and Occurrences 
as we lliall think proper. 

XI. And as for the Goods and Merchandize, 
which the Sieur Crozat fhall caufe to be brought 
from the faid Country of Loiiifiana, and up- 
on his Account, into the Ports of our Kingdom, 
and fhall afterwards caufe to be tranfported 
into Foreign Countries, they lliall pay no Du- 
ties either of Importation or Exportation, and 
(hall be depofited in the Cuflom-Houfe, Ware- 
houfes of Ports where they lliall arrive, until 
they be taken away; and when the Deputies 
and Clerks of the faid Sieur Crozat fhall be 
minded to caufe them to be tranfported in- 
Foreign Countries, either by Sea or Land, 
they lliall be oblig'd to give Security to bring 
within a certain Time, a Certificate from the 

lafl 



204 Monjreur de la S a l e V Second Voyage 

laft Office, containing what they Exported 
there, and another Certificate of their un- 
lading in Foreign Countries. 

XI I. In Cafe the faid Sieur Crozat be obliged, 
for the furtherance of his Commerce to fetch 
from Foreign Countries fome Goods and Mer- 
chandize of Foreign Manufacture, in order to 
TRANSPORT them into the faid Coun- 
try of Louifiana. He fhall make Us Ac- 
quainted therewith, and lay before Us States 
thereof; upon which we, if we think fit, will 
Grant him our Particular Permiffion with Ex- 
emptions from all Duties of Importation and 
Exportation, Provided the faid Goods and 
Merchandize be Depofited afterwards in our 
Cuftom-houfe Ware-houfes until they be Laden 
in the Ships of the faid Sieur Crozat, who fhall 
be obliged to bring in one Year, to be reckoned 
from the Day of the Date hereof, a Certificate 
of their unlading in the faid Country of 
Louifiana, under Penalty, in Cafe of Contra- 
vention, to pay quadruple the Duties: Re- 
ferving to our felves, in like Manner, the Li- 
berty of granting to the faid Sieur Crozat, a 
longer Refpite, if it be neceffary. 

XIII. The Feluccaes, Canoes, and other Vef- 
fels belonging to us, and which are in the faid 
Country of Louifiana, fhall ferve for loading, un- 
loading and tranfporting the EfFefts of the faid 
Sieur Crozat, who fhall be bound to keep them 
in good Condition, and after the Expiration of 
the faid Fifteen Years (hall reflore them, or a 
like Number of equal Bulk and Goodnefs, to 
our Governor in the faid Country. 

XIV. If for the Cultures and Plantations 
which the faid Sieur Crozat is minded to make 

he 



into NORTH AMERICA. 205 

he finds it proper to have Blacks in the faid 
Country of the Louifiana^ he may fend a Ship 
every Year to trade for them directly upon the 
Coall: of Guinea^ taking Permiffion from the 
Guinea Company fo to do, he may fell thofe 
Blacks, to the Inhabitants of the Colony of 
Louifiana\ and we forbid all other Companies 
and Perfons whatfoever, under any Pretence 
whatfoever, to introduce Blacks or Traffick 
for them in the faid Country, nor fhall the faid 
Sieur Crozat carry any Blacks elfe where. 

XV. He 111 all not fend any Ships into the 
faid Country of Louifiana but directly from 
France, and he fliall Caufe the faid Ships to Re- 
turn thither again; the whole under Pain of 
Confifcation and Forfieture of the Prefent Pri- 
viledge. 

XVI, THE faid Sieur Crozat fhall be o- 
bliged, after the Expiration of the firft nine 
Years of this Grant, to Pay the Officers and 
the Garrifon which fhall be in the faid Country 
During the Six laft Years of the Continuance 
of this Prefent Priviledge : The faid Sieur Crozat 
may in that Time propofe and nominate the 
Officers, as Vacancies (hall fall, and fuch Of- 
ficers, fhall be Confirmed by us, if we approve 
of them. 

Given at FONTAINBLEAU the Fourteenth 
Day of September in the Year of Grace 17 12. 
And of Our Reign the 70th. 

SIGNED LOUIS 
By the K I N G 

PHELIPEAUX, ^c. 

Regilter'd at PARIS in the Parliament, the Four 
and Twentieth of September, 171 2. 



THE 



INDEX. 



A. 

ACancea' s, Jfidian Nation, their 
Houfhold StufF, Shape, ^c. 
p. 155. 
Accidents befallen the Recolets 72 
Account given by an India?! 92 
Adventure, a ftrange one 61 

Adultery among the IJlinois, not 
much regarded 1 7 5 

Amiable, Ship, caft away 36 

Alhgator eaten 1 2 

Alligators 64. 

Apalache Bay 19 

Arrival at Fort Lezvis 168 

Art of Indians to kill Goats and 
wild Fowl 136 

AJJonis, Indian Nation 133 

B. 
Banks of a River of feveral Co- 
lours 163 
Barbarity towards dead Bodies 
100. Of Men towards Women 
and of Women i 28 
Barbier (the Sieur) marries 72 
Battle fought by the Cenis 109 
Beaujeu (M. de') Commander of 
the Man of War, forfakes M. 
de la Sale 44. 
Beds of the Cenis 109 
Belle (la) Bark loft 67. How and 
what was fav'd of her 69 
Black bred in France i 88 
Boafting of the IJlinois 1 7 3 



Boat loft 38, 55 

Building, Manner of it among 
the Cenis 108 

Bullocks found aftiore 23 

Bulloch (River of) 54 

Buskins of raw Hides inftead of 
Shoes 83 

C. 
Cadodaquio River 14.2 

Cahaynehora, Indian Nation 148 
Calumet, or Pipe 146 

Canoe portable 88 

Canoes (River of) 96 

Cappa Village i 59 

Care of the Dead among the IJli- 
nois 175 
Carpenter loft 52 
Cave Her (Monfr.) with his Com- 
pany, parts from the Murder- 
ers 131. Comes to a French Ha- 
bitation I 5 2 
Cayman Ifland 1 1 
Cenis River 103 
Cenis, their Country defcrib'd 104 
They meet the French in fo- 
lemn Manner 106. An Enter- 
tainment given by them 107 
Their Moveables 109. Disfi- 
gure themfelves 110. Their 
Manners, Religion, and Cere- 
monies 1 1 2. Battle fought by 
them 127 
Cere- 



INDEX. 



Ceremony of the Calumet, or 

Pipe 146, 155. Of rejoicing 129 

At the Reception of the French 

137. Other Ceremonies 159 

Of drefling a Bullock 162 

Children of the IjUnois 173 

Cboumans, Indians 9 2 

Climate of the Bay of St. Lewis 

66 
Controverfy about Privilege 77 
Confpiracy difcover'd 50. Ano- 
ther to murder M. de la Sale 

97 
Copal TrcQ 103 

Corrientes Cape 1 3 

Country where they landed. 

Account of it 29. A fine one 

SO 
Crofs by a River 151 

Crozat (M. de') only to plant Co- 
lonies in Louifiana 187 
Cruel Trophies 128 
Currents 17 
Cuftom of Indian Women 143 

D. 

Dangerous Fruit 64 

Dead, Indian Ceremony to them 
140. Care of them among the 
Ijiinois 1 74 

Difference between the Com- 
manders 4, 26, 44 
Difcontents occafion'd by M. Mo- 
range t 97 
Difcoveries made 74 
Doleful Entertainment 141 
Ducking of Seamen 5 
Duhaut returns from M. de la Sale 
59. Endeavours to occafion a 
Mutiny 73. Confpires to mur- 
der M. de la Sale 98. Murders 
him 99. Ufurps the Command 
102. Is kill'd by Heins 123 
Dwelling of French i 5 i 



E. 

Encounter with Natives 7 i 

Entertainment of the Indians 
134, 138, 160 
F. 
Falls of a River 169 

Yz^ oi Indians 163 

Fatigue of the Men 5 2 

Figure of a pretended Monfter 

164 
Finifterre Cape 4 

Fifli, Plenty of it taken 47 

Fifli at the Bay of St. Lewis 62 
Flying Fifli 5 

Fort built 45. Another 49. The 
firft abandon' d 5 1 . The Pofture 
of the Second 5 1 . All refort to it 

53 
French Men, fix kill'd by the In- 
dians 59. Seven loft and four 
defert 74. Two kill'd 76. 
Three that had been loft heard 
of 94. One among the Indians 
107. Entertain' d by the Na- 
tives 115. Some turn'd Sa- 
vage 117, 119. Six go to the 
Wars with the Natives 125 
Some ftay with the Indians 132 
Only feven fet out for Canada 
ibid. Carry' d on the Backs of 
Indians 137 

French River 182 

G. 

Game of the Stick 1 7 5 

Goats and Bullocks found a- 

fliore 23 

Gros (Monfr. /<?) dies, and others 

54 
H. 

Habit of Indians 1 43 

Havana 191 

Hebahamo Indians 84 

Hiberville'% Expedition to the 
Mijfifipi 186 

Hiem 



INDEX. 



Hiens kills Duhaut 123. Seizes 

the EfFefts and gives what he 

pleafes to the reft 131 

Hifpaniola Ifland 6 

Holy Ghoft Bay 19 

Horfe purchas'd of the Indians 

9 1 . One fold for an Ax 1 1 6 

Houabache River 163 

Houfe built after the French 

Manner 151. Defcription of 

it 154 

Hunter dies with Cold 58 

Hurons Nation 180, 181, 182 
Huts containing feveral Fami- 
lies 108 
I. 
Janiquo, Indian Nation 141 
Indian Ceremony of the Dead 

140 
Indian dies of eating raw Suet 

165 
Indians come aboard 21. Pre- 
fented and fent afliore 22. 
Friendly Behaviour of fome 34. 
Their Camp 35. Their Enter- 
tainment 36. Affront given 
them 41. Their Revenge 42. 
Come to the Fort 48. Kill fix 
of the French 59. Some en- 
tertain' d by yi.de la Sale 80 
One clad like a Spaniard 105 
Expeft Prefents 148. Some 
met with Axes 148 

Inhumanity I 2 8 

Inftrument for Tillage among 
the Cents 109 

Intrenching with Trees 81 

Joutel (Monfr.) the Perfon that 
writes this Journal i. Believes 
they were at the Mouth of the 
Mijftfipi and flip'd it 18. Com- 
mands a Company 30. Is fav'd 
from being murder' d by a 



Friend 102. Sent to the Cenis 
for Provifions 104. Meets a 
French Man among the Indians 
II J. Has an Indian Maid of- 
fer' d him for a Wife 1 18. He 
and others refolve to part from 
the Murderers 1 20. Part from 
them 131. Profecute the Jour- 
ney 149. Comes to a French 
Habitation 152. Continues his 
Journey 157. Arrives at Fort 
Lewis 167. Sets out for Cana- 
da, and returns again 170 
IJlinois River 165 
IJlinois People met with 166 
Their Manners and Cuftoms, 
Women, Children, Thieving, 
Boafting 173. Care of the 
Dead 1 74. Game of the Stick, 
Marriages, Adultery 175. More 
of them 182 
K. 
Ketch taken by the Spaniards 10 
Kin d Indians I 5 2 

L. 

Landing, the firft 18. The fe- 

cond 24. The third 28 

Lataniers, Palm Trees 14 

Lezvis (Fort) among the IJlinois 

167 
Defcription of it and Country 171 
Lime, and Clay for Bricks 171 
Living Creatures about the Bay 
of St. Lewis 62 

M. 
Machigamea River 161 

Madera I ft and 4 

Maligne River 60, 87 

Manners and Cuftoms of the Illi- 
nois 1 7 3 
Marie (^Monfr. de) drown' d 139 
His Funeral 140 
Marriages of the Iflinois 175 

Mea- 



INDEX. 



Meadows very fine 136 

Memory of Men kill'd, bewail'd 

127 
Men lent to difcover by Land 3 i 
Six kill'd by the Natives 19 
Mexico City 190 

Mines 172 

Mifchief prevented 124 

MiJJiJipi River, the Mouth of it 
pafs'd by 27 

Found at laft 158 

Mijfouris River 164 

Montreal, arrival there 182 

Moranget (Monfr. ) Nephew to 
Monfr. de la Sale 30. Wounded 
by the Natives 43. Gives an 
Account of what he faw among 
the India?! s, he was fent to 92 
Difcontents occafion'd by him 
97. Is murder' d 98 

Moveables of the Cenis 1 09 

Murders committed by fome Vil- 
lains 98 
Murderers return to the Camp 
loi. Refolve to return to the 
Fort of St. Lewis i 20. Their 
Defign 121. Change their 
Mind 122. DiiFer in Opinion 

123 

N. 

Nahordikhe Indians 1 3 3 

Nation, what is meant by it 114 

Nations o{ Indians 90, 114, 140 

O. 

Officers attending an Indian 

Chief 158 

Oris, and Dejloges (the Sieurs) 

kill'd by the Natives 42 

Outahouaes Nation 1 80 

P. 
Perfons that went with M. de la 
Sale 2. Left in the Settlement 
when M. de la Sale departed 
71. Thofe that fet out with 
him 56 



Pines Ifland 11, 12 

Plants at the Bay of St. Lezvis 65 

Port de Paix 10 

Poutouatanni Nation i 80 

Prefents made by Indians 145 

To the Dead i 74 

Produft of the Country of the 

Acanceas 154. Of the Country 

about Fort Lewis 1 7 2 

Provifions hid, fpoilt 96 

S- 

Quinetonan River 1 8 1 

Quebec, Arrival there 183 

R. 

Rats 87 

Rattle Snake bites M. le Gros 47 

Reception of Indians 145. At 
Fort Lewis 168 

River, a fine one 32 

Rochelle, Departure thence 2 

Rochfort, Return thither 3 

S. 
Sabloniere River 57 

Sagamite, Hafty Pudding 113 

St. Antony Cape 1 3 

St. Lewises Bay 57. Defcription 
of the Country 62 

Sale (M. de la) his Reputation i 
His Miftake 20. Much wrong' d 
44. Goes to difcover up a Ri- 
ver 45. Returns and fets out 
again 46. Goes again to dif- 
cover 57. Returns to the Fort 
67. Sets out upon another Ex- 
pedition 68. His Difcoveries 
and Return 74. Refolves upon 
a third Expedition 75. Well 
receiv'd by the Natives 89. 
Confpiracy to murder him 97. 
Goes to feek his Men and is 
murder' d by Duhaut 99. His 
Character 100 

Salt 



INDEX. 



Salt found in Pits 48 

Salutation, an odd one 39 

Samana Cape 7 

Settlement, vide Fort 
Ships that went with Monfr. de 

la Sale 2 

Sombrero Ifland 7 

Spaniards, Indians give an Account 

of them 92. Take Monfr. de 



la Sale's Fort 
Spanijb Veffel feen 
Speeches made to 



the 



Spring of Salt Water 
T. 

Tabacco 

Thieving of the IJlinois 

Tillage among the Cenis 

Tonningaa Village 

To7iti (Monfr.) Miftake 
Account of this Voyage 
Comes to Fort Lewis 

Torima Village 

Tortuga Ifland 

Tortoifes 

Trade Wind 

Travel continu'd 

Travellers, how they liv'd 



186 

46 

French 

138 
163 

113 
173 
109 

159 

in his 

H 
176 

8 
63 

5 
178 
176 



15 
63 

188 
82 



176 
179 



Trees about St. Lewises Bay 64 
V. 

Variation 

Venomous Creatures 

Veracruz, in new Spain 

Village abandon 'd by Indians 
Inhabited 86. Another 
W. 

War with the Iroquois 

Water from a Tree fweet 

Way from St. Lewis's Bay to find 
the Mijfifipi 78 

Ways very bad 133 

Wild Fowl plentiful 28, 29, 82, 

144 

Wild Fruit 164 

Wild Swine 1 2 

Wolves, how they catch Goats 

180 

Women fow among the Cenis 82 
Defcription of them lb. Do the 
Work at Home, their Behavi- 
our and Habit ill. Cuftom 
of fome 143. Their Orna- 
ments 143. Do all Labour a- 
mong the IJlinois 173 

Woods very Thick 82 



FINIS. 



TEXTUAL NOTES. 



In the following notes references are made to page 
and line of the Text ; the line referred to being in 
every case the one upon which the first words of the 
quotation appear. After the words of the English 
text are placed those of the original French; then, if 
necessary, a correct translation; finally, in brackets, 
any explanations that may seem necessary. 

The collation of the original is as follows : 

JOURNAL HISTORIQUE du dernier voyage 
que feu M. de la Sale fit dans le Golfe de Mexique, 
pour trouver I'embouchure, & le cours de la Riviere 
de Missicipi, nomra^e a present la Riviere de Saint 
Loiiis, qui traverse la LOUISANE. 

Ou Von voit r Histoire tragique de sa mart, &= plu- 
sieurs choses curietises du nouveau monde. Par Mon- 
sieur JOUTEL, fun des Compagnons de ce Voyage, 
redige 6^ mis en ordre par Monsieur DE MICHEL. 
A PARIS, 

Chez EsTiENNE RoBiNOT, Librairc, Quay & attenant 
la Porte des Grands Augustins, a I'Ange Gardien. 
MDCCXIII. 

Avec Approbation &= Privilege du Roy. 

Le Libraire au Lecteur [running headline: Avis 

Au Lecteur] pp. iii. to xxxi. 
Approbation, p. xxxi. 
Privilege du Roy, pp. xxxii. to xxxiv. 

211 



212 TEXTUAL NOTES. 

Fautes a Corriger avant que de lire, p. xxxiv. 

Map, facing p. i. 

PREFACE Dii Sieur de Michel, qui a mis en ordre 

ce Journal, pp. i to lo. 
JOURNAL HISTORIQUE, 
Du dernier Voyage que feu M. de la Sale a fail dans 

V Amerique Septentrionale, pour la decouverte de la 

Riviere de Missicipi, pp. ii to 362. 
Reste de la Lettre de celuy qui a revU a Journal, 6^ qui 

en fait la suite, pp. 363 to 381. 
TABLE De ce qu'il y a de plus remarquable en ce 

Journal, pp. 382 to 386. 



The French Bookseller to the Reader. 

N. B. — None of the marginal notes of this Introduction 
are in the original, save the very last. 

Page iv, line 5. " Snapsack." French, " paquet " [cf. 

p. 60, 1. 25.] 
P. V. 1. 13. "There are Vines which want but little 

Improvement." Fr. " On y trouve de la vigne 

a qui il ne manque qu'un peu de culture ; " — but 

a little cultivation. 

1. 17. "Alligators, but . . . ." Fr. 

"crocodiles, prodigieux lizards d'eau; mais . ." 

— enormous water lizards [omitted]. 

I. 21. "hurt." Fr. "hurte" — strike. 
P. vi. 1. 16. "a Pot or Kettle." Fr. "chaudiere." 

1. 20. "do not value Wealth." Fr. "ne 

faire cas d' aucune sorte de richesse;" — value no 

kind of wealth. 
P. vii. 1. 20. "the Mysteries of Christian Religion." 

Fr. " nos Mysteres " — our Mysteries. 
P. viii. 1. 16. "and we look upon those Savages as 

Men, who . . . . " i^r. " Et peut-on croire 

aussi qu'un Sauvage le soit [scil un homme], 



TEXTUAL NOTES. 213 

quand on le voit sans Loy, sans Roy, & ce qui 
est le plus d(5plorable, sans Dieu." — And can one 
deem a savage such [/. e. a man], when he is seen 
to be without law, without a king, and, most de. 
plorable of all, without a God? 
P. X. 1. 8. "civiliz'd." /v. " humanisez ; " — human- 
ized. 

P. xi. 1. 14. "O the depth of the Riches .... 
Ways past finding out ! " [Though the translator 
habitually cuts across many phrases and clauses 
of the original, he here piously inserts the entire 
Scriptural quotation, which the French writer 
merely suggests by the words "i? Altitudoy^^ 
P. xi. 1. 23. "This all Christians are oblig'd inces- 
santly to pray for." Fr. "Tout Catholique Ten 
doit prier avec instance;" — For this every Cath- 
olic is in duty bound to pray urgently. 
P. xiii. 1. 12. "ascertain those Mistakes." Fr. "per- 
fectionner ces ebauches." — Perfect those sketches 
[/. e. maps, etc.]. 

1. 19. " let us applaud their Actions when 
we read them, and let us commend their Rela- 
tions." — Fr. "applaudissons a leurs entreprises 
en lisant & loiiant leurs Relations" — let us ap- 
plaud their undertakings by reading and praising 
their narratives. 
P. xiv. 1. 14. "such as are not us'd to read many 
Travels." Fr. " ceux qui n'ont pas la pratique 
des grands voyages." — Such as have not consider- 
able experience in traveling. 
P. XV. 1. 5. '•Roan.'" Fr. " Roiien " [so throughout 

the book]. 

P. xvi. 1.4. "Wood-Men." iv. "Coureurs de bois." 

P. xvii. 11. 3 and 11. "well enough learn'd " "well 

enough vers'd." Fr. "assez lettre," "assez bien 

verse." [The translator of the phrase is, indeed, 



114 TEXTUAL NOTES. 

" well enough," and is quoted here only because 
it suggests the remark that, later on, the French 
adverb assez is frequently rendered by such words 
as indifferent, extraordinary^ ; 

P. xxi. 1. 8. "sixty Leagues." Fr. "plus de six cens 
lieues vers sa source" — more than six hundred 
leagues toward its source, [This is perhaps the 
most considerable of the translator's slips, though 
there are many minor errors in the transference 
of figures.] 

P. I. Title of unpaged preface. "Mitchel." Fr. 
" Michel." 

P. 2, 1. 2. "the remaining Part of the World." Fr. 
"les restes du nouveau Monde." — The rest of the 
New World. Of course, the "Advertisement, /(? 
t/ie British Gentry," at the end of this Preface, is 
not in the original. 

The Journal 

P. 2, 1. 9. " the one Brother, the other Nephew to 
. . . . " Fr. " I'un frere & les autres neveux 
de . . . " — the one a brother of M. de La 
Salle, the others his nephews. [There were two 
nephews, both apparently named Cavelier, — the 
name of La Salle's family; although, except in 
this passage and one or two others, the elder 
nephew is called M. Moranget. Cf. p. 41, 1. 11; 
p. 68, 1. 11; and p. 131, 1. 13.J 

P. 3, 1. II. "thirty tuns of Ammunition, and some 
Commodities design'd for Santo Domingo.'''' Fr. 
" 30 tonneaux de Munitions ou Marchandises, qui 
estoit fret^e pour S. Domingue" — thirty casks of 
munitions or commodities, which were intended 
for Santo Domingo. 

P. 4, 1. 20. "eight or ten Days." Fr. "sept ou huit 
jours" — seven or eight days. 



TEXTUAL NOTES. 215 

P. 5, I. 4. " laid the foundation of .... " />. 

" furent les secrettes semences, qui . . . " — 

were the hidden seeds, which . . . [The 

original figure is much more appropriate than 

that substituted by the translator.] 
P. 5, 1. 25. "44 Minutes." i^>-. "45 minutes." 
P. 6, 1. 16. [The parenthesis in italics is not in the 

original.] 
P. 6, 1. 34. "Dainmaville, the Priest, . . . . " 

J^r. " Dainmaville Prestre Missionaire . . " 

— the missionary priest. 
P. 7, 1. 2. "The2ist, . . . ." i^r. "LeI2"— 
the twelfth. 
P. 7, 1. 19. "above five Persons sick . . , ." 

/r. " plus de 50 malades . . . " — more than 

fifty sick people. 

1. 21. "the Surgeon." J^r. "les chirur- 

giens" — the surgeons. 

1. 22. "the first Port." iv-. "premier Port 

Fran9ois" — first French port. 
P. 8, 1. 6. "the 26th of the said Month." J^r. " le 

16 du dit mois." [Here the translator rightly 

corrects the original.] 
P. 9, 1. 13. "Aboard the Ships." T'V. " dans le vais- 

seau" — on the ship. 
P. 9, 1. 17. "the pretended Reform'd Religion." J^r. 

"la Religion P. R." [Where did the translator 

get the key to those letters?] 
P. II, 1.4. "' Zenobrius." J^r." Zenohe" — Zenobius. 
1. 13. I^r. "au matin" — in the morning 

[omitted]. 
P. 13, 1. 14. "being the 13th" [correcting the -^/-., 

which reads " 12" — the 12th]. 
P. 15, 1. 26. "it grew very cloudy." J^r. "il s'eleva 

un gros nuage au nord " — there arose a great 

cloud to the northward. 



2i6 TEXTUAL NOTES. 

P. 1 6, 1.24. "26 Degrees." Fr. " le 28^ degre" 

— the 28th degree. 
P. 18, 1. 2. "and the foremost." Fr. "& qui estoi- 

ent devant nous," — and who were ahead of us. 
P. 20, 1. 23. "25 Degrees." Fr. "28^ degre "—the 

28th degree. 
P. 21, 1. 10. "our Boats." Fr. " notre chaloupe" 

— our boat. 
P. 23, 1. 16. "in fourteen Foot Water." Fr. "k 

quatre piez d'eau:" — in four feet of water. 
P. 24, 1. 10. " tendred " [misprint for tended.] 
P. 25, 1. 21. "as soon as soon" [su]. 

I. 35. " Part of the Men were put into a 

Boat." Fr. "une partie s'embarqua" — a party 

embarked. 
P. 26, 1. 31. "same same" [sic]. 
P. 28, 1. 24. "Rivulets." i^'-. "marres" — ponds [cf. 

next note.] 
P. 29, 1. 33. "Sloughs." Fr. "marres" [correct, but 

see preceding note]. 
P. 31, 1. 34. "little Boat." Fr. "canot" [explained 

in a marginal note as follows: "Canot, es^ un 

petit batteau fait de bois, ou d^ecorces, oic de peau" 

— Canoe, is a little boat made of wood, or bark, or 

hide.^ 
P. 36, 1. 3. Commander in Chief." Fr. "Chef." 
1. 7. "deform'd." Fr. "laides" — ugly. 
P. 38, 1. 22. "several Sentinels." Fr. "quatre sen- 

tinelles " — four sentinels. 
P. 39, 1. 15. Village next the Fire." Fr. "village 

prochain du lieu " — near the place. 
P. 41, 1. II. "Messieurs Moranget, his Nephew, Des- 

loges,'' etc. Fr. " Messieurs Moranget son 

neveu, Desloges," etc. [Cf. note to p. 2, 1. 9.] 
P. 43, 1. 13. "together with the Concern, most of the 

best Persons who had followed M. de la Sale 



TEXTUAL NOTES. 217 

were under." Fr. " jointes au dugout que la perte 
de n6tre navire avoit caus^ parmi la pluspart des 
honnestes gens qui avoient suivi M. de la Sale," 
— together with the anxiety which the loss of our 
ship had occasioned among most of the people of 
respectability who had followed M. de La Salle. 

P. 46, 1. 3. "two or three." Fr. " trois ou quatre" 
— three or four. 

1. 13. "design'd to erect a Fort farther up 
the River." Fr. "vouloit faire un Fort plus 
avant dans le pays;" — designed to establish a 
fortified post farther inland. 

P. 47, 1. 2. " Men in that Vessel, who . . . . " 
Fr. "vaisseau, qui," — ship, which . . . 

1. 20. " Marsh." [here there should be a 
semicolon, as in the Fr^ 

P. 48, 1. 2. [The following sentence is awkward 
enough, but it gives the sense intelligibly.] 

P. 54, 1. 5. Le Belle [misprint for La Belle]. 

P. 55, 1. I. "These Bullocks . . . curl'd Sort 
of Wool." [In the original this sentence has the 
form of a marginal note.] 

P. 58, 1. 12. "a Girl & a Woman, who was shot thro' 
the Thigh, of which she dy'd." Fr. " une fille, 
une femme bless^e a la cuisse d' un coup de fusil, 
dont elle mourut." — a girl, a woman wounded in 
the thigh by a gun-shot, who died of the wound. 
[It is doubtful whether the gi'r/ and the woman 
were not one and the same person.] 

P. 59, last line, "but exerting himself against his 
Misfortunes." Fr. "il seroit dit contre ses mal- 
heurs," [The original is here simply meaning- 
less. The sense intended is probably that ex- 
pressed by the translation.] 

P. 60, 1.25. "Snapsack." Fr. "paquet." [Cf. p. 
iv. 1. 5-] 



2i8 TEXTUAL NOTES. 

P. 62, 1. 11. "To the Northward, was the River running 
along by a little Hill." Fr. "On voyoit du cdt6 
du midy, & vers 1' Orient, la Baye, & les cam- 
pagnes qui la bordent, de 1' Orient au Septen- 
trion, la Riviere se presentoit le long d' un 
petit costan," — To the southward and eastward 
stretched the Bay and the fields which border it, 
from the east to the north, the river appeared 
along a gentle slope, — [The phrase, " from the 
east to the north " squints both ways; the reader 
must determine the meaning. Perhaps, in the 
editor's translation, the comma after the words 
"border it" should be removed, so as to make 
the phrase " from the east to the north " qualify 
the verb " border." Although the editor's studies 
have not qualified him to express an authoritative 
opinion upon this point of historical geography, 
he hazards the guess that this river is one of those 
flowing into Galveston Bay.] 

P. 66, 1. 8. "Colours, whereof many . . . . " 
[The ascription of an agreeable odor to the colors 
is found in the original. Perhaps the Fr. " coul- 
eurs" is a misprint for "fleurs."] 

P. 67, 1. 20. " as I & my Men did, . . . ." Fr. 
"& Duhaut ayant dit ses raisons, & moy les mi- 
ennes, . . . " — and Duhaut having given 
his reasons, and I mine, . . . 

P. 68, 1. 16. "Nails." Fr. "alesnes" — awls. 

P. 68, (foot) "little Monsieur Cavelier, . . . ." 
[Cf. p. 2, 1. 9.] 

P. 71, 1. 8. " Pedreroes." Fr. "pierriers" — swivel- 
guns. 

P. 78, 1. 9. "/' Arckveque'' [misprint for " /' Arch- 
eveque,'' the name of one of the men.] 

1. II. (end of sentence) " &c." [not in orig- 
inal.] 



TEXTUAL NOTES. 219 

P. 81, 1.30. " curious Meadows." Fr. "belles prai- 
ries " [an interesting use of the word curious, for 

fine or beauHful?\^ 

1. 31. " Woods of tall Trees." Fr. "belles 

fUtayes." 

1. 34. "curious shady Groves." Fr. "beaux 

ombrages." [Cf. the two notes immediately pre- 
ceding.] 
P. 82, 1. 10. " the same Sort of Pasture Grounds." 

Fr. "les m^mes paisages" [in 1. 2 the same word 

is correctly translated "Landskip"]. 

1. 24. "Dome or round Top." Fr. "dome." 
P. 85, I. 18. " i6th " [should be 26th. as in Fr?^. 

1.29. " next Day being the 28th." ^r. "le 

lendemain 27." [The original appears to be 

wrong, and the correction extends to the three 

following dates.] 
P. 87, I. 8. "Knots." Fr. " bretelles "—carriers' 

or porters' knots. 
P. 89, 1. I. "fine curious Country." Fr. " fort beau 

paisage." 

1. 3. ["pleasant" also stands for "beau." 

Cf. p. 81, 11. 30 to 34.] 
P. 90. Kiahoba, Fr. Kiaboha 

Choume/ies, " Chaiimenes 

Arhan, " Arhait 

Enepiahe, " Enepiahce. 

Ahonerhopiheim, " Ahouerhopiheim 

Korenkake, " Koienkahe 

Korkone, " Konkone 

Maghai, " Meghai 

Thecamenes, " Tecanienes 

Kavagan, " Kavayan 

Kannehonan, " Kannehouan 

Tohaka^ " Tohaha 

Chanzes, " Chancres 



220 TEXTUAL NOTES. 

Orcampion, Fr. Orcampiou 

Ayona, " Ayano 

Canohatino, " Canohatinno 

[The curious may compare the notes to p. 
107, I. 34, and to pp. 114, 115.] 

P. 91, 1. 16. "curious Plain." ^r. "belle campagne." 
[Cf. p. 81, 11. 30 to 34, and p. 89, 1. i.] 

P. 93, 1. 6. "forty ancient Indians." Fr. "quar- 
ante anciens Sauvages " — forty old Indians. 
[Later the translator uses the proper word, 
" Elders."] 

P. 94, 1. 13. Fr. " & a faire de la chaux;" — and to 
make lime [omitted]. 

P. 97, 1. 13. "Male." Fr. "Marie" [proper name]. 
1.31. " Heins." Fr. "Hiens" [proper 
name]. 

P. 100, 1. 15. "at a Time when he might entertain 
the greatest Hopes, as the Reward of his La- 
bours." Fr. "dans le temps qu'il y avait tout a 
esperer de ses grands travaux " — at a time when 
there was the greatest hope of the success of his 
enterprise. 

P. 102, 1. 14. "Dehaut " [misprint for "Duhaut"]. 

P. 103, 1. 8. " drown'n " [misprint for " drown'd "]. 
1.30. "Lime Trees." iv-. "Tilleul"— lin- 
den. 

P. 104, 1. 8. " the Tessieers." Fr. " Teissiers " [proper 
name]. 

P. 106, 1. 27. "in their Formalities, which consisted 
in . . . " Fr. " & les anciens, qui venoient en 
ceremonie audevant de nous avec tous leurs ajust- 
emens, qui consistoient en . . " — and the 
elders, who came in ceremony to meet us in all 
their trappings, which consisted in . . . 

P. 107, 1. I. " only their Bows & Arrows." Fr. 
" d'autre leurs arcs & deux fleches seulement," — 



TEXTUAL NOTES. 221 

others their bows & two arrows only [d'autre " is 
a misprint for " d'autres "]. 

1. 17 (end of paragraph). Fr. "II nous fit 
bien des caresses, il estoit tout nud, comme eux, 
& ce qu' est surprenant, il avoit presque oubli^ 
son langage naturel." — He gave us many caresses: 
he was, like them, quite naked; and, what is 
remarkable, he had almost forgotten his native 
tongue. [All this is omitted in the translation.] 

1.32. "discouse." i^r, " dessein " — design. 

1. 34. " Cannokantimoy Fr. " Cannohan- 
tinio.'" [Cf. note to p. 90, last name in list.] 
P. 108, 1. 13. stragling up and down, , . . Fr. 
"par halneaux." Probably a misprint for 
" haraeaux," — hamlets. 

1.15. "At other Distances." iv-. "d'espace 
en espace" — at intervals. 
P. 109,1. 2. "from the Dome" — form the dome 
[misprint]. 

1. 3. " lash " — lath [misprint]. 

I. 12. "Sagamise." /r. "sagamite." [Every- 
where else translated " Sagamite."] 

1. 18. "well cur'd, which serve them for 
Feather Beds, or Quilts and Blankets." Fr. 
"passees avec le poil, qui servent de matelats & 
de couvertures," — cured with the hair on, to serve 
as matresses and bedclothes. 
P. Ill, 1. I. "all the Work." Fr. " presque tout le 

travail " — almost all the work. 
P. 114, 1. 17. "a whole Province, or vast Extent of 
Land. Fr. " une Province entiere " — a whole 
province, 

1. 20. " of twenty or thirty Leagues." Fr. 
"de quinze, de vingt, ou de trente lieiies" — of 
fifteen, of twenty, or of thirty leagues. 



222 TEXTUAL NOTES. 

pp. 114, 115. Takensa, Fr. Tahenssa 
Enepiahe, " Enepiaha 

Ahonerhopiheim, " Ahouerhopiheim 

Ahekouen, " Ahehouen 

Meghty, " Meghey 

Kouayon, " Kouayan 

Cagabegux, " Coyabegux 

Pickar, " Pichar 

Tokau, " Tohau 

Peihoun, " Peihoum 

[Cf. the long list of similar errors in the note 
to p. 90. In the transference of these singular 
names, the translator has industriously asserted 
the rights of the creative imagination.] 

P. 116, 1. 4. "a very fine Stone Horse." Fr. " un 
cheval entier et fort beau" — a very handsome 
entire horse. 

1. 12. "near the River." Fr. "au-dela de 
la Riviere," — beyond the river. 

P. 117, 1. 22. " Buter.'" Fr. ^^ Fufer'^ [proper name]. 

P. 118, 1. 8. "N. W." Fr. "Nord'ouest." [Cor- 
rectly rendered, but cf. p. 119, 1. 22, where the 
direction is given as "N. E."; in original, 
"Nord'est." 

P. 118, 1. 23. "Buter, the French Man." Fr. " Ru- 
ter s'en retourna" — Ruter returned. 

P. 119, 1. 22. "N. E." Fr. "Nord'est." [Cf. note 
to p. 118, 1. 8.] 

P. 122, 1. 14. '^ HautoL'^ [Fr. the same, but prob- 
ably a misprint for " Liotot." 

P. 123, 1. I. "River that was near." Fr. "vers la 
Riviere " — toward the river. [Words are thus 
frequently inserted by the translator.] 

1.9. " He inform'd Duhaut." iv-. " II ap- 
prit de Duhaut — he learned from Duhaut. [Here 



TEXTUAL NOTES. 223 

the original seems wrong and the translation 

right.] 
P. 125, 1. 21. "which Way he would move." Fr. 

" que nous verrions de quel c6t6 nous pourrions 

tirer," — that we might see what direction we 

could take [/. <?., take information as to their 

future line of march]. 
P. 126, 1. 33. "produce." [There should be a 

comma after this word.] 
P. 127, 1. 3. "and they set up their Throats, singing 

Several Songs as loud as they were able." Fr. 

" qui se mirent a chanter a pleine gorge des 

chansons differentes," — who began loudly to 

sing various songs. 
P. 130, 1. 24. "begn" [misprint iox began\. 
P. 131, 1. 10. "Resolution." [After this word there 

should be only a comma. In Fr. there is a 

colon.] 
P. 131, 1. 13, Messieurs Cavelier, the Uncle and the 

Nephew, thirty Axes." [In the Fr., after "Neveu," 

are the words, "& pour moy" — and for me. 

This nephew is the one generally referred to as 

M. Moranget. Cf. pp. 2 and 68, and the notes.] 
P. 133, 1. 16. "■ Nahordikhey Fr. '' Nahoudikhe." 

[Cf. pp. 90 and 114, and the notes.] 
P. 134, 1, 21, "Reception." [After this word there 

should be a period.] 

1. 35. " Cavelier and the Priests." Fr. "de 

Monsieur Cavelier Pretre." — of M. Cavelier the 

priest. 
P. 139, 1. I. "Need of." [Here there should be 

only a comma, as in the /r.] 

1. 5. " It is to be observ'd . . . than 

with us." [In the Fr. this sentence is in 

the form of a marginal note.] 



224 TEXTUAL NOTES. 

p. 140, 1. 31. "Nathososr Fr. '' JVatsohos." [Cf. 
pp. 90 and 114, and the notes. 

1. 35. "Way." [After this word there 
should be a comma.] 

P. 144, 1. 2. " Cohainihoua." Fr. '^Cahainihoua." 
[Cf. pp. 90 and 114, and the notes. In a mar- 
ginal note in the Fr., this tribe is called Cahay- 
naho^ 

P. 145, 1. 9. "caressing us after an extraordinary 
Manner." Fr, "II nous fit bien des caresses" 
— many caresses. 

P. 146, 1. 6. " Calumet, so they call a very long Sort 
of Tabacco Pipe." Fr. " Calumet garny de dif- 
ferens plumages:" — calumet ornamented with 
various feathers. [In a marginal note: " Cest 
une Pipe a Tabac, qui a la queue fort longue. — 
This is a tobacco-pipe with a very long stem.] 

P. 146, 1. 16. "on his Feet." Fr. "sous les piez;" 
— under his feet. 

P. 154, 1. 12. "impatiently expected." Fr. "aspir- 
oient grandement" — longed ardently for. 

1. 21. "rounded away at the Corners." 
[After this in Fr. come the words, "sa couver- 
ture est d'ecorce;" — its roof is of bark.] 

1. 25. "deer." Fr. "cerfs, biches," — stags, 
hinds. 

P. 155, 1. 17. "However, some of them have more 
Conveniencies, but the Generality has not." Fr. 
"Quelques uns cependant sont plus proprement; 
mais generalement, non." — Some, nevertheless, 
are more cleanly, but generally, they are not. 

P. 157, 1.35. "going down the River." [After these 
words the following sentence is omitted: "Nous 
fumes bien re^us en la Cabane du Chef, & traitez 
comme chez les autres." — We were well received 



TEXTUAL NOTES. 225 

in the Chief's wigwam, and were treated as we 
had been when among the others.] 

P. 158, 1. 2. "referr'd" [misprint for " deferr'd "]. 

P. 160, 1. 9. "several burning Reeds." Fr. "des 
Cannes seiches allum^es," — dry reeds aflame. 

1. 34. "or Black and Red," — Fr. " de noir 
ou de rouge," — of black or of red. 

P. 165, 1. 2. "about ten or twelve Foot high." Fr. 
"de la hauteur de huit ou dix piez;" — eight or 
ten feet. 

P. 167, 1. 6. "shove, so they . . . Poles." Fr. 
" percher; ainsi appelle-t-on la manoeuvre de la 
perche," — poling, so they term the act of working 
the boat with a pole. 

1. 29. Monsr. de la Sale." [Omitted: 
"nomm^ Boisrondet," the name of the clerk.] 

P. 169, 1. 25. "dangerous." Fr. "difficile." 

P. 170, 1. 6. [Dates omitted: "toutes choses estant 
prestes le i, le 18 nous primes conge" — every- 
thing being ready on the ist, we took leave on 
the 1 8th.] 

1. 15. "five Days." Fr. "huit jours"— 
eight days. 

P. 174, 1. 5. "lofty Coffins." Fr. "des cerceuils 
elevez" — coffins placed high above the ground. 

P. 177, 1. 6. ^' Chicagon.'' Fr. ^^Chicagou." 

P. 178, 1. I. "Note." Tv-. "billet & reconnoissance" 
— note and receipt. 

1.33 ^^ Chicagon.'" Fr. '■^Chicagou'^ [This 
difference in the form of this famous name is 
maintained throughout. The translator had de- 
termined that it was to be Chicagon!\ 

P. 178, 1. 34. "what we had conceal'd" Fr. "la 
cache " — [the same word is rendered in the same 
way on the next page, 1. 8. The translator was 



226 TEXTUAL NOTES. 

apparently ignorant of such peculiarly American 
terms as cache, tomahawk, wigwam, scalp, squaw, 
wampum, none of which he uses.] 
P. 179, 1. 15. "Manna." Fr. "manne." [Evidently 
maple sap. But were there sugar maples then at 
Chicago?] 

1. 27. "Charvel." Fr. "cerfeiiil" — chervil. 

1.31. "5th of April." iv-. "le huit Avril" 
— 8th of April. 
P. 180, 1. 22. "might quit their Sanctuary." Fi-. 
"ne sortissent pas de leur asyle," — might not 
quit . . . 

1, 28. "Voyage." [Sentence omitted: "Nous 
en partimes le dernier du mois, & nous arrivames 
le dix May audit lieu de Micilimaquinay ,'' — We 
left there on the last of the month, & we arrived 
on the loth of May at the said place of Michili- 
niackinac] 

1. 30. "River." [There should be only a 
semi-colon after this word, as in the T^r.] 
P. 181, 1. 8. "The proper prayers." Fr. "les prieres" 

— the prayers. 
P. 182, 1. 7. "row'd." Fr. " Nous voguS,mes " — we 
sailed. 

1. 13. Fr. "le 27"— the 27th. [Date 

omitted.] 

1. 21, "on which there grew." i^r. "il croit" 
— there grow. 

1. 26. We got out of it again. [Date omit- 
ted. Fr. "le 7,"— the 7th.] 
P. 184, 1. 5. "Cod." [Phrase omitted after this 
word:] Fr. "pour venir en France," — in order 
to reach France. 

1, 10. Fr. " vendredy " — Friday. [Day 

omitted.] 



TEXTUAL NOTES. 227 

last line. " October." Fr. " Novembre" — 
November. 

P. 184, 1. 4 of the Sequel, "as he was himself." 
Fr. " comme luy." [There should be a comma 
after " Himself," though there is none in the Fr^ 

P. 185, 1. 2. "more largely." [There should be a 
period after these words.] 

1. 3. "great share in those Discoveries;" 
Fr. "a eu part a de grandes d^couvertes;" — had 
a share in great discoveries. 

P. 186, 1. 18. " notable Exploits." "belles expeditions 
datis'^ — notable expeditions to. 

P. 187, 1. 34. "The Dauphinr Fr. "feu Mon- 
seigneur le Dauphin." [The Dauphin, eldest son 
of Louis XIV., had died but a year or two before 
the publication of the Fr. original.] 

P. 188, 1. 32. "Wild Fowl." Fr. " gibier, dont la 
chair est filasseuse, & sans goust; " — game, the 
flesh whereof is stringy and tasteless [the words 
after gibier are omitted in the translation]. 

P. 189,1.32. "Opening on the Right Side," Fr. 
" Overture au droit de I'ceil — opening opposite 
the eye. 

P. 190, 1. 18. "Images of Devotion, decently fur- 
nish'd . . . ." Fr. " images de piete; & ils 
en ont peu de veritable. Ils sont proprement 
meublez " — images of devotion, — and they have 
little that is real. They are decently furnished 

P. 190, 1. 21. "Plate." Fr. "mais la vie ni les 
manieres des Ecclesiastiques n' edifient point. 
Festes & Dimanches, il n' est point question de 
Matines, de Sermon, ni de Vespres: on cause 
dans les Eglises, on y rit aussibien que dans les 
Processions, qui se font frequemment la nuit aux 



228 TEXTUAL NOTES. 

flambeaux." — but the lives and manners of the 
clergy are not edifying. On holidays and Sun- 
days there is no thought of matins, of sermon, or 
of vespers: people chat and laugh in the churches 
as well as in the processions, which are often at 
night by the light of torches. [All this omitted.] 

P. 190, last line. "That Country would be better . ." 
Fr. " Ce pais seroit bon en quelques endroits, si 
les Habitans avoient I'adresse & le courage de le 
cultiver." — That country would be good in some 
parts, if the inhabitants had the skill and energy 
to till it. 

P. 191, 1. 2. "Indian Corn." Fr. " du gros mil"— 
coarse millet. 

1. 24. " other countries of . . . . " Fr. 
" les pais chauds de . . . " — the warm 
regions of. . . . 

1.32. " it stands towards the Western End." 
Fr. " elle est a la pointe occidentale " — it stands 
at the western point. [One of the few instances 
in which the translation corrects the Fr.^ 

P. 194, 1, 2. [Paging here jumps from 191 to 194.] 
" and Brass Guns from twenty four to thirty six 
Pounders." Fr. "bonne artillerie de 24 & 36," 
— good artillery of 24 and 36 [pounds]. 

1. 10. "about all uniform." Fr. "basti- 
mens egaux a I'entour." — uniform buildings 
around it [the plaza]. 

1. 15. "each Mark being half a Pound" 
[not in the Fr.'\. 

1. 16. "amounts to fifty." Fr. "vaaplus 
de cinquante " — amounts to more than fifty. 

P. 195, 1. 4. "Galeons meet." [The following sen- 
tences are omitted here.] Fr. " Par ce mot 
n'entendez pas des Navires d' une grandeur ex- 
traordinaire; car la pluspart ne sont que des ba- 



TEXTUAL NOTES. 229 

timens fort inediocres, que la vanity Espagnole 
enfle & grossit par un nom de rodomontade. 
Mais si ces Vaisseaux ne sont pas grands, leur 
charge & leur richesse le sont. Avec tout cela 
cette Ville, I'abord des tresors des Indes Occi- 
dentales, est pleine de mendians: mais ils ne le 
sont que par leur faute, & par leur paresse." — By 
this word should not be understood ships of ex- 
traordinary size; for most of them are but very 
inconsiderable craft, which Spanish vanity strives 
to magnify by a swelling name. But if these 
ships are not great, their precious freight is so. 
For all that, this city, the gateway to the treas- 
ures of the West Indies, is full of beggars, — but 
it is by their own fault and by their idleness that 
they are such. 

P. 195, 1. 7. [Last clause of the paragraph omitted.] 
Fr. " & par dessus tout cela tient encore du 
Sauvage." — and, throughout the whole, savage 
traits still predominate. [It is to be noted that 
the translator's omissions in this Postscript are 
evidently prompted by a desire to soften the 
asperity of the tone toward the Spaniards.] 

PP. 196 to 205. "Letters Patent." [These are not 
in the original, which ends with a table of con- 
tents. The " Index " is due to the translator, 
although the table of contents appended to the 
original is quite as useful.] 



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